--- title: Esther 1:13 — Then the king said to the wise men, who knew the times — for so was… · Hebrew, tree and pragmatics description: Then the king said to the wise men, who knew the times — for so was the king's manner toward all that knew law and judgment; Who acts: king, wise men. Esther 1:13 in Hebrew with its dependency tree, the Targum, JPS 1917 and the pragmatics of every clause. --- [Mova](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) · [this page in HTML](https://mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/ketuvim/EST.1.13/) [home](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) / [corpora](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/) / [Tanakh](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/tanakh/) / [Ketuvim](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/ketuvim/) / [Esther](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/ketuvim/EST/) / [chapter 1](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/ketuvim/EST/1/) / 1:13 # Esther 1:13 אֶסְתֵּר **Who acts:** king, wise men · **What happens:** say, know, be · **To what, where:** wise men, manner, law · **Speech:** someone speaks in this verse This is Esther 1:13 from Mova's open Bible corpus, the Tanakh in three languages (Ketuvim — the Writings). The page gives the verse in Hebrew as the Westminster Leningrad Codex has it, its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, built from MACULA Hebrew — and its pragmatics: who acts — king, wise men — and what happens in the verse to wise men, manner, law, read clause by clause by Mova's frames. Beside it stand the Aramaic of the Targum and the English of the Jewish Publication Society's 1917 translation, each English sentence with a tree of its own. It is one of the 10 chapters of Esther on this site, all built by Mova itself from its own trees, with no large model in between. וַיֹּ֣אמֶר הַמֶּ֔לֶךְ לַחֲכָמִ֖ים יֹדְעֵ֣י הָֽעִתִּ֑ים כִּי־כֵן֙ דְּבַ֣ר הַמֶּ֔לֶךְ לִפְנֵ֕י כָּל־יֹדְעֵ֖י דָּ֥ת וָדִֽין׃ [Then the king said to the wise men, who knew the times — for so was the king's manner toward all that knew law and judgment;](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/ketuvim/jps/EST.12/) ## The tree {#tree} Right to left, as the Hebrew is read; a prefix or suffix is a word of its own, and a line under the words joins those written as one. Under each word its part of speech and MACULA's English gloss. ```conllu rtl gloss # sent_id = wlc:EST:12 # text = וַיֹּ֣אמֶר הַמֶּ֔לֶךְ לַחֲכָמִ֖ים יֹדְעֵ֣י הָֽעִתִּ֑ים כִּי־כֵן֙ דְּבַ֣ר הַמֶּ֔לֶךְ לִפְנֵ֕י כָּל־יֹדְעֵ֖י דָּ֥ת וָדִֽין׃ # verse = EST.1.13 1-2 וַיֹּ֣אמֶר _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 1 וַ וְ CCONJ _ _ 2 cc _ Gloss=and|Ref=EST_1:13!1|MId=o170010130011|Strong=2050b 2 יֹּ֣אמֶר אָמַר VERB _ Gender=Masc|HebBinyan=QAL|Number=Sing|Person=3 0 root _ Gloss=he.said|Ref=EST_1:13!1|MId=o170010130012|Strong=0559|Frame=A0:170010130022;|Type=wayyiqtol 3-4 הַמֶּ֔לֶךְ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 3 הַ הַ DET _ PronType=Art 4 det _ Gloss=the|Ref=EST_1:13!2|MId=o170010130021|Strong=1886a|Type=definite_article 4 מֶּ֔לֶךְ מֶלֶךְ NOUN _ Gender=Masc|Number=Sing 2 nsubj _ Gloss=king|Ref=EST_1:13!2|MId=o170010130022|Strong=4428 5-7 לַחֲכָמִ֖ים _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 5 לַ לְ ADP _ _ 7 case _ Gloss=to|Ref=EST_1:13!3|MId=o170010130031|Strong=3807a 6 ה הַ DET _ PronType=Art 7 det _ Gloss=wise|Ref=EST_1:13!3|MId=o170010130031ה|Strong=1886a|Type=definite_article 7 חֲכָמִ֖ים חָכָם ADJ _ Gender=Masc|Number=Plur 2 obl _ Gloss=men|Ref=EST_1:13!3|MId=o170010130032|Strong=2450|Type=adjective 8 יֹדְעֵ֣י יָדַע VERB _ Gender=Masc|HebBinyan=QAL|Number=Plur 7 appos _ Gloss=[who].knew|Ref=EST_1:13!4|MId=o170010130041|Strong=3045|Frame=A0:170010130033;A1:170010130052;|Type=participle_active 9-10 הָֽעִתִּ֑ים _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 9 הָֽ הַ DET _ PronType=Art 10 det _ Gloss=(of).the|Ref=EST_1:13!5|MId=o170010130051|Strong=1886a|Type=definite_article 10 עִתִּ֑ים עֵת NOUN _ Number=Plur 8 compound:smixut _ Gloss=times|Ref=EST_1:13!5|MId=o170010130052|Strong=6256 11 כִּי־ כִּי SCONJ _ _ 12 mark _ Gloss=(dm)|Ref=EST_1:13!6|MId=o170010130061|Strong=3588|SpaceAfter=No 12 כֵן֙ כֵּן ADV _ _ 2 advcl _ Gloss=[was].thus|Ref=EST_1:13!7|MId=o170010130071|Strong=3651 13 דְּבַ֣ר דָּבָר NOUN _ Gender=Masc|Number=Sing 12 nsubj _ Gloss=the.manner|Ref=EST_1:13!8|MId=o170010130081|Strong=1697 14-15 הַמֶּ֔לֶךְ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 14 הַ הַ DET _ PronType=Art 15 det _ Gloss=of|Ref=EST_1:13!9|MId=o170010130091|Strong=1886a|Type=definite_article 15 מֶּ֔לֶךְ מֶלֶךְ NOUN _ Gender=Masc|Number=Sing 13 compound:smixut _ Gloss=the.king|Ref=EST_1:13!9|MId=o170010130092|Strong=4428 16-17 לִפְנֵ֕י _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 16 לִ לְ ADP _ _ 17 case _ Gloss=before|Ref=EST_1:13!10|MId=o170010130101|Strong=3807a 17 פְנֵ֕י פָּנֶה NOUN _ Number=Plur 12 obl _ Gloss=|Ref=EST_1:13!10|MId=o170010130102|Strong=6440 18 כָּל־ כֹּל NOUN _ Gender=Masc|Number=Sing 17 compound:smixut _ Gloss=all|Ref=EST_1:13!11|MId=o170010130111|Strong=3605|SpaceAfter=No 19 יֹדְעֵ֖י יָדַע VERB _ Gender=Masc|HebBinyan=QAL|Number=Plur 18 compound:smixut _ Gloss=[those.who].knew|Ref=EST_1:13!12|MId=o170010130121|Strong=3045|Frame=A1:170010130131;170010130142;|Type=participle_active 20 דָּ֥ת דָּת NOUN _ Gender=Fem|Number=Sing 19 compound:smixut _ Gloss=(of).law|Ref=EST_1:13!13|MId=o170010130131|Strong=1881 21-22 וָדִֽין _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 21 וָ וְ CCONJ _ _ 22 cc _ Gloss=and|Ref=EST_1:13!14|MId=o170010130141|Strong=2050b 22 דִֽין דִּין NOUN _ Gender=Masc|Number=Sing 20 conj _ Gloss=judgment|Ref=EST_1:13!14|MId=o170010130142|Strong=1779 23 ׃ ׃ PUNCT _ _ 22 punct _ Ref=EST_1:13!14 ``` ## Pragmatics {#pragmatics} - form: statement - act: narrate - voice: narrator - speech: narration - negation: no | verb | form · stem | who (A0) | what, whom (A1) | to whom, further (A2) | who makes it happen (AA) | | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | | יֹּאמֶר *he said* | wayyiqtol · qal | מֶּלֶךְ *king* | | | | | יֹדְעֵי *\[who\] knew* | participle active · qal | | עִתִּים *times* | | | | יֹדְעֵי *\[those who\] knew* | participle active · qal | | דָּת *(of) law* + דִֽין *judgment* | | | MACULA's semantic frames: for each verb the head word of each participant. A0 is the one who acts, A1 what the act is done to or is about, A2 a further participant; AA, with a causative verb, the one who makes it happen. ## The Targum {#onkelos} וַאֲמַר מַלְכָּא לְחַכִּימַיָא בְּנוֹי דְיִשָׂשׂכָר דְחַכִּימִין מַנְדְעָא בְּעִידָנַיָא וְזִמְנַיָא בְּסֵפֶר אוֹרַיְיתָא וְחוּשְׁבָּן עַלְמָא אֲרוּם הֵיכְדֵין יָאָה לְמֶהֱוֵי מִתְמַלֵל פִּתְגָם מַלְכָּא קֳדָם כָּל חַכִּים וְיָדְעֵי אוֹרַיְיתָא וְדִינָא: The Aramaic translation read beside the Hebrew. Text only: Mova has no Aramaic parser yet. ## English, JPS 1917 {#english} Each sentence on its own page, with its tree and pragmatics. A sentence that runs on into the next verse is listed under the verse it begins in. 1. [Then the king said to the wise men, who knew the times — for so was the king's manner toward all that knew law and judgment;](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/ketuvim/jps/EST.12/) **Hebrew text:** Westminster Leningrad Codex, public domain. **Tree, glosses and frames:** MACULA Hebrew Linguistic Datasets, available at [github.com/Clear-Bible/macula-hebrew](https://github.com/Clear-Bible/macula-hebrew/), [CC BY 4.0](https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/); converted to Universal Dependencies by Mova (words in text order, a prefix its own word). **Speech act:** Mova's rules on the MACULA words (`macula prag`). **Targum:** Onkelos (Torat Emet), Jonathan and the Writings (Mikraot Gedolot), from Sefaria, public domain. **English:** JPS 1917, public domain; trees and speech acts by Mova's cycle, frames by Mova's reader (Elamur Cosmic License). Hebrew sentence `wlc:EST:12`. - ← previous: [Esther 1:12](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/ketuvim/EST.1.12/) - next →: [Esther 1:14](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/ketuvim/EST.1.14/) - ↑ back to [Esther 1](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/ketuvim/EST/1/)