--- title: Esther 1:22 — for he sent letters into all the king's provinces, into every provin… · Hebrew, tree and pragmatics description: for he sent letters into all the king's provinces, into every province according to the writing thereof, and to every people after their language, that every man should bear rule in his own house, and speak according to the language of his people. Who acts: king, man. Esther 1:22 in Hebrew with its --- [Mova](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) · [this page in HTML](https://mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/ketuvim/EST.1.22/) [home](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) / [corpora](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/) / [Tanakh](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/tanakh/) / [Ketuvim](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/ketuvim/) / [Esther](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/ketuvim/EST/) / [chapter 1](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/ketuvim/EST/1/) / 1:22 # Esther 1:22 אֶסְתֵּר **Who acts:** king, man · **What happens:** send, accord, bear, speak · **To what, where:** letters, provinces, rule, own house · **Speech:** someone speaks in this verse This is Esther 1:22 from Mova's open Bible corpus, the Tanakh in three languages (Ketuvim — the Writings). The page gives the verse in Hebrew as the Westminster Leningrad Codex has it, its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, built from MACULA Hebrew — and its pragmatics: who acts — king, man — and what happens in the verse to letters, provinces, rule, own house, read clause by clause by Mova's frames. Beside it stand the Aramaic of the Targum and the English of the Jewish Publication Society's 1917 translation, each English sentence with a tree of its own. It is one of the 10 chapters of Esther on this site, all built by Mova itself from its own trees, with no large model in between. וַיִּשְׁלַ֤ח סְפָרִים֙ אֶל־כָּל־מְדִינ֣וֹת הַמֶּ֔לֶךְ אֶל־מְדִינָ֤ה וּמְדִינָה֙ כִּכְתָבָ֔הּ וְאֶל־עַ֥ם וָעָ֖ם כִּלְשׁוֹנ֑וֹ לִהְי֤וֹת כָּל־אִישׁ֙ שֹׂרֵ֣ר בְּבֵית֔וֹ וּמְדַבֵּ֖ר כִּלְשׁ֥וֹן עַמּֽוֹ׃פ [for he sent letters into all the king's provinces, into every province according to the writing thereof, and to every people after their language, that every man should bear rule in his own house, and speak according to the language of his people.](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/ketuvim/jps/EST.22/) ## The tree {#tree} Right to left, as the Hebrew is read; a prefix or suffix is a word of its own, and a line under the words joins those written as one. Under each word its part of speech and MACULA's English gloss. ```conllu rtl gloss # sent_id = wlc:EST:21 # text = וַיִּשְׁלַ֤ח סְפָרִים֙ אֶל־כָּל־מְדִינ֣וֹת הַמֶּ֔לֶךְ אֶל־מְדִינָ֤ה וּמְדִינָה֙ כִּכְתָבָ֔הּ וְאֶל־עַ֥ם וָעָ֖ם כִּלְשׁוֹנ֑וֹ לִהְי֤וֹת כָּל־אִישׁ֙ שֹׂרֵ֣ר בְּבֵית֔וֹ וּמְדַבֵּ֖ר כִּלְשׁ֥וֹן עַמּֽוֹ׃פ # verse = EST.1.22 1-2 וַיִּשְׁלַ֤ח _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 1 וַ וְ CCONJ _ _ 2 cc _ Gloss=and|Ref=EST_1:22!1|MId=o170010220011|Strong=2050b 2 יִּשְׁלַ֤ח שָׁלַח VERB _ Gender=Masc|HebBinyan=QAL|Number=Sing|Person=3 0 root _ Gloss=he.sent.out|Ref=EST_1:22!1|MId=o170010220012|Strong=7971|Frame=A0:170010210072;A1:170010220021;|Type=wayyiqtol 3 סְפָרִים֙ סֵפֶר NOUN _ Gender=Masc|Number=Plur 2 obj _ Gloss=documents|Ref=EST_1:22!2|MId=o170010220021|Strong=5612 4 אֶל־ אֶל ADP _ _ 5 case _ Gloss=to|Ref=EST_1:22!3|MId=o170010220031|Strong=0413|SpaceAfter=No 5 כָּל־ כֹּל NOUN _ Gender=Masc|Number=Sing 2 obl _ Gloss=all|Ref=EST_1:22!4|MId=o170010220041|Strong=3605|SpaceAfter=No 6 מְדִינ֣וֹת מְדִינָה NOUN _ Gender=Fem|Number=Plur 5 compound:smixut _ Gloss=the.provinces|Ref=EST_1:22!5|MId=o170010220051|Strong=4082 7-8 הַמֶּ֔לֶךְ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 7 הַ הַ DET _ PronType=Art 8 det _ Gloss=of|Ref=EST_1:22!6|MId=o170010220061|Strong=1886a|Type=definite_article 8 מֶּ֔לֶךְ מֶלֶךְ NOUN _ Gender=Masc|Number=Sing 6 compound:smixut _ Gloss=the.king|Ref=EST_1:22!6|MId=o170010220062|Strong=4428 9 אֶל־ אֶל ADP _ _ 10 case _ Gloss=to|Ref=EST_1:22!7|MId=o170010220071|Strong=0413|SpaceAfter=No 10 מְדִינָ֤ה מְדִינָה NOUN _ Gender=Fem|Number=Sing 2 parataxis _ Gloss=province|Ref=EST_1:22!8|MId=o170010220081|Strong=4082 11-12 וּמְדִינָה֙ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 11 וּ וְ CCONJ _ _ 12 cc _ Gloss=and|Ref=EST_1:22!9|MId=o170010220091|Strong=2050b 12 מְדִינָה֙ מְדִינָה NOUN _ Gender=Fem|Number=Sing 10 conj _ Gloss=province|Ref=EST_1:22!9|MId=o170010220092|Strong=4082 13-15 כִּכְתָבָ֔הּ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 13 כִּ כְּ ADP _ _ 14 case _ Gloss=according|Ref=EST_1:22!10|MId=o170010220101|Strong=3509a 14 כְתָב כְּתָב NOUN _ Gender=Masc|Number=Sing 10 obl _ Gloss=to|Ref=EST_1:22!10|MId=o170010220102|Strong=3791 15 ָ֔הּ הוּא PRON _ Gender=Fem|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs 14 nmod:poss _ Gloss=its.writing|Ref=EST_1:22!10|MId=o170010220103|Strong=1886d|Type=pronominal 16-17 וְאֶל־ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 16 וְ וְ CCONJ _ _ 18 cc _ Gloss=and|Ref=EST_1:22!11|MId=o170010220111|Strong=2050b 17 אֶל־ אֶל ADP _ _ 18 case _ Gloss=to|Ref=EST_1:22!11|MId=o170010220112|Strong=0413 18 עַ֥ם עַם NOUN _ Gender=Masc|Number=Sing 2 conj _ Gloss=people|Ref=EST_1:22!12|MId=o170010220121|Strong=5971 19-20 וָעָ֖ם _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 19 וָ וְ CCONJ _ _ 20 cc _ Gloss=and|Ref=EST_1:22!13|MId=o170010220131|Strong=2050b 20 עָ֖ם עַם NOUN _ Gender=Masc|Number=Sing 18 conj _ Gloss=people|Ref=EST_1:22!13|MId=o170010220132|Strong=5971 21-23 כִּלְשׁוֹנ֑וֹ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 21 כִּ כְּ ADP _ _ 22 case _ Gloss=according|Ref=EST_1:22!14|MId=o170010220141|Strong=3509a 22 לְשׁוֹנ לָשׁוֹן NOUN _ Number=Sing 18 obl _ Gloss=to|Ref=EST_1:22!14|MId=o170010220142|Strong=3956 23 ֑וֹ הוּא PRON _ Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs 22 nmod:poss _ Gloss=its.language|Ref=EST_1:22!14|MId=o170010220143|Strong=2050c|Type=pronominal 24-25 לִהְי֤וֹת _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 24 לִ לְ ADP _ _ 28 case _ Gloss=to|Ref=EST_1:22!15|MId=o170010220151|Strong=3807a 25 הְי֤וֹת הָיָה AUX _ HebBinyan=QAL 28 cop _ Gloss=be|Ref=EST_1:22!15|MId=o170010220152|Strong=1961|Frame=A0:170010220171;|Type=infinitive_construct 26 כָּל־ כֹּל NOUN _ Gender=Masc|Number=Sing 28 nsubj _ Gloss=every|Ref=EST_1:22!16|MId=o170010220161|Strong=3605|SpaceAfter=No 27 אִישׁ֙ אִישׁ NOUN _ Gender=Masc|Number=Sing 26 compound:smixut _ Gloss=man|Ref=EST_1:22!17|MId=o170010220171|Strong=0376 28 שֹׂרֵ֣ר שָׂרַר VERB _ Gender=Masc|HebBinyan=QAL|Number=Sing 2 parataxis _ Gloss=ruling|Ref=EST_1:22!18|MId=o170010220181|Strong=8323|Frame=A0:170010220171;|Type=participle_active 29-31 בְּבֵית֔וֹ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 29 בְּ בְּ ADP _ _ 30 case _ Gloss=over|Ref=EST_1:22!19|MId=o170010220191|Strong=0871a 30 בֵית בַּיִת NOUN _ Gender=Masc|Number=Sing 28 obl _ Gloss=his.own|Ref=EST_1:22!19|MId=o170010220192|Strong=1004 31 ֔וֹ הוּא PRON _ Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs 30 nmod:poss _ Gloss=household|Ref=EST_1:22!19|MId=o170010220193|Strong=2050c|Type=pronominal 32-33 וּמְדַבֵּ֖ר _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 32 וּ וְ CCONJ _ _ 33 cc _ Gloss=and|Ref=EST_1:22!20|MId=o170010220201|Strong=2050b 33 מְדַבֵּ֖ר דָבַר VERB _ Gender=Masc|HebBinyan=PIEL|Number=Sing 28 conj _ Gloss=speaking|Ref=EST_1:22!20|MId=o170010220202|Strong=1696|Frame=A0:170010220171;|Type=participle_active 34-35 כִּלְשׁ֥וֹן _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 34 כִּ כְּ ADP _ _ 35 case _ Gloss=according|Ref=EST_1:22!21|MId=o170010220211|Strong=3509a 35 לְשׁ֥וֹן לָשׁוֹן NOUN _ Number=Sing 33 obl _ Gloss=to.the.language|Ref=EST_1:22!21|MId=o170010220212|Strong=3956 36-37 עַמּֽוֹ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 36 עַמּ עַם NOUN _ Gender=Masc|Number=Sing 35 compound:smixut _ Gloss=his.people|Ref=EST_1:22!22|MId=o170010220221|Strong=5971 37 ֽוֹ הוּא PRON _ Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs 36 nmod:poss _ Gloss=his|Ref=EST_1:22!22|MId=o170010220222|Strong=2050c|Type=pronominal 38 ׃ ׃ PUNCT _ _ 37 punct _ Ref=EST_1:22!22|SpaceAfter=No 39 פ פ PUNCT _ _ 37 punct _ Ref=EST_1:22!22 ``` ## Pragmatics {#pragmatics} - form: statement - act: narrate - voice: narrator - speech: narration - negation: no | verb | form · stem | who (A0) | what, whom (A1) | to whom, further (A2) | who makes it happen (AA) | | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | | יִּשְׁלַח *he sent out* | wayyiqtol · qal | | סְפָרִים *documents* | | | | הְיוֹת *be* | infinitive construct · qal | אִישׁ *man* | | | | | שֹׂרֵר *ruling* | participle active · qal | אִישׁ *man* | | | | | מְדַבֵּר *speaking* | participle active · piel | אִישׁ *man* | | | | MACULA's semantic frames: for each verb the head word of each participant. A0 is the one who acts, A1 what the act is done to or is about, A2 a further participant; AA, with a causative verb, the one who makes it happen. ## The Targum {#onkelos} וּשְׁלַח פִּיטְקִין כְּתִיבַן וַחֲתִימַן בְּעִזְקְתֵיהּ לְכָל פַּלְכֵי מַלְכָּא לְפֶלֶךְ וּפֶלֶךְ כְּמִכְתַּב רוּשְׁמֵיהּ וּלְוַת עַמָא וְעַמָא כְּמַמְלֵל לִישָׁנֵיהּ קָרֵי וְכֵן אֲמַר אַתּוּן עַמַיָא אוּמַיָא וְלִישָׁנַיָא דִי דַיְרִין בְּכָל מֶמְשַׁלְתִּי אִזְדַהֲרוּ לְמֶהֱוֵי כָל גְבַר מְסַרְבָן עַל אִתְּתֵיהּ וְכָפֵי לָהּ לְמֶהֱוֵי מְמַלְלָא בְּלִישָׁן גַבְרָא וּכְמַמְלָל עַמֵיהּ: The Aramaic translation read beside the Hebrew. Text only: Mova has no Aramaic parser yet. ## English, JPS 1917 {#english} Each sentence on its own page, with its tree and pragmatics. A sentence that runs on into the next verse is listed under the verse it begins in. 1. [for he sent letters into all the king's provinces, into every province according to the writing thereof, and to every people after their language, that every man should bear rule in his own house, and speak according to the language of his people.](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/ketuvim/jps/EST.22/) **Hebrew text:** Westminster Leningrad Codex, public domain. **Tree, glosses and frames:** MACULA Hebrew Linguistic Datasets, available at [github.com/Clear-Bible/macula-hebrew](https://github.com/Clear-Bible/macula-hebrew/), [CC BY 4.0](https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/); converted to Universal Dependencies by Mova (words in text order, a prefix its own word). **Speech act:** Mova's rules on the MACULA words (`macula prag`). **Targum:** Onkelos (Torat Emet), Jonathan and the Writings (Mikraot Gedolot), from Sefaria, public domain. **English:** JPS 1917, public domain; trees and speech acts by Mova's cycle, frames by Mova's reader (Elamur Cosmic License). Hebrew sentence `wlc:EST:21`. - ← previous: [Esther 1:21](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/ketuvim/EST.1.21/) - next →: [Esther 2:1](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/ketuvim/EST.2.1/) - ↑ back to [Esther 1](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/ketuvim/EST/1/)