--- title: Ecclesiastes 9:11 — I returned, and saw under the sun, that the race is not to the swift… · Hebrew, tree and pragmatics description: I returned, and saw under the sun, that the race is not to the swift, nor the battle to the strong, neither yet bread to the wise, nor yet riches to men of understanding, nor yet favour to men of skill; but time and chance happeneth to them all. Who acts: I, race, time. Ecclesiastes 9:11 in Hebrew w --- [Mova](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) · [this page in HTML](https://mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/ketuvim/ECC.9.11/) [home](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) / [corpora](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/) / [Tanakh](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/tanakh/) / [Ketuvim](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/ketuvim/) / [Ecclesiastes](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/ketuvim/ECC/) / [chapter 9](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/ketuvim/ECC/9/) / 9:11 # Ecclesiastes 9:11 קֹהֶלֶת **Who acts:** I, race, time · **What happens:** return, see, not be, happen · **To what, where:** sun, riches · **Speech:** someone speaks in this verse This is Ecclesiastes 9:11 from Mova's open Bible corpus, the Tanakh in three languages (Ketuvim — the Writings). The page gives the verse in Hebrew as the Westminster Leningrad Codex has it, its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, built from MACULA Hebrew — and its pragmatics: who acts — I, race, time — and what happens in the verse to sun, riches, read clause by clause by Mova's frames. Beside it stand the Aramaic of the Targum and the English of the Jewish Publication Society's 1917 translation, each English sentence with a tree of its own. It is one of the 12 chapters of Ecclesiastes on this site, all built by Mova itself from its own trees, with no large model in between. שַׁ֜בְתִּי וְרָאֹ֣ה תַֽחַת־הַשֶּׁ֗מֶשׁ כִּ֣י לֹא֩ לַקַּלִּ֨ים הַמֵּר֜וֹץ וְלֹ֧א לַגִּבּוֹרִ֣ים הַמִּלְחָמָ֗ה וְ֠גַם לֹ֣א לַחֲכָמִ֥ים לֶ֙חֶם֙ וְגַ֨ם לֹ֤א לַנְּבֹנִים֙ עֹ֔שֶׁר וְגַ֛ם לֹ֥א לַיֹּדְעִ֖ים חֵ֑ן כִּי־עֵ֥ת וָפֶ֖גַע יִקְרֶ֥ה אֶת־כֻּלָּֽם׃ [I returned, and saw under the sun, that the race is not to the swift, nor the battle to the strong, neither yet bread to the wise, nor yet riches to men of understanding, nor yet favour to men of skill; but time and chance happeneth to them all.](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/ketuvim/jps/ECC.180/) ## The tree {#tree} Right to left, as the Hebrew is read; a prefix or suffix is a word of its own, and a line under the words joins those written as one. Under each word its part of speech and MACULA's English gloss. ```conllu rtl gloss # sent_id = wlc:ECC:170 # text = שַׁ֜בְתִּי וְרָאֹ֣ה תַֽחַת־הַשֶּׁ֗מֶשׁ כִּ֣י לֹא֩ לַקַּלִּ֨ים הַמֵּר֜וֹץ וְלֹ֧א לַגִּבּוֹרִ֣ים הַמִּלְחָמָ֗ה וְ֠גַם לֹ֣א לַחֲכָמִ֥ים לֶ֙חֶם֙ וְגַ֨ם לֹ֤א לַנְּבֹנִים֙ עֹ֔שֶׁר וְגַ֛ם לֹ֥א לַיֹּדְעִ֖ים חֵ֑ן כִּי־עֵ֥ת וָפֶ֖גַע יִקְרֶ֥ה אֶת־כֻּלָּֽם׃ # verse = ECC.9.11 1 שַׁ֜בְתִּי שׁוּב VERB _ Gender=Com|HebBinyan=QAL|Number=Sing|Person=1 0 root _ Gloss=I.returned|Ref=ECC_9:11!1|MId=o210090110011|Strong=7725|Frame=A0:210070270051;|Type=qatal 2-3 וְרָאֹ֣ה _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 2 וְ וְ CCONJ _ _ 3 cc _ Gloss=and|Ref=ECC_9:11!2|MId=o210090110021|Strong=2050b 3 רָאֹ֣ה רָאָה VERB _ HebBinyan=QAL 1 conj _ Gloss=I.saw|Ref=ECC_9:11!2|MId=o210090110022|Strong=7200|Frame=A0:210070270051;A1:210090110073;210090110103;210090110143;210090110183;210090110223;|Type=infinitive_absolute 4 תַֽחַת־ תַּחַת NOUN _ _ 3 obl _ Gloss=under|Ref=ECC_9:11!3|MId=o210090110031|Strong=8478|SpaceAfter=No 5-6 הַשֶּׁ֗מֶשׁ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 5 הַ הַ DET _ PronType=Art 6 det _ Gloss=the|Ref=ECC_9:11!4|MId=o210090110041|Strong=1886a|Type=definite_article 6 שֶּׁ֗מֶשׁ שֶׁמֶשׁ NOUN _ Number=Sing 4 compound:smixut _ Gloss=sun|Ref=ECC_9:11!4|MId=o210090110042|Strong=8121 7 כִּ֣י כִּי SCONJ _ _ 11 mark _ Gloss=(dm).that|Ref=ECC_9:11!5|MId=o210090110051|Strong=3588 8 לֹא֩ לֹא ADV _ _ 11 advmod _ Gloss=not|Ref=ECC_9:11!6|MId=o210090110061|Strong=3808|Type=negative 9-11 לַקַּלִּ֨ים _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 9 לַ לְ ADP _ _ 11 case _ Gloss=[belongs].to|Ref=ECC_9:11!7|MId=o210090110071|Strong=3807a 10 ה הַ DET _ PronType=Art 11 det _ Gloss=the.swift|Ref=ECC_9:11!7|MId=o210090110071ה|Strong=1886a|Type=definite_article 11 קַּלִּ֨ים קַל ADJ _ Gender=Masc|Number=Plur 3 ccomp _ Gloss=[ones]|Ref=ECC_9:11!7|MId=o210090110072|Strong=7031|Type=adjective 12-13 הַמֵּר֜וֹץ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 12 הַ הַ DET _ PronType=Art 13 det _ Gloss=the|Ref=ECC_9:11!8|MId=o210090110081|Strong=1886a|Type=definite_article 13 מֵּר֜וֹץ מֵרוֹץ NOUN _ Gender=Masc|Number=Sing 11 nsubj _ Gloss=race|Ref=ECC_9:11!8|MId=o210090110082|Strong=4793 14-15 וְלֹ֧א _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 14 וְ וְ CCONJ _ _ 18 cc _ Gloss=and|Ref=ECC_9:11!9|MId=o210090110091|Strong=2050b 15 לֹ֧א לֹא ADV _ _ 18 advmod _ Gloss=not|Ref=ECC_9:11!9|MId=o210090110092|Strong=3808|Type=negative 16-18 לַגִּבּוֹרִ֣ים _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 16 לַ לְ ADP _ _ 18 case _ Gloss=[belongs].to|Ref=ECC_9:11!10|MId=o210090110101|Strong=3807a 17 ה הַ DET _ PronType=Art 18 det _ Gloss=the.mighty|Ref=ECC_9:11!10|MId=o210090110101ה|Strong=1886a|Type=definite_article 18 גִּבּוֹרִ֣ים גִּבּוֹר ADJ _ Gender=Masc|Number=Plur 11 conj _ Gloss=[men]|Ref=ECC_9:11!10|MId=o210090110102|Strong=1368|Type=adjective 19-20 הַמִּלְחָמָ֗ה _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 19 הַ הַ DET _ PronType=Art 20 det _ Gloss=the|Ref=ECC_9:11!11|MId=o210090110111|Strong=1886a|Type=definite_article 20 מִּלְחָמָ֗ה מִלְחָמָה NOUN _ Gender=Fem|Number=Sing 18 nsubj _ Gloss=battle|Ref=ECC_9:11!11|MId=o210090110112|Strong=4421 21-22 וְ֠גַם _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 21 וְ֠ וְ CCONJ _ _ 26 cc _ Gloss=and|Ref=ECC_9:11!12|MId=o210090110121|Strong=2050b 22 גַם גַּם ADV _ _ 26 advmod _ Gloss=also|Ref=ECC_9:11!12|MId=o210090110122|Strong=1571|Type=affirmation 23 לֹ֣א לֹא ADV _ _ 26 advmod _ Gloss=not|Ref=ECC_9:11!13|MId=o210090110131|Strong=3808|Type=negative 24-26 לַחֲכָמִ֥ים _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 24 לַ לְ ADP _ _ 26 case _ Gloss=[belongs].to|Ref=ECC_9:11!14|MId=o210090110141|Strong=3807a 25 ה הַ DET _ PronType=Art 26 det _ Gloss=wise|Ref=ECC_9:11!14|MId=o210090110141ה|Strong=1886a|Type=definite_article 26 חֲכָמִ֥ים חָכָם ADJ _ Gender=Masc|Number=Plur 11 conj _ Gloss=[people]|Ref=ECC_9:11!14|MId=o210090110142|Strong=2450|Type=adjective 27 לֶ֙חֶם֙ לֶחֶם NOUN _ Number=Sing 26 nsubj _ Gloss=food|Ref=ECC_9:11!15|MId=o210090110151|Strong=3899 28-29 וְגַ֨ם _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 28 וְ וְ CCONJ _ _ 33 cc _ Gloss=and|Ref=ECC_9:11!16|MId=o210090110161|Strong=2050b 29 גַ֨ם גַּם ADV _ _ 33 advmod _ Gloss=also|Ref=ECC_9:11!16|MId=o210090110162|Strong=1571|Type=affirmation 30 לֹ֤א לֹא ADV _ _ 33 advmod _ Gloss=not|Ref=ECC_9:11!17|MId=o210090110171|Strong=3808|Type=negative 31-33 לַנְּבֹנִים֙ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 31 לַ לְ ADP _ _ 33 case _ Gloss=[belongs].to|Ref=ECC_9:11!18|MId=o210090110181|Strong=3807a 32 ה הַ SCONJ _ _ 33 mark _ Gloss=[one|Ref=ECC_9:11!18|MId=o210090110181ה|Strong=1886a|Type=definite_article 33 נְּבֹנִים֙ בִּין VERB _ Gender=Masc|HebBinyan=NIPHAL|Number=Plur 11 conj _ Gloss=who].has.understanding|Ref=ECC_9:11!18|MId=o210090110182|Strong=0995|Type=participle_active 34 עֹ֔שֶׁר עֹשֶׁר NOUN _ Gender=Masc|Number=Sing 33 nsubj _ Gloss=wealth|Ref=ECC_9:11!19|MId=o210090110191|Strong=6239 35-36 וְגַ֛ם _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 35 וְ וְ CCONJ _ _ 40 cc _ Gloss=and|Ref=ECC_9:11!20|MId=o210090110201|Strong=2050b 36 גַ֛ם גַּם ADV _ _ 40 advmod _ Gloss=also|Ref=ECC_9:11!20|MId=o210090110202|Strong=1571|Type=affirmation 37 לֹ֥א לֹא ADV _ _ 40 advmod _ Gloss=not|Ref=ECC_9:11!21|MId=o210090110211|Strong=3808|Type=negative 38-40 לַיֹּדְעִ֖ים _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 38 לַ לְ ADP _ _ 40 case _ Gloss=[belongs].to|Ref=ECC_9:11!22|MId=o210090110221|Strong=3807a 39 ה הַ SCONJ _ _ 40 mark _ Gloss=[one|Ref=ECC_9:11!22|MId=o210090110221ה|Strong=1886a|Type=definite_article 40 יֹּדְעִ֖ים יָדַע VERB _ Gender=Masc|HebBinyan=QAL|Number=Plur 11 conj _ Gloss=who].has.knowledge|Ref=ECC_9:11!22|MId=o210090110222|Strong=3045|Type=participle_active 41 חֵ֑ן חֵן NOUN _ Gender=Masc|Number=Sing 40 nsubj _ Gloss=favor|Ref=ECC_9:11!23|MId=o210090110231|Strong=2580 42 כִּי־ כִּי SCONJ _ _ 46 mark _ Gloss=(dm)|Ref=ECC_9:11!24|MId=o210090110241|Strong=3588|SpaceAfter=No 43 עֵ֥ת עֵת NOUN _ Number=Sing 46 nsubj _ Gloss=time|Ref=ECC_9:11!25|MId=o210090110251|Strong=6256 44-45 וָפֶ֖גַע _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 44 וָ וְ CCONJ _ _ 45 cc _ Gloss=and|Ref=ECC_9:11!26|MId=o210090110261|Strong=2050b 45 פֶ֖גַע פֶּגַע NOUN _ Gender=Masc|Number=Sing 43 conj _ Gloss=chance|Ref=ECC_9:11!26|MId=o210090110262|Strong=6294 46 יִקְרֶ֥ה קָרָה VERB _ Gender=Masc|HebBinyan=QAL|Number=Sing|Person=3 1 advcl _ Gloss=it.happens.to|Ref=ECC_9:11!27|MId=o210090110271|Strong=7136|Frame=A0:210090110251;210090110262;A1:210090110292;|Type=yiqtol 47 אֶת־ אֵת ADP _ _ 48 case _ Gloss=(et)|Ref=ECC_9:11!28|MId=o210090110281|Strong=0853|Type=direct_object_marker|SpaceAfter=No 48-49 כֻּלָּֽם _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 48 כֻּלּ כֹּל NOUN _ Gender=Masc|Number=Sing 46 obj _ Gloss=of.them|Ref=ECC_9:11!29|MId=o210090110291|Strong=3605 49 ָֽם הוּא PRON _ Gender=Masc|Number=Plur|Person=3|PronType=Prs 48 nmod:poss _ Gloss=all|Ref=ECC_9:11!29|MId=o210090110292|Strong=3963a|Type=pronominal 50 ׃ ׃ PUNCT _ _ 49 punct _ Ref=ECC_9:11!29 ``` ## Pragmatics {#pragmatics} - form: statement - act: assert - voice: character - speech: inside a quote begun earlier - negation: yes | verb | form · stem | who (A0) | what, whom (A1) | to whom, further (A2) | who makes it happen (AA) | | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | | שַׁבְתִּי *I returned* | qatal · qal | | | | | | רָאֹה *I saw* | infinitive absolute · qal | | | | | | יִקְרֶה *it happens to* | yiqtol · qal | עֵת *time* + פֶגַע *chance* | ָֽם *all* | | | MACULA's semantic frames: for each verb the head word of each participant. A0 is the one who acts, A1 what the act is done to or is about, A2 a further participant; AA, with a causative verb, the one who makes it happen. ## The Targum {#onkelos} אֲמַר שְׁלֹמֹה מַלְכָּא כַּד הֲוֵיתִי יָתִיב עַל כּוּרְסֵי מַלְכוּתִי אִסְתַּכָּלִית וַחֲזִית בְּעַלְמָא הָדֵין תְּחוֹת שִׁמְשָׁא אֲרוּם לָא גּוּבְרִין דְּאִנּוּן קַלִּילִין כְּנִשְׁרִין מִסְתַּיְּיעָן לְמִרְהַט לְאִשְׁתֵּיזָבָא מִן מוֹתָא בִּקְרָבָא וְלָא גִּבָּרַיָּא מִסְתַּיְּעִין בַּאֲגָחוּתְהוֹן קְרָבָא בִּגְבוּרָתֵיהוֹן וְאַף לָא חַכִּימַיָּא מִסְתַּיְּעִין בְּחוּכְמַתְהוֹן לְמִסְבַּע לַחְמָא בְּעִדָּן כַּפְנָא וְאַף לָא סוּכְלְתָנִין מִסְתַּיְּעִין בְּסוּכְלְתָנוּתְהוֹן לְמִכְנוֹשׁ עַתְרָא וְאַף לָא יָדְעֵי בִּינָה מִסְתַּיְּעִין בְּמַנְדָּעוּתְהוֹן לְמִשְׁכַּח רַחֲמִין בְּעֵינֵי מַלְכָּא אֲרוּם עִדָּן וְעַרְעִיתָא בְּמַזָּלֵיהוֹן יֶעְרַע יָת כּוּלְּהוֹן: The Aramaic translation read beside the Hebrew. Text only: Mova has no Aramaic parser yet. ## English, JPS 1917 {#english} Each sentence on its own page, with its tree and pragmatics. A sentence that runs on into the next verse is listed under the verse it begins in. 1. [I returned, and saw under the sun, that the race is not to the swift, nor the battle to the strong, neither yet bread to the wise, nor yet riches to men of understanding, nor yet favour to men of skill; but time and chance happeneth to them all.](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/ketuvim/jps/ECC.180/) **Hebrew text:** Westminster Leningrad Codex, public domain. **Tree, glosses and frames:** MACULA Hebrew Linguistic Datasets, available at [github.com/Clear-Bible/macula-hebrew](https://github.com/Clear-Bible/macula-hebrew/), [CC BY 4.0](https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/); converted to Universal Dependencies by Mova (words in text order, a prefix its own word). **Speech act:** Mova's rules on the MACULA words (`macula prag`). **Targum:** Onkelos (Torat Emet), Jonathan and the Writings (Mikraot Gedolot), from Sefaria, public domain. **English:** JPS 1917, public domain; trees and speech acts by Mova's cycle, frames by Mova's reader (Elamur Cosmic License). Hebrew sentence `wlc:ECC:170`. - ← previous: [Ecclesiastes 9:10](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/ketuvim/ECC.9.10/) - next →: [Ecclesiastes 9:12](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/ketuvim/ECC.9.12/) - ↑ back to [Ecclesiastes 9](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/ketuvim/ECC/9/)