--- title: Esther 1:14 — and the next unto him was Carshena, Shethar, Admatha, Tarshish, Mere… · Hebrew, tree and pragmatics description: and the next unto him was Carshena, Shethar, Admatha, Tarshish, Meres, Marsena, and Memucan, the seven princes of Persia and Media, who saw the king's face, and sat the first in the kingdom: Who acts: next, seven princes. Esther 1:14 in Hebrew with its dependency tree, the Targum, JPS 1917 and the p --- [Mova](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) · [this page in HTML](https://mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/ketuvim/EST.1.14/) [home](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) / [corpora](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/) / [Tanakh](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/tanakh/) / [Ketuvim](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/ketuvim/) / [Esther](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/ketuvim/EST/) / [chapter 1](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/ketuvim/EST/1/) / 1:14 # Esther 1:14 אֶסְתֵּר **Who acts:** next, seven princes · **What happens:** be, see, sit · **To what, where:** Carshena, face, kingdom This is Esther 1:14 from Mova's open Bible corpus, the Tanakh in three languages (Ketuvim — the Writings). The page gives the verse in Hebrew as the Westminster Leningrad Codex has it, its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, built from MACULA Hebrew — and its pragmatics: who acts — next, seven princes — and what happens in the verse to Carshena, face, kingdom, read clause by clause by Mova's frames. Beside it stand the Aramaic of the Targum and the English of the Jewish Publication Society's 1917 translation, each English sentence with a tree of its own. It is one of the 10 chapters of Esther on this site, all built by Mova itself from its own trees, with no large model in between. וְהַקָּרֹ֣ב אֵלָ֗יוכַּרְשְׁנָ֤א שֵׁתָר֙ אַדְמָ֣תָא תַרְשִׁ֔ישׁ מֶ֥רֶס מַרְסְנָ֖א מְמוּכָ֑ן שִׁבְעַ֞ת שָׂרֵ֣י ׀ פָּרַ֣ס וּמָדַ֗י רֹאֵי֙ פְּנֵ֣י הַמֶּ֔לֶךְ הַיֹּשְׁבִ֥ים רִאשֹׁנָ֖ה בַּמַּלְכֽוּת׃ [and the next unto him was Carshena, Shethar, Admatha, Tarshish, Meres, Marsena, and Memucan, the seven princes of Persia and Media, who saw the king's face, and sat the first in the kingdom:](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/ketuvim/jps/EST.13/) ## The tree {#tree} Right to left, as the Hebrew is read; a prefix or suffix is a word of its own, and a line under the words joins those written as one. Under each word its part of speech and MACULA's English gloss. ```conllu rtl gloss # sent_id = wlc:EST:13 # text = וְהַקָּרֹ֣ב אֵלָ֗יוכַּרְשְׁנָ֤א שֵׁתָר֙ אַדְמָ֣תָא תַרְשִׁ֔ישׁ מֶ֥רֶס מַרְסְנָ֖א מְמוּכָ֑ן שִׁבְעַ֞ת שָׂרֵ֣י ׀ פָּרַ֣ס וּמָדַ֗י רֹאֵי֙ פְּנֵ֣י הַמֶּ֔לֶךְ הַיֹּשְׁבִ֥ים רִאשֹׁנָ֖ה בַּמַּלְכֽוּת׃ # verse = EST.1.14 1-3 וְהַקָּרֹ֣ב _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 1 וְ וְ CCONJ _ _ 6 cc _ Gloss=and|Ref=EST_1:14!1|MId=o170010140011|Strong=2050b 2 הַ הַ DET _ PronType=Art 3 det _ Gloss=the.[ones]|Ref=EST_1:14!1|MId=o170010140012|Strong=1886a|Type=definite_article 3 קָּרֹ֣ב קָרֹוב ADJ _ Gender=Masc|Number=Sing 6 nsubj _ Gloss=close|Ref=EST_1:14!1|MId=o170010140013|Strong=7138|Type=adjective 4-6 אֵלָ֗יוכַּרְשְׁנָ֤א _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 4 אֵלָ֗י אֶל ADP _ _ 5 case _ Gloss=to|Ref=EST_1:14!2|MId=o170010140021|Strong=0413 5 ו הוּא PRON _ Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs 3 nmod _ Gloss=him|Ref=EST_1:14!2|MId=o170010140022|Strong=2050c|Type=pronominal 6 כַּרְשְׁנָ֤א כַּרְשְׁנָא PROPN _ _ 0 root _ Gloss=[were].Carshena|Ref=EST_1:14!3|MId=o170010140031|Strong=3771 7 שֵׁתָר֙ שֵׁתָר PROPN _ _ 6 conj _ Gloss=Shethar|Ref=EST_1:14!4|MId=o170010140041|Strong=8369 8 אַדְמָ֣תָא אַדְמָתָא PROPN _ _ 6 conj _ Gloss=Admatha|Ref=EST_1:14!5|MId=o170010140051|Strong=0133 9 תַרְשִׁ֔ישׁ תַּרְשִׁישׁ PROPN _ _ 6 conj _ Gloss=Tarshish|Ref=EST_1:14!6|MId=o170010140061|Strong=8659a 10 מֶ֥רֶס מֶרֶס PROPN _ _ 6 conj _ Gloss=Meres|Ref=EST_1:14!7|MId=o170010140071|Strong=4825 11 מַרְסְנָ֖א מַרְסְנָא PROPN _ _ 6 conj _ Gloss=Marsena|Ref=EST_1:14!8|MId=o170010140081|Strong=4826 12 מְמוּכָ֑ן מְמוּכָן PROPN _ _ 6 conj _ Gloss=Memucan|Ref=EST_1:14!9|MId=o170010140091|Strong=4462 13 שִׁבְעַ֞ת שֶׁבַע NUM _ Gender=Masc|Number=Sing 14 nummod _ Gloss=the.seven|Ref=EST_1:14!10|MId=o170010140101|Strong=7651|Type=cardinal_number 14 שָׂרֵ֣י שַׂר NOUN _ Gender=Masc|Number=Plur 6 appos _ Gloss=the.officials|Ref=EST_1:14!11|MId=o170010140111|Strong=8269 15 ׀ ׀ PUNCT _ _ 14 punct _ Ref=EST_1:14!11 16 פָּרַ֣ס פָּרַס PROPN _ _ 14 compound:smixut _ Gloss=of.Persia|Ref=EST_1:14!12|MId=o170010140121|Strong=6539 17-18 וּמָדַ֗י _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 17 וּ וְ CCONJ _ _ 18 cc _ Gloss=and|Ref=EST_1:14!13|MId=o170010140131|Strong=2050b 18 מָדַ֗י מָדַי PROPN _ _ 16 conj _ Gloss=Media|Ref=EST_1:14!13|MId=o170010140132|Strong=4074 19 רֹאֵי֙ רָאָה VERB _ Gender=Masc|HebBinyan=QAL|Number=Plur 6 appos _ Gloss=[who].saw|Ref=EST_1:14!14|MId=o170010140141|Strong=7200|Frame=A0:170010140031;170010140041;170010140051;170010140061;170010140071;170010140081;170010140091;A1:170010140151;|Type=participle_active 20 פְּנֵ֣י פָּנֶה NOUN _ Number=Plur 19 compound:smixut _ Gloss=(of).the.face|Ref=EST_1:14!15|MId=o170010140151|Strong=6440 21-22 הַמֶּ֔לֶךְ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 21 הַ הַ DET _ PronType=Art 22 det _ Gloss=of|Ref=EST_1:14!16|MId=o170010140161|Strong=1886a|Type=definite_article 22 מֶּ֔לֶךְ מֶלֶךְ NOUN _ Gender=Masc|Number=Sing 20 compound:smixut _ Gloss=the.king|Ref=EST_1:14!16|MId=o170010140162|Strong=4428 23-24 הַיֹּשְׁבִ֥ים _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 23 הַ הַ SCONJ _ _ 24 mark _ Gloss=[who]|Ref=EST_1:14!17|MId=o170010140171|Strong=1886a|Type=definite_article 24 יֹּשְׁבִ֥ים יָשַׁב VERB _ Gender=Masc|HebBinyan=QAL|Number=Plur 6 appos _ Gloss=sat|Ref=EST_1:14!17|MId=o170010140172|Strong=3427|Frame=A0:170010140031;170010140041;170010140051;170010140061;170010140071;170010140081;170010140091;|Type=participle_active 25 רִאשֹׁנָ֖ה רִאשׁוֹן ADJ _ Gender=Fem|Number=Sing 24 advmod _ Gloss=foremost|Ref=EST_1:14!18|MId=o170010140181|Strong=7223|Type=adjective 26-28 בַּמַּלְכֽוּת _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 26 בַּ בְּ ADP _ _ 28 case _ Gloss=in|Ref=EST_1:14!19|MId=o170010140191|Strong=0871a 27 ה הַ DET _ PronType=Art 28 det _ Gloss=the|Ref=EST_1:14!19|MId=o170010140191ה|Strong=1886a|Type=definite_article 28 מַּלְכֽוּת מַלְכוּת NOUN _ Gender=Fem|Number=Sing 24 obl _ Gloss=kingdom|Ref=EST_1:14!19|MId=o170010140192|Strong=4438 29 ׃ ׃ PUNCT _ _ 28 punct _ Ref=EST_1:14!19 ``` ## Pragmatics {#pragmatics} - form: statement - act: assert - voice: narrator - speech: narration - negation: no | verb | form · stem | who (A0) | what, whom (A1) | to whom, further (A2) | who makes it happen (AA) | | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | | רֹאֵי *\[who\] saw* | participle active · qal | כַּרְשְׁנָא *\[were\] Carshena* + שֵׁתָר *Shethar* + אַדְמָתָא *Admatha* + תַרְשִׁישׁ *Tarshish* + מֶרֶס *Meres* + מַרְסְנָא *Marsena* + מְמוּכָן *Memucan* | פְּנֵי *(of) the face* | | | | יֹּשְׁבִים *sat* | participle active · qal | כַּרְשְׁנָא *\[were\] Carshena* + שֵׁתָר *Shethar* + אַדְמָתָא *Admatha* + תַרְשִׁישׁ *Tarshish* + מֶרֶס *Meres* + מַרְסְנָא *Marsena* + מְמוּכָן *Memucan* | | | | MACULA's semantic frames: for each verb the head word of each participant. A0 is the one who acts, A1 what the act is done to or is about, A2 a further participant; AA, with a causative verb, the one who makes it happen. ## The Targum {#onkelos} וְסָרִיבוּ בְּנוֹי דְיִשָׂשׂכָר לְמֵידַן יַת דִינָא הַהוּא בְּרַם צַלוּ קֳדָם יְיָ וְכֵן אֲמַרוּ רִבּוֹן דְעַלְמָא עַרְבֵּל יַת מִשְׁתְּהוֹן וַהֲוֵי דְכִיר יַת צַדִיקַיָא דְקָרִיבוּ קֳדָמָךְ בְּבֵית מַקְדְשָׁךְ אִמְרִין בְּנֵי שְׁנָא וּתְרֵין בְּנֵי יוֹנָה שַׁפְנִינָן עַל מַדְבְּחָא אַדְמְתָא עַד יְדָא דְכַהֲנָא רַבָּה דַהֲוָה לְבִישׁ חוּשְׁנָא דִי בֵיהּ כְּרוּם יַמָא וְרוּבֵי כַהֲנָא הֲווּ מָרְסָן וּבַחֲשָׁן יַת דְמָא וּמְסַדְרִין קֳדָמָךְ לְחֵם אַפַּיָא וְכֵן אִסְתְּחַר מַלְכָּא וְתַב וְשָׁאַל עִטֵיתָא לְרַבְרְבָנוֹי דְקָרִיבִין לְוָתֵיהּ וְאִלֵין שְׁמָהַתְהוֹן כַּרְשְׁנָא שֵׁתָר אַדְמָתָא תַרְשִׁישׁ מֶרֶס מַרְסְנָא מְמוּכָן שִׁבְעָא רַבְרְבָנֵי פַּרְסָאִי וּמָדָאֵי חֲזֵי אַפֵּי מַלְכָּא דְיַתְבִין בְּדַרְגָא קַדְמָאָה דִבְכוּרְסֵי מַלְכוּתָא: The Aramaic translation read beside the Hebrew. Text only: Mova has no Aramaic parser yet. ## English, JPS 1917 {#english} Each sentence on its own page, with its tree and pragmatics. A sentence that runs on into the next verse is listed under the verse it begins in. 1. [and the next unto him was Carshena, Shethar, Admatha, Tarshish, Meres, Marsena, and Memucan, the seven princes of Persia and Media, who saw the king's face, and sat the first in the kingdom:](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/ketuvim/jps/EST.13/) **Hebrew text:** Westminster Leningrad Codex, public domain. **Tree, glosses and frames:** MACULA Hebrew Linguistic Datasets, available at [github.com/Clear-Bible/macula-hebrew](https://github.com/Clear-Bible/macula-hebrew/), [CC BY 4.0](https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/); converted to Universal Dependencies by Mova (words in text order, a prefix its own word). **Speech act:** Mova's rules on the MACULA words (`macula prag`). **Targum:** Onkelos (Torat Emet), Jonathan and the Writings (Mikraot Gedolot), from Sefaria, public domain. **English:** JPS 1917, public domain; trees and speech acts by Mova's cycle, frames by Mova's reader (Elamur Cosmic License). Hebrew sentence `wlc:EST:13`. - ← previous: [Esther 1:13](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/ketuvim/EST.1.13/) - next →: [Esther 1:15](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/ketuvim/EST.1.15/) - ↑ back to [Esther 1](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/ketuvim/EST/1/)