--- title: Ecclesiastes 8:9 — All this have I seen, even applied my heart thereto, whatever the wo… · Hebrew, tree and pragmatics description: All this have I seen, even applied my heart thereto, whatever the work that is done under the sun; what time one man had power over another to his hurt. Who acts: I, one man, man. Ecclesiastes 8:9 in Hebrew with its dependency tree, the Targum, JPS 1917 and the pragmatics of every clause. --- [Mova](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) · [this page in HTML](https://mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/ketuvim/ECC.8.9/) [home](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) / [corpora](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/) / [Tanakh](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/tanakh/) / [Ketuvim](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/ketuvim/) / [Ecclesiastes](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/ketuvim/ECC/) / [chapter 8](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/ketuvim/ECC/8/) / 8:9 # Ecclesiastes 8:9 קֹהֶלֶת **Who acts:** I, one man, man · **What happens:** see, apply, do, have, hurt · **To what, where:** this, heart, work, sun, power, another This is Ecclesiastes 8:9 from Mova's open Bible corpus, the Tanakh in three languages (Ketuvim — the Writings). The page gives the verse in Hebrew as the Westminster Leningrad Codex has it, its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, built from MACULA Hebrew — and its pragmatics: who acts — I, one man, man — and what happens in the verse to this, heart, work, sun, power, another, read clause by clause by Mova's frames. Beside it stand the Aramaic of the Targum and the English of the Jewish Publication Society's 1917 translation, each English sentence with a tree of its own. It is one of the 12 chapters of Ecclesiastes on this site, all built by Mova itself from its own trees, with no large model in between. אֶת־כָּל־זֶ֤ה רָאִ֙יתִי֙ וְנָת֣וֹן אֶת־לִבִּ֔י לְכָֽל־מַעֲשֶׂ֔ה אֲשֶׁ֥ר נַעֲשָׂ֖ה תַּ֣חַת הַשָּׁ֑מֶשׁ עֵ֗ת אֲשֶׁ֨ר שָׁלַ֧ט הָאָדָ֛ם בְּאָדָ֖ם לְרַ֥ע לֽוֹ׃ [All this have I seen, even applied my heart thereto, whatever the work that is done under the sun; what time one man had power over another to his hurt.](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/ketuvim/jps/ECC.161/) ## The tree {#tree} Right to left, as the Hebrew is read; a prefix or suffix is a word of its own, and a line under the words joins those written as one. Under each word its part of speech and MACULA's English gloss. ```conllu rtl gloss # sent_id = wlc:ECC:151 # text = אֶת־כָּל־זֶ֤ה רָאִ֙יתִי֙ וְנָת֣וֹן אֶת־לִבִּ֔י לְכָֽל־מַעֲשֶׂ֔ה אֲשֶׁ֥ר נַעֲשָׂ֖ה תַּ֣חַת הַשָּׁ֑מֶשׁ עֵ֗ת אֲשֶׁ֨ר שָׁלַ֧ט הָאָדָ֛ם בְּאָדָ֖ם לְרַ֥ע לֽוֹ׃ # verse = ECC.8.9 1 אֶת־ אֵת ADP _ _ 2 case _ Gloss=(et)|Ref=ECC_8:9!1|MId=o210080090011|Strong=0853|Type=direct_object_marker|SpaceAfter=No 2 כָּל־ כֹּל NOUN _ Gender=Masc|Number=Sing 4 obj _ Gloss=all|Ref=ECC_8:9!2|MId=o210080090021|Strong=3605|SpaceAfter=No 3 זֶ֤ה זֶה DET _ Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|PronType=Dem 2 det _ Gloss=this|Ref=ECC_8:9!3|MId=o210080090031|Strong=2088|Type=demonstrative 4 רָאִ֙יתִי֙ רָאָה VERB _ Gender=Com|HebBinyan=QAL|Number=Sing|Person=1 0 root _ Gloss=I.have.seen|Ref=ECC_8:9!4|MId=o210080090041|Strong=7200|Frame=A0:210070270051;A1:210080090031;|Type=qatal 5-6 וְנָת֣וֹן _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 5 וְ וְ CCONJ _ _ 6 cc _ Gloss=and|Ref=ECC_8:9!5|MId=o210080090051|Strong=2050b 6 נָת֣וֹן נָתַן VERB _ HebBinyan=QAL 4 conj _ Gloss=I.have.given|Ref=ECC_8:9!5|MId=o210080090052|Strong=5414|Frame=A0:210070270051;A1:210080090071;|Type=infinitive_absolute 7 אֶת־ אֵת ADP _ _ 8 case _ Gloss=(et)|Ref=ECC_8:9!6|MId=o210080090061|Strong=0853|Type=direct_object_marker|SpaceAfter=No 8-9 לִבִּ֔י _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 8 לִבּ לֵב NOUN _ Gender=Masc|Number=Sing 6 obj _ Gloss=heart|Ref=ECC_8:9!7|MId=o210080090071|Strong=3820 9 ִ֔י הוּא PRON _ Gender=Com|Number=Sing|Person=1|PronType=Prs 8 nmod:poss _ Gloss=my|Ref=ECC_8:9!7|MId=o210080090072|Strong=2967a|Type=pronominal 10-11 לְכָֽל־ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 10 לְ לְ ADP _ _ 11 case _ Gloss=to|Ref=ECC_8:9!8|MId=o210080090081|Strong=3807a 11 כָֽל־ כֹּל NOUN _ Gender=Masc|Number=Sing 6 obl _ Gloss=every|Ref=ECC_8:9!8|MId=o210080090082|Strong=3605 12 מַעֲשֶׂ֔ה מַעֲשֶׂה NOUN _ Gender=Masc|Number=Sing 11 compound:smixut _ Gloss=deed|Ref=ECC_8:9!9|MId=o210080090091|Strong=4639 13 אֲשֶׁ֥ר אֲשֶׁר SCONJ _ _ 14 mark _ Gloss=which|Ref=ECC_8:9!10|MId=o210080090101|Strong=0834|Type=relative 14 נַעֲשָׂ֖ה עָשָׂה VERB _ Gender=Masc|HebBinyan=NIPHAL|Number=Sing|Person=3 11 acl:relcl _ Gloss=it.is.done|Ref=ECC_8:9!11|MId=o210080090111|Strong=6213|Frame=A1:210080090091;|Type=qatal 15 תַּ֣חַת תַּחַת NOUN _ _ 14 obl _ Gloss=under|Ref=ECC_8:9!12|MId=o210080090121|Strong=8478 16-17 הַשָּׁ֑מֶשׁ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 16 הַ הַ DET _ PronType=Art 17 det _ Gloss=the|Ref=ECC_8:9!13|MId=o210080090131|Strong=1886a|Type=definite_article 17 שָּׁ֑מֶשׁ שֶׁמֶשׁ NOUN _ Number=Sing 15 compound:smixut _ Gloss=sun|Ref=ECC_8:9!13|MId=o210080090132|Strong=8121 18 עֵ֗ת עֵת NOUN _ Number=Sing 4 parataxis _ Gloss=a.time|Ref=ECC_8:9!14|MId=o210080090141|Strong=6256 19 אֲשֶׁ֨ר אֲשֶׁר SCONJ _ _ 20 mark _ Gloss=when|Ref=ECC_8:9!15|MId=o210080090151|Strong=0834|Type=relative 20 שָׁלַ֧ט שָׁלַט VERB _ Gender=Masc|HebBinyan=QAL|Number=Sing|Person=3 18 acl:relcl _ Gloss=he.has.power|Ref=ECC_8:9!16|MId=o210080090161|Strong=7980|Frame=A0:210080090172;|Type=qatal 21-22 הָאָדָ֛ם _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 21 הָ הַ DET _ PronType=Art 22 det _ Gloss=(the)|Ref=ECC_8:9!17|MId=o210080090171|Strong=1886a|Type=definite_article 22 אָדָ֛ם אָדָם NOUN _ Gender=Masc|Number=Sing 20 nsubj _ Gloss=person|Ref=ECC_8:9!17|MId=o210080090172|Strong=0120 23-24 בְּאָדָ֖ם _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 23 בְּ בְּ ADP _ _ 24 case _ Gloss=over|Ref=ECC_8:9!18|MId=o210080090181|Strong=0871a 24 אָדָ֖ם אָדָם NOUN _ Gender=Masc|Number=Sing 20 obl _ Gloss=a.person|Ref=ECC_8:9!18|MId=o210080090182|Strong=0120 25-26 לְרַ֥ע _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 25 לְ לְ ADP _ _ 26 case _ Gloss=for|Ref=ECC_8:9!19|MId=o210080090191|Strong=3807a 26 רַ֥ע רַע ADJ _ Gender=Masc|Number=Sing 20 obl _ Gloss=harm|Ref=ECC_8:9!19|MId=o210080090192|Strong=7451|Type=adjective 27-28 לֽוֹ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 27 ל לְ ADP _ _ 28 case _ Gloss=|Ref=ECC_8:9!20|MId=o210080090201|Strong=3807a 28 ֽוֹ הוּא PRON _ Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs 26 nmod _ Gloss=his|Ref=ECC_8:9!20|MId=o210080090202|Strong=2050c|Type=pronominal 29 ׃ ׃ PUNCT _ _ 28 punct _ Ref=ECC_8:9!20 ``` ## Pragmatics {#pragmatics} - form: statement - act: assert - voice: character - speech: inside a quote begun earlier - negation: no | verb | form · stem | who (A0) | what, whom (A1) | to whom, further (A2) | who makes it happen (AA) | | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | | רָאִיתִי *I have seen* | qatal · qal | | זֶה *this* | | | | נָתוֹן *I have given* | infinitive absolute · qal | | לִבּ *heart* | | | | נַעֲשָׂה *it is done* | qatal · niphal | | מַעֲשֶׂה *deed* | | | | שָׁלַט *he has power* | qatal · qal | אָדָם *person* | | | | MACULA's semantic frames: for each verb the head word of each participant. A0 is the one who acts, A1 what the act is done to or is about, A2 a further participant; AA, with a causative verb, the one who makes it happen. ## The Targum {#onkelos} יָת כָּל דֵּין חֲזֵית דִי הֲוָה בְּעַלְמָא וִיהָבִית יָת לְבָבִי לְמִדַּע יָת כָּל עוֹבָדָא דְּאִתְעֲבִיד בְּעַלְמָא תְּחוֹת שִׁמְשָׁא בְּעִדָּן דִי יִשְׁלוֹט אֱנָשׁ בֶּאֱנָשׁ לְאַבְאָשָׁא לֵיהּ: The Aramaic translation read beside the Hebrew. Text only: Mova has no Aramaic parser yet. ## English, JPS 1917 {#english} Each sentence on its own page, with its tree and pragmatics. A sentence that runs on into the next verse is listed under the verse it begins in. 1. [All this have I seen, even applied my heart thereto, whatever the work that is done under the sun; what time one man had power over another to his hurt.](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/ketuvim/jps/ECC.161/) **Hebrew text:** Westminster Leningrad Codex, public domain. **Tree, glosses and frames:** MACULA Hebrew Linguistic Datasets, available at [github.com/Clear-Bible/macula-hebrew](https://github.com/Clear-Bible/macula-hebrew/), [CC BY 4.0](https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/); converted to Universal Dependencies by Mova (words in text order, a prefix its own word). **Speech act:** Mova's rules on the MACULA words (`macula prag`). **Targum:** Onkelos (Torat Emet), Jonathan and the Writings (Mikraot Gedolot), from Sefaria, public domain. **English:** JPS 1917, public domain; trees and speech acts by Mova's cycle, frames by Mova's reader (Elamur Cosmic License). Hebrew sentence `wlc:ECC:151`. - ← previous: [Ecclesiastes 8:8](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/ketuvim/ECC.8.8/) - next →: [Ecclesiastes 8:10](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/ketuvim/ECC.8.10/) - ↑ back to [Ecclesiastes 8](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/ketuvim/ECC/8/)