--- title: Ecclesiastes 9:4 — For to him that is joined to all the living there is hope; for a liv… · Hebrew, tree and pragmatics description: For to him that is joined to all the living there is hope; for a living dog is better than a dead lion. Who acts: hope, living dog. Ecclesiastes 9:4 in Hebrew with its dependency tree, the Targum, JPS 1917 and the pragmatics of every clause. --- [Mova](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) · [this page in HTML](https://mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/ketuvim/ECC.9.4/) [home](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) / [corpora](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/) / [Tanakh](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/tanakh/) / [Ketuvim](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/ketuvim/) / [Ecclesiastes](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/ketuvim/ECC/) / [chapter 9](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/ketuvim/ECC/9/) / 9:4 # Ecclesiastes 9:4 קֹהֶלֶת **Who acts:** hope, living dog · **What happens:** join, be · **To what, where:** man This is Ecclesiastes 9:4 from Mova's open Bible corpus, the Tanakh in three languages (Ketuvim — the Writings). The page gives the verse in Hebrew as the Westminster Leningrad Codex has it, its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, built from MACULA Hebrew — and its pragmatics: who acts — hope, living dog — and what happens in the verse to man, read clause by clause by Mova's frames. Beside it stand the Aramaic of the Targum and the English of the Jewish Publication Society's 1917 translation, each English sentence with a tree of its own. It is one of the 12 chapters of Ecclesiastes on this site, all built by Mova itself from its own trees, with no large model in between. כִּי־מִי֙ אֲשֶׁ֣ר יְחֻבַּ֔ר אֶ֥ל כָּל־הַחַיִּ֖ים יֵ֣שׁ בִּטָּח֑וֹן כִּֽי־לְכֶ֤לֶב חַי֙ ה֣וּא ט֔וֹב מִן־הָאַרְיֵ֖ה הַמֵּֽת׃ [For to him that is joined to all the living there is hope; for a living dog is better than a dead lion.](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/ketuvim/jps/ECC.173/) ## The tree {#tree} Right to left, as the Hebrew is read; a prefix or suffix is a word of its own, and a line under the words joins those written as one. Under each word its part of speech and MACULA's English gloss. ```conllu rtl gloss # sent_id = wlc:ECC:163 # text = כִּי־מִי֙ אֲשֶׁ֣ר יְחֻבַּ֔ר אֶ֥ל כָּל־הַחַיִּ֖ים יֵ֣שׁ בִּטָּח֑וֹן כִּֽי־לְכֶ֤לֶב חַי֙ ה֣וּא ט֔וֹב מִן־הָאַרְיֵ֖ה הַמֵּֽת׃ # verse = ECC.9.4 1 כִּי־ כִּי SCONJ _ _ 9 mark _ Gloss=(dm)|Ref=ECC_9:4!1|MId=o210090040011|Strong=3588|SpaceAfter=No 2 מִי֙ מִי PRON _ PronType=Int 9 dislocated _ Gloss=who?|Ref=ECC_9:4!2|MId=o210090040021|Strong=4310|Type=interrogative 3 אֲשֶׁ֣ר אֲשֶׁר SCONJ _ _ 4 mark _ Gloss=[is.the.one].who|Ref=ECC_9:4!3|MId=o210090040031|Strong=0834|Type=relative 4 יְחֻבַּ֔ר חָבַר VERB _ Gender=Masc|HebBinyan=PUAL|Number=Sing|Person=3 2 acl:relcl _ Gloss=he.is.united|Ref=ECC_9:4!5|MId=o210090040051|Strong=2266|Frame=A1:210090040021;|Type=yiqtol 5 אֶ֥ל אֶל ADP _ _ 6 case _ Gloss=to|Ref=ECC_9:4!6|MId=o210090040061|Strong=0413 6 כָּל־ כֹּל NOUN _ Gender=Masc|Number=Sing 4 obl _ Gloss=all|Ref=ECC_9:4!7|MId=o210090040071|Strong=3605|SpaceAfter=No 7-8 הַחַיִּ֖ים _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 7 הַ הַ DET _ PronType=Art 8 det _ Gloss=the|Ref=ECC_9:4!8|MId=o210090040081|Strong=1886a|Type=definite_article 8 חַיִּ֖ים חַי NOUN _ Gender=Masc|Number=Plur 6 compound:smixut _ Gloss=living|Ref=ECC_9:4!8|MId=o210090040082|Strong=2416|Type=adjective 9 יֵ֣שׁ יֵשׁ ADV _ _ 0 root _ Gloss=there.[is]|Ref=ECC_9:4!9|MId=o210090040091|Strong=3426|Type=demonstrative 10 בִּטָּח֑וֹן בִּטָּחוֹן NOUN _ Gender=Masc|Number=Sing 9 nsubj _ Gloss=hope|Ref=ECC_9:4!10|MId=o210090040101|Strong=0986 11 כִּֽי־ כִּי SCONJ _ _ 16 mark _ Gloss=(dm)|Ref=ECC_9:4!11|MId=o210090040111|Strong=3588|SpaceAfter=No 12-13 לְכֶ֤לֶב _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 12 לְ לְ ADP _ _ 13 case _ Gloss=to|Ref=ECC_9:4!12|MId=o210090040121|Strong=3807a 13 כֶ֤לֶב כֶּלֶב NOUN _ Gender=Masc|Number=Sing 16 dislocated _ Gloss=a.dog|Ref=ECC_9:4!12|MId=o210090040122|Strong=3611 14 חַי֙ חַי ADJ _ Gender=Masc|Number=Sing 13 amod _ Gloss=living|Ref=ECC_9:4!13|MId=o210090040131|Strong=2416a|Type=adjective 15 ה֣וּא הוּא PRON _ Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs 16 nsubj _ Gloss=it|Ref=ECC_9:4!14|MId=o210090040141|Strong=1931|Type=personal 16 ט֔וֹב טוֹב ADJ _ Gender=Masc|Number=Sing 9 advcl _ Gloss=[is].good|Ref=ECC_9:4!15|MId=o210090040151|Strong=2896|Type=adjective 17 מִן־ מִן ADP _ _ 19 case _ Gloss=more.than|Ref=ECC_9:4!16|MId=o210090040161|Strong=4480|SpaceAfter=No 18-19 הָאַרְיֵ֖ה _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 18 הָ הַ DET _ PronType=Art 19 det _ Gloss=the|Ref=ECC_9:4!17|MId=o210090040171|Strong=1886a|Type=definite_article 19 אַרְיֵ֖ה אַרְיֵה NOUN _ Gender=Masc|Number=Sing 16 obl _ Gloss=lion|Ref=ECC_9:4!17|MId=o210090040172|Strong=0738a 20-21 הַמֵּֽת _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 20 הַ הַ SCONJ _ _ 21 mark _ Gloss=(the)|Ref=ECC_9:4!18|MId=o210090040181|Strong=1886a|Type=definite_article 21 מֵּֽת מוּת VERB _ Gender=Masc|HebBinyan=QAL|Number=Sing 19 acl:relcl _ Gloss=dead|Ref=ECC_9:4!18|MId=o210090040182|Strong=4191|Frame=A0:210090040172;|Type=participle_active 22 ׃ ׃ PUNCT _ _ 21 punct _ Ref=ECC_9:4!18 ``` ## Pragmatics {#pragmatics} - form: wh-question - act: ask - voice: character - speech: inside a quote begun earlier - negation: no | verb | form · stem | who (A0) | what, whom (A1) | to whom, further (A2) | who makes it happen (AA) | | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | | יְחֻבַּר *he is united* | yiqtol · pual | | מִי *who?* | | | | מֵּֽת *dead* | participle active · qal | אַרְיֵה *lion* | | | | MACULA's semantic frames: for each verb the head word of each participant. A0 is the one who acts, A1 what the act is done to or is about, A2 a further participant; AA, with a causative verb, the one who makes it happen. ## The Targum {#onkelos} אֲרוּם מַן גַבְרָא דִי אִתְחַבָּר לְכָל פִּתְגָמֵי אוֹרַיְתָא וּלְמִקְנֵי חַיֵי עַלְמָא דְּאָתֵי אִית לֵיהּ סְבַר אֲרוּם כַּלְבָּא חַיָא הוּא טָב מִן אַרְיָא דִי הוּא מִית: The Aramaic translation read beside the Hebrew. Text only: Mova has no Aramaic parser yet. ## English, JPS 1917 {#english} Each sentence on its own page, with its tree and pragmatics. A sentence that runs on into the next verse is listed under the verse it begins in. 1. [For to him that is joined to all the living there is hope; for a living dog is better than a dead lion.](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/ketuvim/jps/ECC.173/) **Hebrew text:** Westminster Leningrad Codex, public domain. **Tree, glosses and frames:** MACULA Hebrew Linguistic Datasets, available at [github.com/Clear-Bible/macula-hebrew](https://github.com/Clear-Bible/macula-hebrew/), [CC BY 4.0](https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/); converted to Universal Dependencies by Mova (words in text order, a prefix its own word). **Speech act:** Mova's rules on the MACULA words (`macula prag`). **Targum:** Onkelos (Torat Emet), Jonathan and the Writings (Mikraot Gedolot), from Sefaria, public domain. **English:** JPS 1917, public domain; trees and speech acts by Mova's cycle, frames by Mova's reader (Elamur Cosmic License). Hebrew sentence `wlc:ECC:163`. - ← previous: [Ecclesiastes 9:3](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/ketuvim/ECC.9.3/) - next →: [Ecclesiastes 9:5](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/ketuvim/ECC.9.5/) - ↑ back to [Ecclesiastes 9](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/ketuvim/ECC/9/)