--- title: Esther 1:3 — in the third year of his reign, he made a feast unto all his princes… · Hebrew, tree and pragmatics description: in the third year of his reign, he made a feast unto all his princes and his servants; the army of Persia and Media, the nobles and princes of the provinces, being before him; Who acts: Ahasuerus. Esther 1:3 in Hebrew with its dependency tree, the Targum, JPS 1917 and the pragmatics of every clause. --- [Mova](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) · [this page in HTML](https://mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/ketuvim/EST.1.3/) [home](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) / [corpora](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/) / [Tanakh](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/tanakh/) / [Ketuvim](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/ketuvim/) / [Esther](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/ketuvim/EST/) / [chapter 1](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/ketuvim/EST/1/) / 1:3 # Esther 1:3 אֶסְתֵּר **Who acts:** Ahasuerus · **What happens:** make, be · **To what, where:** feast This is Esther 1:3 from Mova's open Bible corpus, the Tanakh in three languages (Ketuvim — the Writings). The page gives the verse in Hebrew as the Westminster Leningrad Codex has it, its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, built from MACULA Hebrew — and its pragmatics: who acts — Ahasuerus — and what happens in the verse to feast, read clause by clause by Mova's frames. Beside it stand the Aramaic of the Targum and the English of the Jewish Publication Society's 1917 translation, each English sentence with a tree of its own. It is one of the 10 chapters of Esther on this site, all built by Mova itself from its own trees, with no large model in between. בִּשְׁנַ֤ת שָׁלוֹשׁ֙ לְמָלְכ֔וֹ עָשָׂ֣ה מִשְׁתֶּ֔ה לְכָל־שָׂרָ֖יו וַעֲבָדָ֑יו חֵ֣יל ׀ פָּרַ֣ס וּמָדַ֗י הַֽפַּרְתְּמִ֛ים וְשָׂרֵ֥י הַמְּדִינ֖וֹת לְפָנָֽיו׃ [in the third year of his reign, he made a feast unto all his princes and his servants; the army of Persia and Media, the nobles and princes of the provinces, being before him;](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/ketuvim/jps/EST.2/) ## The tree {#tree} Right to left, as the Hebrew is read; a prefix or suffix is a word of its own, and a line under the words joins those written as one. Under each word its part of speech and MACULA's English gloss. ```conllu rtl gloss # sent_id = wlc:EST:2 # text = בִּשְׁנַ֤ת שָׁלוֹשׁ֙ לְמָלְכ֔וֹ עָשָׂ֣ה מִשְׁתֶּ֔ה לְכָל־שָׂרָ֖יו וַעֲבָדָ֑יו חֵ֣יל ׀ פָּרַ֣ס וּמָדַ֗י הַֽפַּרְתְּמִ֛ים וְשָׂרֵ֥י הַמְּדִינ֖וֹת לְפָנָֽיו׃ # verse = EST.1.3 1-2 בִּשְׁנַ֤ת _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 1 בִּ בְּ ADP _ _ 2 case _ Gloss=in|Ref=EST_1:3!1|MId=o170010030011|Strong=0871a 2 שְׁנַ֤ת שָׁנָה NOUN _ Gender=Fem|Number=Sing 7 obl _ Gloss=year|Ref=EST_1:3!1|MId=o170010030012|Strong=8141 3 שָׁלוֹשׁ֙ שָׁלֹשׁ NUM _ Gender=Fem|Number=Sing 2 nummod _ Gloss=three|Ref=EST_1:3!2|MId=o170010030021|Strong=7969|Type=cardinal_number 4-6 לְמָלְכ֔וֹ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 4 לְ לְ ADP _ _ 5 case _ Gloss=of|Ref=EST_1:3!3|MId=o170010030031|Strong=3807a 5 מָלְכ מָלַךְ VERB _ HebBinyan=QAL 2 nmod _ Gloss=reigning|Ref=EST_1:3!3|MId=o170010030032|Strong=4427|Frame=A0:170010030033;|Type=infinitive_construct 6 ֔וֹ הוּא PRON _ Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs 5 nsubj _ Gloss=his|Ref=EST_1:3!3|MId=o170010030033|Strong=2050c|Type=pronominal 7 עָשָׂ֣ה עָשָׂה VERB _ Gender=Masc|HebBinyan=QAL|Number=Sing|Person=3 0 root _ Gloss=he.made|Ref=EST_1:3!4|MId=o170010030041|Strong=6213|Frame=A0:170010020042;A1:170010030051;|Type=qatal 8 מִשְׁתֶּ֔ה מִשְׁתֶּה NOUN _ Gender=Masc|Number=Sing 7 obj _ Gloss=a.feast|Ref=EST_1:3!5|MId=o170010030051|Strong=4960 9-10 לְכָל־ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 9 לְ לְ ADP _ _ 10 case _ Gloss=for|Ref=EST_1:3!6|MId=o170010030061|Strong=3807a 10 כָל־ כֹּל NOUN _ Gender=Masc|Number=Sing 7 obl _ Gloss=all|Ref=EST_1:3!6|MId=o170010030062|Strong=3605 11-12 שָׂרָ֖יו _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 11 שָׂרָ֖י שַׂר NOUN _ Gender=Masc|Number=Plur 10 compound:smixut _ Gloss=officials|Ref=EST_1:3!7|MId=o170010030071|Strong=8269 12 ו הוּא PRON _ Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs 11 nmod:poss _ Gloss=his|Ref=EST_1:3!7|MId=o170010030072|Strong=2050c|Type=pronominal 13-15 וַעֲבָדָ֑יו _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 13 וַ וְ CCONJ _ _ 14 cc _ Gloss=and|Ref=EST_1:3!8|MId=o170010030081|Strong=2050b 14 עֲבָדָ֑י עֶבֶד NOUN _ Gender=Masc|Number=Plur 11 conj _ Gloss=servants|Ref=EST_1:3!8|MId=o170010030082|Strong=5650 15 ו הוּא PRON _ Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs 14 nmod:poss _ Gloss=his|Ref=EST_1:3!8|MId=o170010030083|Strong=2050c|Type=pronominal 16 חֵ֣יל חַיִל NOUN _ Gender=Masc|Number=Sing 28 nsubj _ Gloss=the.army|Ref=EST_1:3!9|MId=o170010030091|Strong=2428 17 ׀ ׀ PUNCT _ _ 16 punct _ Ref=EST_1:3!9 18 פָּרַ֣ס פָּרַס PROPN _ _ 16 compound:smixut _ Gloss=of.Persia|Ref=EST_1:3!10|MId=o170010030101|Strong=6539 19-20 וּמָדַ֗י _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 19 וּ וְ CCONJ _ _ 20 cc _ Gloss=and|Ref=EST_1:3!11|MId=o170010030111|Strong=2050b 20 מָדַ֗י מָדַי PROPN _ _ 18 conj _ Gloss=Media|Ref=EST_1:3!11|MId=o170010030112|Strong=4074 21-22 הַֽפַּרְתְּמִ֛ים _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 21 הַֽ הַ DET _ PronType=Art 22 det _ Gloss=the|Ref=EST_1:3!12|MId=o170010030121|Strong=1886a|Type=definite_article 22 פַּרְתְּמִ֛ים פַּרְתְּמִים NOUN _ Gender=Masc|Number=Plur 16 conj _ Gloss=nobles|Ref=EST_1:3!12|MId=o170010030122|Strong=6579 23-24 וְשָׂרֵ֥י _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 23 וְ וְ CCONJ _ _ 24 cc _ Gloss=and|Ref=EST_1:3!13|MId=o170010030131|Strong=2050b 24 שָׂרֵ֥י שַׂר NOUN _ Gender=Masc|Number=Plur 16 conj _ Gloss=the.officials|Ref=EST_1:3!13|MId=o170010030132|Strong=8269 25-26 הַמְּדִינ֖וֹת _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 25 הַ הַ DET _ PronType=Art 26 det _ Gloss=of|Ref=EST_1:3!14|MId=o170010030141|Strong=1886a|Type=definite_article 26 מְּדִינ֖וֹת מְדִינָה NOUN _ Gender=Fem|Number=Plur 24 compound:smixut _ Gloss=the.provinces|Ref=EST_1:3!14|MId=o170010030142|Strong=4082 27-29 לְפָנָֽיו _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 27 לְ לְ ADP _ _ 28 case _ Gloss=[were]|Ref=EST_1:3!15|MId=o170010030151|Strong=3807a 28 פָנָֽי פָּנֶה NOUN _ Number=Plur 7 parataxis _ Gloss=before|Ref=EST_1:3!15|MId=o170010030152|Strong=6440 29 ו הוּא PRON _ Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs 28 nmod:poss _ Gloss=him|Ref=EST_1:3!15|MId=o170010030153|Strong=2050c|Type=pronominal 30 ׃ ׃ PUNCT _ _ 29 punct _ Ref=EST_1:3!15 ``` ## Pragmatics {#pragmatics} - form: statement - act: assert - voice: narrator - speech: narration - negation: no | verb | form · stem | who (A0) | what, whom (A1) | to whom, further (A2) | who makes it happen (AA) | | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | | מָלְכ *reigning* | infinitive construct · qal | וֹ *his* | | | | | עָשָׂה *he made* | qatal · qal | | מִשְׁתֶּה *a feast* | | | MACULA's semantic frames: for each verb the head word of each participant. A0 is the one who acts, A1 what the act is done to or is about, A2 a further participant; AA, with a causative verb, the one who makes it happen. ## The Targum {#onkelos} בְּשַׁתָּא דִתְלַת לְמַלְכוּתֵיהּ דַאֲחַשְׁוֵרוֹשׁ עָבַד מַשְׁקַיָא וּמְטוּל מַה עֲבַד מַשְׁקַיָא אִית דְאָמְרִין דְמָרְדִין עֲלוֹהִי אֵפַרְכַיָא וַאֲזַל וְכַבְּשִׁנוּן וּבָתַר דַאֲכַבְּשִׁינוּן אָתָא וְעָבַד מַשְׁקַיָא וְאִית דְאָמַר יוֹמָא דְאֵידָא הֲוָה לֵיהּ וּשְׁדַר אִגַרְתָּא לְכוּלְהֶן מְדִינָתָא לְמֵיתֵי לְמֶעְבַּד קֳדָמוֹי חֶדְוָתָא שְׁלַח וְזַמֵן כָּל רַבְרְבָנֵי מְדִינְתָא דְיֵיתוּן וְיֶחְדוּן עִמֵיהּ וַאֲתוּ קֳדָמוֹי מֵאָה וְעַסְרִין וּשְׁבַע מַלְכִין מִן מְאָה וְעַסְרִין וּשְׁבַע מְדִינָן וְכוּלְהוֹן קְטִירֵי תָגֵי בְּרֵישֵׁיהוֹן וַהֲוָן סְמִיכִין לֵיהּ עַל גִנְזֵי מִילָתָא וְאָכְלִין וְחַדְיָין קֳדָם מַלְכָּא וַהֲוָן פַּרְתּוּנָאֵי וְרַבְרְבָנֵי מְדִינְתָא קֳדָמוֹי וּמִן רַבְרְבָנֵי יִשְׂרָאֵל הֲווּ תַמָן מְטוּל דַחֲזוּ תַמָן מָאנֵי בֵית מַקְדְשָׁא הֲוָן בָּכְיָן וּמַסְפְּדָן תַּמָן: The Aramaic translation read beside the Hebrew. Text only: Mova has no Aramaic parser yet. ## English, JPS 1917 {#english} Each sentence on its own page, with its tree and pragmatics. A sentence that runs on into the next verse is listed under the verse it begins in. 1. [in the third year of his reign, he made a feast unto all his princes and his servants; the army of Persia and Media, the nobles and princes of the provinces, being before him;](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/ketuvim/jps/EST.2/) **Hebrew text:** Westminster Leningrad Codex, public domain. **Tree, glosses and frames:** MACULA Hebrew Linguistic Datasets, available at [github.com/Clear-Bible/macula-hebrew](https://github.com/Clear-Bible/macula-hebrew/), [CC BY 4.0](https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/); converted to Universal Dependencies by Mova (words in text order, a prefix its own word). **Speech act:** Mova's rules on the MACULA words (`macula prag`). **Targum:** Onkelos (Torat Emet), Jonathan and the Writings (Mikraot Gedolot), from Sefaria, public domain. **English:** JPS 1917, public domain; trees and speech acts by Mova's cycle, frames by Mova's reader (Elamur Cosmic License). Hebrew sentence `wlc:EST:2`. - ← previous: [Esther 1:2](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/ketuvim/EST.1.2/) - next →: [Esther 1:4](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/ketuvim/EST.1.4/) - ↑ back to [Esther 1](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/ketuvim/EST/1/)