--- title: Esther 1:19 — If it please the king, let there go forth a royal commandment from h… · Hebrew, tree and pragmatics description: If it please the king, let there go forth a royal commandment from him, and let it be written among the laws of the Persians and the Medes, that it be not altered, that Vashti come no more before king Ahasuerus, and that the king give her royal estate unto another that is better than she. Who acts: --- [Mova](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) · [this page in HTML](https://mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/ketuvim/EST.1.19/) [home](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) / [corpora](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/) / [Tanakh](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/tanakh/) / [Ketuvim](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/ketuvim/) / [Esther](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/ketuvim/EST/) / [chapter 1](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/ketuvim/EST/1/) / 1:19 # Esther 1:19 אֶסְתֵּר **Who acts:** wrath, you, Vashti, king · **What happens:** please, let, go, write, not alter, come · **To what, where:** king, royal commandment, wrath, king Ahasuerus, royal estate This is Esther 1:19 from Mova's open Bible corpus, the Tanakh in three languages (Ketuvim — the Writings). The page gives the verse in Hebrew as the Westminster Leningrad Codex has it, its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, built from MACULA Hebrew — and its pragmatics: who acts — wrath, you, Vashti, king — and what happens in the verse to king, royal commandment, wrath, king Ahasuerus, royal estate, read clause by clause by Mova's frames. Beside it stand the Aramaic of the Targum and the English of the Jewish Publication Society's 1917 translation, each English sentence with a tree of its own. It is one of the 10 chapters of Esther on this site, all built by Mova itself from its own trees, with no large model in between. אִם־עַל־הַמֶּ֣לֶךְ ט֗וֹב יֵצֵ֤א דְבַר־מַלְכוּת֙ מִלְּפָנָ֔יו וְיִכָּתֵ֛ב בְּדָתֵ֥י פָֽרַס־וּמָדַ֖י וְלֹ֣א יַעֲב֑וֹר אֲשֶׁ֨ר לֹֽא־תָב֜וֹא וַשְׁתִּ֗י לִפְנֵי֙ הַמֶּ֣לֶךְ אֲחַשְׁוֵר֔וֹשׁ וּמַלְכוּתָהּ֙ יִתֵּ֣ן הַמֶּ֔לֶךְ לִרְעוּתָ֖הּ הַטּוֹבָ֥ה מִמֶּֽנָּה׃ [If it please the king, let there go forth a royal commandment from him, and let it be written among the laws of the Persians and the Medes, that it be not altered, that Vashti come no more before king Ahasuerus, and that the king give her royal estate unto another that is better than she.](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/ketuvim/jps/EST.19/) ## The tree {#tree} Right to left, as the Hebrew is read; a prefix or suffix is a word of its own, and a line under the words joins those written as one. Under each word its part of speech and MACULA's English gloss. ```conllu rtl gloss # sent_id = wlc:EST:18 # text = אִם־עַל־הַמֶּ֣לֶךְ ט֗וֹב יֵצֵ֤א דְבַר־מַלְכוּת֙ מִלְּפָנָ֔יו וְיִכָּתֵ֛ב בְּדָתֵ֥י פָֽרַס־וּמָדַ֖י וְלֹ֣א יַעֲב֑וֹר אֲשֶׁ֨ר לֹֽא־תָב֜וֹא וַשְׁתִּ֗י לִפְנֵי֙ הַמֶּ֣לֶךְ אֲחַשְׁוֵר֔וֹשׁ וּמַלְכוּתָהּ֙ יִתֵּ֣ן הַמֶּ֔לֶךְ לִרְעוּתָ֖הּ הַטּוֹבָ֥ה מִמֶּֽנָּה׃ # verse = EST.1.19 1 אִם־ אִם SCONJ _ _ 5 mark _ Gloss=if|Ref=EST_1:19!1|MId=o170010190011|Strong=0518|SpaceAfter=No 2 עַל־ עַל ADP _ _ 4 case _ Gloss=[is].on|Ref=EST_1:19!2|MId=o170010190021|Strong=5921|SpaceAfter=No 3-4 הַמֶּ֣לֶךְ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 3 הַ הַ DET _ PronType=Art 4 det _ Gloss=the|Ref=EST_1:19!3|MId=o170010190031|Strong=1886a|Type=definite_article 4 מֶּ֣לֶךְ מֶלֶךְ NOUN _ Gender=Masc|Number=Sing 5 obl _ Gloss=king|Ref=EST_1:19!3|MId=o170010190032|Strong=4428 5 ט֗וֹב טוֹב ADJ _ Gender=Masc|Number=Sing 6 advcl _ Gloss=good|Ref=EST_1:19!4|MId=o170010190041|Strong=2896|Type=adjective 6 יֵצֵ֤א יָצָא VERB _ Gender=Masc|HebBinyan=QAL|Number=Sing|Person=3 0 root _ Gloss=let.it.go.forth|Ref=EST_1:19!5|MId=o170010190051|Strong=3318|Frame=A0:170010190061;|Type=jussive 7 דְבַר־ דָּבָר NOUN _ Gender=Masc|Number=Sing 6 nsubj _ Gloss=a.word|Ref=EST_1:19!6|MId=o170010190061|Strong=1697|SpaceAfter=No 8 מַלְכוּת֙ מַלְכוּת NOUN _ Gender=Fem|Number=Sing 7 compound:smixut _ Gloss=of.royalty|Ref=EST_1:19!7|MId=o170010190071|Strong=4438 9-12 מִלְּפָנָ֔יו _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 9 מִ מִן ADP _ _ 11 case _ Gloss=from|Ref=EST_1:19!8|MId=o170010190081|Strong=4480 10 לְּ לְ ADP _ _ 11 case _ Gloss=before|Ref=EST_1:19!8|MId=o170010190082|Strong=3807a 11 פָנָ֔י פָּנֶה NOUN _ Number=Plur 6 obl _ Gloss=face|Ref=EST_1:19!8|MId=o170010190083|Strong=6440 12 ו הוּא PRON _ Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs 11 nmod:poss _ Gloss=him|Ref=EST_1:19!8|MId=o170010190084|Strong=2050c|Type=pronominal 13-14 וְיִכָּתֵ֛ב _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 13 וְ וְ CCONJ _ _ 14 cc _ Gloss=and|Ref=EST_1:19!9|MId=o170010190091|Strong=2050b 14 יִכָּתֵ֛ב כָּתַב VERB _ Gender=Masc|HebBinyan=NIPHAL|Number=Sing|Person=3 6 conj _ Gloss=let.it.be.written|Ref=EST_1:19!9|MId=o170010190092|Strong=3789|Frame=A1:170010190061;|Type=yiqtol 15-16 בְּדָתֵ֥י _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 15 בְּ בְּ ADP _ _ 16 case _ Gloss=in|Ref=EST_1:19!10|MId=o170010190101|Strong=0871a 16 דָתֵ֥י דָּת NOUN _ Gender=Fem|Number=Plur 14 obl _ Gloss=the.laws|Ref=EST_1:19!10|MId=o170010190102|Strong=1881 17 פָֽרַס־ פָּרַס PROPN _ _ 16 compound:smixut _ Gloss=of.Persia|Ref=EST_1:19!11|MId=o170010190111|Strong=6539|SpaceAfter=No 18-19 וּמָדַ֖י _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 18 וּ וְ CCONJ _ _ 19 cc _ Gloss=and|Ref=EST_1:19!12|MId=o170010190121|Strong=2050b 19 מָדַ֖י מָדַי PROPN _ _ 17 conj _ Gloss=Media|Ref=EST_1:19!12|MId=o170010190122|Strong=4074 20-21 וְלֹ֣א _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 20 וְ וְ CCONJ _ _ 22 cc _ Gloss=and|Ref=EST_1:19!13|MId=o170010190131|Strong=2050b 21 לֹ֣א לֹא ADV _ _ 22 advmod _ Gloss=not|Ref=EST_1:19!13|MId=o170010190132|Strong=3808|Type=negative 22 יַעֲב֑וֹר עָבַר VERB _ Gender=Masc|HebBinyan=QAL|Number=Sing|Person=3 6 conj _ Gloss=it.will.pass.away|Ref=EST_1:19!14|MId=o170010190141|Strong=5674|Frame=A0:170010190171;170010190231;|Type=yiqtol 23 אֲשֶׁ֨ר אֲשֶׁר SCONJ _ _ 25 mark _ Gloss=(cmp)|Ref=EST_1:19!15|MId=o170010190151|Strong=0834|Type=relative 24 לֹֽא־ לֹא ADV _ _ 25 advmod _ Gloss=not|Ref=EST_1:19!16|MId=o170010190161|Strong=3808|Type=negative|SpaceAfter=No 25 תָב֜וֹא בּוֹא VERB _ Gender=Fem|HebBinyan=QAL|Number=Sing|Person=3 22 acl:relcl _ Gloss=she.will.come|Ref=EST_1:19!17|MId=o170010190171|Strong=0935|Frame=A0:170010190181;|Type=yiqtol 26 וַשְׁתִּ֗י וַשְׁתִּי PROPN _ _ 25 nsubj _ Gloss=Vashti|Ref=EST_1:19!18|MId=o170010190181|Strong=2060 27-28 לִפְנֵי֙ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 27 לִ לְ ADP _ _ 28 case _ Gloss=before|Ref=EST_1:19!19|MId=o170010190191|Strong=3807a 28 פְנֵי֙ פָּנֶה NOUN _ Number=Plur 25 obl _ Gloss=|Ref=EST_1:19!19|MId=o170010190192|Strong=6440 29-30 הַמֶּ֣לֶךְ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 29 הַ הַ DET _ PronType=Art 30 det _ Gloss=the|Ref=EST_1:19!20|MId=o170010190201|Strong=1886a|Type=definite_article 30 מֶּ֣לֶךְ מֶלֶךְ NOUN _ Gender=Masc|Number=Sing 28 compound:smixut _ Gloss=king|Ref=EST_1:19!20|MId=o170010190202|Strong=4428 31 אֲחַשְׁוֵר֔וֹשׁ אֲחַשְׁוֵרוֹשׁ PROPN _ _ 30 appos _ Gloss=Ahasuerus|Ref=EST_1:19!21|MId=o170010190211|Strong=0325 32-34 וּמַלְכוּתָהּ֙ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 32 וּ וְ CCONJ _ _ 35 cc _ Gloss=and|Ref=EST_1:19!22|MId=o170010190221|Strong=2050b 33 מַלְכוּת מַלְכוּת NOUN _ Gender=Fem|Number=Sing 35 obj _ Gloss=queenhood|Ref=EST_1:19!22|MId=o170010190222|Strong=4438 34 ָהּ֙ הוּא PRON _ Gender=Fem|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs 33 nmod:poss _ Gloss=her|Ref=EST_1:19!22|MId=o170010190223|Strong=1886d|Type=pronominal 35 יִתֵּ֣ן נָתַן VERB _ Gender=Masc|HebBinyan=QAL|Number=Sing|Person=3 25 conj _ Gloss=let.him.give|Ref=EST_1:19!23|MId=o170010190231|Strong=5414|Frame=A1:170010190222;A0:170010190242;|Type=yiqtol 36-37 הַמֶּ֔לֶךְ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 36 הַ הַ DET _ PronType=Art 37 det _ Gloss=the|Ref=EST_1:19!24|MId=o170010190241|Strong=1886a|Type=definite_article 37 מֶּ֔לֶךְ מֶלֶךְ NOUN _ Gender=Masc|Number=Sing 35 nsubj _ Gloss=king|Ref=EST_1:19!24|MId=o170010190242|Strong=4428 38-40 לִרְעוּתָ֖הּ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 38 לִ לְ ADP _ _ 39 case _ Gloss=to|Ref=EST_1:19!25|MId=o170010190251|Strong=3807a 39 רְעוּת רְעוּת NOUN _ Gender=Fem|Number=Sing 35 obl _ Gloss=her.fellow|Ref=EST_1:19!25|MId=o170010190252|Strong=7468 40 ָ֖הּ הוּא PRON _ Gender=Fem|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs 39 nmod:poss _ Gloss=woman|Ref=EST_1:19!25|MId=o170010190253|Strong=1886d|Type=pronominal 41-42 הַטּוֹבָ֥ה _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 41 הַ הַ DET _ PronType=Art 42 det _ Gloss=(the)|Ref=EST_1:19!26|MId=o170010190261|Strong=1886a|Type=definite_article 42 טּוֹבָ֥ה טוֹב ADJ _ Gender=Fem|Number=Sing 39 amod _ Gloss=good|Ref=EST_1:19!26|MId=o170010190262|Strong=2896|Type=adjective 43-44 מִמֶּֽנָּה _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 43 מִמּ מִן ADP _ _ 44 case _ Gloss=more|Ref=EST_1:19!27|MId=o170010190271|Strong=4480 44 ֶֽנָּה הוּא PRON _ Gender=Fem|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs 42 nmod _ Gloss=than.she|Ref=EST_1:19!27|MId=o170010190272|Strong=5089a|Type=pronominal 45 ׃ ׃ PUNCT _ _ 44 punct _ Ref=EST_1:19!27 ``` ## Pragmatics {#pragmatics} - form: command - act: request - voice: character - speech: inside a quote begun earlier - negation: yes | verb | form · stem | who (A0) | what, whom (A1) | to whom, further (A2) | who makes it happen (AA) | | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | | יֵצֵא *let it go forth* | jussive · qal | דְבַר־ *a word* | | | | | יִכָּתֵב *let it be written* | yiqtol · niphal | | דְבַר־ *a word* | | | | **not** יַעֲבוֹר *it will pass away* | yiqtol · qal | תָבוֹא *she will come* + יִתֵּן *let him give* | | | | | **not** תָבוֹא *she will come* | yiqtol · qal | וַשְׁתִּי *Vashti* | | | | | יִתֵּן *let him give* | yiqtol · qal | מֶּלֶךְ *king* | מַלְכוּת *queenhood* | | | MACULA's semantic frames: for each verb the head word of each participant. A0 is the one who acts, A1 what the act is done to or is about, A2 a further participant; AA, with a causative verb, the one who makes it happen. ## The Targum {#onkelos} אִין קֳדָם מַלְכָּא שַׁפִּיר יִפּוֹק פִּתְגָם גְזֵירַת מַלְכוּתָא מִן קֳדָמוֹי וְיִתְכְּתֵב בִּגְזֵרִין דְפַרְסָאֵי וּמָדָאֵי וְלָא יִתְבָּטֵל הָדָא גְזֵירְתָּא דִי לָא תֵעוּל וַשְׁתִּי קֳדָם מַלְכָּא וּמִן בָּתַר דְתֵיתֵי קֳדָם מַלְכָּא יִגְזוֹר מַלְכָּא וְיַעֲדֵי יַת רֵישָׁהּ וּמַלְכוּתָהּ יִתֵּן מַלְכָּא לַחֲבֶרְתָּהּ דְשַׁפִּירָא מִנָהּ: The Aramaic translation read beside the Hebrew. Text only: Mova has no Aramaic parser yet. ## English, JPS 1917 {#english} Each sentence on its own page, with its tree and pragmatics. A sentence that runs on into the next verse is listed under the verse it begins in. 1. [If it please the king, let there go forth a royal commandment from him, and let it be written among the laws of the Persians and the Medes, that it be not altered, that Vashti come no more before king Ahasuerus, and that the king give her royal estate unto another that is better than she.](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/ketuvim/jps/EST.19/) **Hebrew text:** Westminster Leningrad Codex, public domain. **Tree, glosses and frames:** MACULA Hebrew Linguistic Datasets, available at [github.com/Clear-Bible/macula-hebrew](https://github.com/Clear-Bible/macula-hebrew/), [CC BY 4.0](https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/); converted to Universal Dependencies by Mova (words in text order, a prefix its own word). **Speech act:** Mova's rules on the MACULA words (`macula prag`). **Targum:** Onkelos (Torat Emet), Jonathan and the Writings (Mikraot Gedolot), from Sefaria, public domain. **English:** JPS 1917, public domain; trees and speech acts by Mova's cycle, frames by Mova's reader (Elamur Cosmic License). Hebrew sentence `wlc:EST:18`. - ← previous: [Esther 1:18](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/ketuvim/EST.1.18/) - next →: [Esther 1:20](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/ketuvim/EST.1.20/) - ↑ back to [Esther 1](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/ketuvim/EST/1/)