--- title: Esther 1:20 — And when the king's decree which he shall make shall be published th… · Hebrew, tree and pragmatics description: And when the king's decree which he shall make shall be published throughout all his kingdom, great though it be, all the wives will give to their husbands honour, both to great and small.' Who acts: king, wives. Esther 1:20 in Hebrew with its dependency tree, the Targum, JPS 1917 and the pragmatics --- [Mova](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) · [this page in HTML](https://mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/ketuvim/EST.1.20/) [home](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) / [corpora](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/) / [Tanakh](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/tanakh/) / [Ketuvim](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/ketuvim/) / [Esther](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/ketuvim/EST/) / [chapter 1](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/ketuvim/EST/1/) / 1:20 # Esther 1:20 אֶסְתֵּר **Who acts:** king, wives · **What happens:** make, publish, give, decree · **To what, where:** decree, honour, great This is Esther 1:20 from Mova's open Bible corpus, the Tanakh in three languages (Ketuvim — the Writings). The page gives the verse in Hebrew as the Westminster Leningrad Codex has it, its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, built from MACULA Hebrew — and its pragmatics: who acts — king, wives — and what happens in the verse to decree, honour, great, read clause by clause by Mova's frames. Beside it stand the Aramaic of the Targum and the English of the Jewish Publication Society's 1917 translation, each English sentence with a tree of its own. It is one of the 10 chapters of Esther on this site, all built by Mova itself from its own trees, with no large model in between. וְנִשְׁמַע֩ פִּתְגָ֨ם הַמֶּ֤לֶךְ אֲשֶֽׁר־יַעֲשֶׂה֙ בְּכָל־מַלְכוּת֔וֹ כִּ֥י רַבָּ֖ה הִ֑יא וְכָל־הַנָּשִׁ֗ים יִתְּנ֤וּ יְקָר֙ לְבַעְלֵיהֶ֔ן לְמִגָּד֖וֹל וְעַד־קָטָֽן׃ [And when the king's decree which he shall make shall be published throughout all his kingdom, great though it be, all the wives will give to their husbands honour, both to great and small.'](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/ketuvim/jps/EST.20/) ## The tree {#tree} Right to left, as the Hebrew is read; a prefix or suffix is a word of its own, and a line under the words joins those written as one. Under each word its part of speech and MACULA's English gloss. ```conllu rtl gloss # sent_id = wlc:EST:19 # text = וְנִשְׁמַע֩ פִּתְגָ֨ם הַמֶּ֤לֶךְ אֲשֶֽׁר־יַעֲשֶׂה֙ בְּכָל־מַלְכוּת֔וֹ כִּ֥י רַבָּ֖ה הִ֑יא וְכָל־הַנָּשִׁ֗ים יִתְּנ֤וּ יְקָר֙ לְבַעְלֵיהֶ֔ן לְמִגָּד֖וֹל וְעַד־קָטָֽן׃ # verse = EST.1.20 1-2 וְנִשְׁמַע֩ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 1 וְ וְ CCONJ _ _ 2 cc _ Gloss=and|Ref=EST_1:20!1|MId=o170010200011|Strong=2050b 2 נִשְׁמַע֩ שָׁמַע VERB _ Gender=Masc|HebBinyan=NIPHAL|Number=Sing|Person=3 0 root _ Gloss=it.will.be.heard|Ref=EST_1:20!1|MId=o170010200012|Strong=8085|Frame=A1:170010200021;|Type=weqatal 3 פִּתְגָ֨ם פִּתְגָּם NOUN _ Gender=Masc|Number=Sing 2 nsubj _ Gloss=the.decree|Ref=EST_1:20!2|MId=o170010200021|Strong=6599 4-5 הַמֶּ֤לֶךְ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 4 הַ הַ DET _ PronType=Art 5 det _ Gloss=of|Ref=EST_1:20!3|MId=o170010200031|Strong=1886a|Type=definite_article 5 מֶּ֤לֶךְ מֶלֶךְ NOUN _ Gender=Masc|Number=Sing 3 compound:smixut _ Gloss=the.king|Ref=EST_1:20!3|MId=o170010200032|Strong=4428 6 אֲשֶֽׁר־ אֲשֶׁר SCONJ _ _ 7 mark _ Gloss=which|Ref=EST_1:20!4|MId=o170010200041|Strong=0834|Type=relative|SpaceAfter=No 7 יַעֲשֶׂה֙ עָשָׂה VERB _ Gender=Masc|HebBinyan=QAL|Number=Sing|Person=3 3 acl:relcl _ Gloss=he.will.make|Ref=EST_1:20!5|MId=o170010200051|Strong=6213|Frame=A0:170010200032;A1:170010200021;|Type=yiqtol 8-9 בְּכָל־ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 8 בְּ בְּ ADP _ _ 9 case _ Gloss=in|Ref=EST_1:20!6|MId=o170010200061|Strong=0871a 9 כָל־ כֹּל NOUN _ Gender=Masc|Number=Sing 2 obl _ Gloss=all|Ref=EST_1:20!6|MId=o170010200062|Strong=3605 10-11 מַלְכוּת֔וֹ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 10 מַלְכוּת מַלְכוּת NOUN _ Gender=Fem|Number=Sing 9 compound:smixut _ Gloss=kingdom|Ref=EST_1:20!7|MId=o170010200071|Strong=4438 11 ֔וֹ הוּא PRON _ Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs 10 nmod:poss _ Gloss=his|Ref=EST_1:20!7|MId=o170010200072|Strong=2050c|Type=pronominal 12 כִּ֥י כִּי SCONJ _ _ 13 mark _ Gloss=(dm)|Ref=EST_1:20!8|MId=o170010200081|Strong=3588 13 רַבָּ֖ה רַב ADJ _ Gender=Fem|Number=Sing 2 advcl _ Gloss=[is].great|Ref=EST_1:20!9|MId=o170010200091|Strong=7227|Type=adjective 14 הִ֑יא הִיא PRON _ Gender=Fem|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs 13 nsubj _ Gloss=it|Ref=EST_1:20!10|MId=o170010200101|Strong=1931a|Type=personal 15-16 וְכָל־ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 15 וְ וְ CCONJ _ _ 19 cc _ Gloss=and|Ref=EST_1:20!11|MId=o170010200111|Strong=2050b 16 כָל־ כֹּל NOUN _ Gender=Masc|Number=Sing 19 nsubj _ Gloss=all|Ref=EST_1:20!11|MId=o170010200112|Strong=3605 17-18 הַנָּשִׁ֗ים _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 17 הַ הַ DET _ PronType=Art 18 det _ Gloss=the|Ref=EST_1:20!12|MId=o170010200121|Strong=1886a|Type=definite_article 18 נָּשִׁ֗ים אִשָּׁה NOUN _ Gender=Fem|Number=Plur 16 compound:smixut _ Gloss=women|Ref=EST_1:20!12|MId=o170010200122|Strong=0802 19 יִתְּנ֤וּ נָתַן VERB _ Gender=Masc|HebBinyan=QAL|Number=Plur|Person=3 2 conj _ Gloss=they.will.give|Ref=EST_1:20!13|MId=o170010200131|Strong=5414|Frame=A0:170010200122;A1:170010200141;|Type=yiqtol 20 יְקָר֙ יְקָר NOUN _ Gender=Masc|Number=Sing 19 obj _ Gloss=honor|Ref=EST_1:20!14|MId=o170010200141|Strong=3366 21-23 לְבַעְלֵיהֶ֔ן _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 21 לְ לְ ADP _ _ 22 case _ Gloss=to|Ref=EST_1:20!15|MId=o170010200151|Strong=3807a 22 בַעְלֵי בַּעַל NOUN _ Gender=Masc|Number=Plur 19 obl _ Gloss=husbands|Ref=EST_1:20!15|MId=o170010200152|Strong=1167 23 הֶ֔ן הוּא PRON _ Gender=Fem|Number=Plur|Person=3|PronType=Prs 22 nmod:poss _ Gloss=their|Ref=EST_1:20!15|MId=o170010200153|Strong=2004|Type=pronominal 24-26 לְמִגָּד֖וֹל _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 24 לְ לְ ADP _ _ 26 case _ Gloss=(to)|Ref=EST_1:20!16|MId=o170010200161|Strong=3807a 25 מִ מִן ADP _ _ 26 case _ Gloss=from|Ref=EST_1:20!16|MId=o170010200162|Strong=4480 26 גָּד֖וֹל גָּדוֹל ADJ _ Gender=Masc|Number=Sing 22 nmod _ Gloss=great|Ref=EST_1:20!16|MId=o170010200163|Strong=1419|Type=adjective 27-28 וְעַד־ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 27 וְ וְ CCONJ _ _ 29 cc _ Gloss=and|Ref=EST_1:20!17|MId=o170010200171|Strong=2050b 28 עַד־ עַד ADP _ _ 29 case _ Gloss=unto|Ref=EST_1:20!17|MId=o170010200172|Strong=5704 29 קָטָֽן קָטָן ADJ _ Gender=Masc|Number=Sing 26 conj _ Gloss=insignificant|Ref=EST_1:20!18|MId=o170010200181|Strong=6996|Type=adjective|SpaceAfter=No 30 ׃ ׃ PUNCT _ _ 29 punct _ Ref=EST_1:20!18 ``` ## Pragmatics {#pragmatics} - form: statement - act: assert - voice: character - speech: inside a quote begun earlier - negation: no | verb | form · stem | who (A0) | what, whom (A1) | to whom, further (A2) | who makes it happen (AA) | | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | | נִשְׁמַע *it will be heard* | weqatal · niphal | | פִּתְגָם *the decree* | | | | יַעֲשֶׂה *he will make* | yiqtol · qal | מֶּלֶךְ *the king* | פִּתְגָם *the decree* | | | | יִתְּנוּ *they will give* | yiqtol · qal | נָּשִׁים *women* | יְקָר *honor* | | | MACULA's semantic frames: for each verb the head word of each participant. A0 is the one who acts, A1 what the act is done to or is about, A2 a further participant; AA, with a causative verb, the one who makes it happen. ## The Targum {#onkelos} וְיִשְׁתְּמַע פִּתְגָם גְזֵירַת מַלְכָּא דִי יַעֲבֵיד מַלְכוּתֵיהּ אֲרוּם גְזֵרְתָּא רַבָּא הִיא וּמִן בָּתַר כֵּן כָּל נְשַׁיָא יִתְּנוּן רְבוּ וִיקָר לְמָרֵיהוֹן לְמִן רַבָּא וְעַד זְעִירָא: The Aramaic translation read beside the Hebrew. Text only: Mova has no Aramaic parser yet. ## English, JPS 1917 {#english} Each sentence on its own page, with its tree and pragmatics. A sentence that runs on into the next verse is listed under the verse it begins in. 1. [And when the king's decree which he shall make shall be published throughout all his kingdom, great though it be, all the wives will give to their husbands honour, both to great and small.'](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/ketuvim/jps/EST.20/) **Hebrew text:** Westminster Leningrad Codex, public domain. **Tree, glosses and frames:** MACULA Hebrew Linguistic Datasets, available at [github.com/Clear-Bible/macula-hebrew](https://github.com/Clear-Bible/macula-hebrew/), [CC BY 4.0](https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/); converted to Universal Dependencies by Mova (words in text order, a prefix its own word). **Speech act:** Mova's rules on the MACULA words (`macula prag`). **Targum:** Onkelos (Torat Emet), Jonathan and the Writings (Mikraot Gedolot), from Sefaria, public domain. **English:** JPS 1917, public domain; trees and speech acts by Mova's cycle, frames by Mova's reader (Elamur Cosmic License). Hebrew sentence `wlc:EST:19`. - ← previous: [Esther 1:19](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/ketuvim/EST.1.19/) - next →: [Esther 1:21](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/ketuvim/EST.1.21/) - ↑ back to [Esther 1](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/ketuvim/EST/1/)