--- title: Esther 3:1 — After these things did king Ahasuerus promote Haman the son of Hamme… · Hebrew, tree and pragmatics description: After these things did king Ahasuerus promote Haman the son of Hammedatha the Agagite, and advanced him, and set his seat above all the princes that were with him. Who acts: king Ahasuerus, princes. Esther 3:1 in Hebrew with its dependency tree, the Targum, JPS 1917 and the pragmatics of every claus --- [Mova](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) · [this page in HTML](https://mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/ketuvim/EST.3.1/) [home](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) / [corpora](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/) / [Tanakh](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/tanakh/) / [Ketuvim](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/ketuvim/) / [Esther](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/ketuvim/EST/) / [chapter 3](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/ketuvim/EST/3/) / 3:1 # Esther 3:1 אֶסְתֵּר **Who acts:** king Ahasuerus, princes · **What happens:** promote, advance, set, be · **To what, where:** Haman, seat This is Esther 3:1 from Mova's open Bible corpus, the Tanakh in three languages (Ketuvim — the Writings). The page gives the verse in Hebrew as the Westminster Leningrad Codex has it, its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, built from MACULA Hebrew — and its pragmatics: who acts — king Ahasuerus, princes — and what happens in the verse to Haman, seat, read clause by clause by Mova's frames. Beside it stand the Aramaic of the Targum and the English of the Jewish Publication Society's 1917 translation, each English sentence with a tree of its own. It is one of the 10 chapters of Esther on this site, all built by Mova itself from its own trees, with no large model in between. אַחַ֣ר ׀ הַדְּבָרִ֣ים הָאֵ֗לֶּה גִּדַּל֩ הַמֶּ֨לֶךְ אֲחַשְׁוֵר֜וֹשׁ אֶת־הָמָ֧ן בֶּֽן־הַמְּדָ֛תָא הָאֲגָגִ֖י וַֽיְנַשְּׂאֵ֑הוּ וַיָּ֙שֶׂם֙ אֶת־כִּסְא֔וֹ מֵעַ֕ל כָּל־הַשָּׂרִ֖ים אֲשֶׁ֥ר אִתּֽוֹ׃ [After these things did king Ahasuerus promote Haman the son of Hammedatha the Agagite, and advanced him, and set his seat above all the princes that were with him.](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/ketuvim/jps/EST.47/) ## The tree {#tree} Right to left, as the Hebrew is read; a prefix or suffix is a word of its own, and a line under the words joins those written as one. Under each word its part of speech and MACULA's English gloss. ```conllu rtl gloss # sent_id = wlc:EST:45 # text = אַחַ֣ר ׀ הַדְּבָרִ֣ים הָאֵ֗לֶּה גִּדַּל֩ הַמֶּ֨לֶךְ אֲחַשְׁוֵר֜וֹשׁ אֶת־הָמָ֧ן בֶּֽן־הַמְּדָ֛תָא הָאֲגָגִ֖י וַֽיְנַשְּׂאֵ֑הוּ וַיָּ֙שֶׂם֙ אֶת־כִּסְא֔וֹ מֵעַ֕ל כָּל־הַשָּׂרִ֖ים אֲשֶׁ֥ר אִתּֽוֹ׃ # verse = EST.3.1 1 אַחַ֣ר אַחַר ADP _ _ 4 case _ Gloss=after|Ref=EST_3:1!1|MId=o170030010011|Strong=0310 2 ׀ ׀ PUNCT _ _ 1 punct _ Ref=EST_3:1!1 3-4 הַדְּבָרִ֣ים _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 3 הַ הַ DET _ PronType=Art 4 det _ Gloss=the|Ref=EST_3:1!2|MId=o170030010021|Strong=1886a|Type=definite_article 4 דְּבָרִ֣ים דָּבָר NOUN _ Gender=Masc|Number=Plur 7 obl _ Gloss=things|Ref=EST_3:1!2|MId=o170030010022|Strong=1697 5-6 הָאֵ֗לֶּה _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 5 הָ הַ DET _ PronType=Art 6 det _ Gloss=(the)|Ref=EST_3:1!3|MId=o170030010031|Strong=1886a|Type=definite_article 6 אֵ֗לֶּה אֵלֶּה DET _ Gender=Com|Number=Plur|PronType=Dem 4 det _ Gloss=these|Ref=EST_3:1!3|MId=o170030010032|Strong=0428|Type=demonstrative 7 גִּדַּל֩ גָּדַל VERB _ Gender=Masc|HebBinyan=PIEL|Number=Sing|Person=3 0 root _ Gloss=he.made.great|Ref=EST_3:1!4|MId=o170030010041|Strong=1431|Frame=A0:170030010052;A1:170030010081;|Type=qatal 8-9 הַמֶּ֨לֶךְ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 8 הַ הַ DET _ PronType=Art 9 det _ Gloss=the|Ref=EST_3:1!5|MId=o170030010051|Strong=1886a|Type=definite_article 9 מֶּ֨לֶךְ מֶלֶךְ NOUN _ Gender=Masc|Number=Sing 7 nsubj _ Gloss=king|Ref=EST_3:1!5|MId=o170030010052|Strong=4428 10 אֲחַשְׁוֵר֜וֹשׁ אֲחַשְׁוֵרוֹשׁ PROPN _ _ 9 appos _ Gloss=Ahasuerus|Ref=EST_3:1!6|MId=o170030010061|Strong=0325 11 אֶת־ אֵת ADP _ _ 12 case _ Gloss=(et)|Ref=EST_3:1!7|MId=o170030010071|Strong=0853|Type=direct_object_marker|SpaceAfter=No 12 הָמָ֧ן הָמָן PROPN _ _ 7 obj _ Gloss=Haman|Ref=EST_3:1!8|MId=o170030010081|Strong=2001 13 בֶּֽן־ בֵּן NOUN _ Gender=Masc|Number=Sing 12 appos _ Gloss=the.son|Ref=EST_3:1!9|MId=o170030010091|Strong=1121|SpaceAfter=No 14 הַמְּדָ֛תָא הַמְּדָתָא PROPN _ _ 13 compound:smixut _ Gloss=of.Hammedatha|Ref=EST_3:1!10|MId=o170030010101|Strong=4099a 15-16 הָאֲגָגִ֖י _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 15 הָ הַ DET _ PronType=Art 16 det _ Gloss=the|Ref=EST_3:1!11|MId=o170030010111|Strong=1886a|Type=definite_article 16 אֲגָגִ֖י אֲגָגִי NOUN _ Gender=Masc|Number=Sing 12 appos _ Gloss=Agagite|Ref=EST_3:1!11|MId=o170030010112|Strong=0091|Type=gentilic 17-19 וַֽיְנַשְּׂאֵ֑הוּ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 17 וַֽ וְ CCONJ _ _ 18 cc _ Gloss=and|Ref=EST_3:1!12|MId=o170030010121|Strong=2050b 18 יְנַשְּׂא נָשָׂא VERB _ Gender=Masc|HebBinyan=PIEL|Number=Sing|Person=3 7 conj _ Gloss=he|Ref=EST_3:1!12|MId=o170030010122|Strong=5375|Frame=A0:170030010052;A1:170030010123;|Type=wayyiqtol 19 ֵ֑הוּ הוּא PRON _ Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs 18 obj _ Gloss=exalted.him|Ref=EST_3:1!12|MId=o170030010123|Strong=1930a|Type=pronominal 20-21 וַיָּ֙שֶׂם֙ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 20 וַ וְ CCONJ _ _ 21 cc _ Gloss=and|Ref=EST_3:1!13|MId=o170030010131|Strong=2050b 21 יָּ֙שֶׂם֙ שׂים VERB _ Gender=Masc|HebBinyan=QAL|Number=Sing|Person=3 7 conj _ Gloss=he.placed|Ref=EST_3:1!13|MId=o170030010132|Strong=7760|Frame=A0:170030010052;A1:170030010151;|Type=wayyiqtol 22 אֶת־ אֵת ADP _ _ 23 case _ Gloss=(et)|Ref=EST_3:1!14|MId=o170030010141|Strong=0853|Type=direct_object_marker|SpaceAfter=No 23-24 כִּסְא֔וֹ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 23 כִּסְא כִּסֵּא NOUN _ Gender=Masc|Number=Sing 21 obj _ Gloss=seat|Ref=EST_3:1!15|MId=o170030010151|Strong=3678 24 ֔וֹ הוּא PRON _ Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs 23 nmod:poss _ Gloss=his|Ref=EST_3:1!15|MId=o170030010152|Strong=2050c|Type=pronominal 25-26 מֵעַ֕ל _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 25 מֵ מִן ADP _ _ 27 case _ Gloss=(from)|Ref=EST_3:1!16|MId=o170030010161|Strong=4480 26 עַ֕ל עַל ADP _ _ 27 case _ Gloss=above|Ref=EST_3:1!16|MId=o170030010162|Strong=5921 27 כָּל־ כֹּל NOUN _ Gender=Masc|Number=Sing 21 obl _ Gloss=all|Ref=EST_3:1!17|MId=o170030010171|Strong=3605|SpaceAfter=No 28-29 הַשָּׂרִ֖ים _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 28 הַ הַ DET _ PronType=Art 29 det _ Gloss=the|Ref=EST_3:1!18|MId=o170030010181|Strong=1886a|Type=definite_article 29 שָּׂרִ֖ים שַׂר NOUN _ Gender=Masc|Number=Plur 27 compound:smixut _ Gloss=officials|Ref=EST_3:1!18|MId=o170030010182|Strong=8269 30 אֲשֶׁ֥ר אֲשֶׁר SCONJ _ _ 32 mark _ Gloss=who|Ref=EST_3:1!19|MId=o170030010191|Strong=0834|Type=relative 31-32 אִתּֽוֹ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 31 אִתּ אֵת ADP _ _ 32 case _ Gloss=[were].with|Ref=EST_3:1!20|MId=o170030010201|Strong=0854 32 ֽוֹ הוּא PRON _ Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs 27 acl:relcl _ Gloss=him|Ref=EST_3:1!20|MId=o170030010202|Strong=2050c|Type=pronominal 33 ׃ ׃ PUNCT _ _ 32 punct _ Ref=EST_3:1!20 ``` ## Pragmatics {#pragmatics} - form: statement - act: assert - voice: narrator - speech: narration - negation: no | verb | form · stem | who (A0) | what, whom (A1) | to whom, further (A2) | who makes it happen (AA) | | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | | גִּדַּל *he made great* | qatal · piel | מֶּלֶךְ *king* | הָמָן *Haman* | | | | יְנַשְּׂא *he* | wayyiqtol · piel | מֶּלֶךְ *king* | ֵהוּ *exalted him* | | | | יָּשֶׂם *he placed* | wayyiqtol · qal | מֶּלֶךְ *king* | כִּסְא *seat* | | | MACULA's semantic frames: for each verb the head word of each participant. A0 is the one who acts, A1 what the act is done to or is about, A2 a further participant; AA, with a causative verb, the one who makes it happen. ## The Targum {#onkelos} בָּתַר פִּתְגָמַיָא הָאִלֵין עֲלַת מִדַת דִינָא קֳדָם רִבּוֹן כָּל עַלְמָא וְכֵן אֲמָרַת הֲלָא הָמָן רַשִׁיעָא נְחַת מִן שׁוּשַׁן לִירוּשְׁלֵם לְבַטָלָא בִּנְיַן בֵּית מוּקְדְשָׁךְ וְהָא כְעַן רַבֵּי מַלְכָּא אֲחַשְׁוֵרוֹשׁ יַת הָמָן בַּר הַמְדָתָא דִי מִזַרְעִית אֲגַג בַּר עֲמָלֵק רַשִׁיעָא וּמַנְיָהּ רַב עַל כּוֹלָא וְתַקְנִין יַת כּוּרְסֵיהּ מֵעִלוֹי כָּל רַבְרְבָנַיָא דִי עִמֵיהּ עָנֵי מָרֵי עַלְמָא עַד כְּדוֹ לָא אִשְׁתְּמוֹדַע בְּעַלְמָא פְּסִיקוּ מִנִי עַד דִי יִתְרַבְרַב וְיִשְׁתְּמוֹדַע לְכָל עַמְמַיָא וּמִן בָּתַר כֵּן אִתְפְּרַע מִנֵיהּ עַל כָּל עַקְתִין דִי יַעֲבֵיד אִיהוּ וְאַבְהָתוֹי לְעַמָא בֵּית יִשְׂרָאֵל: The Aramaic translation read beside the Hebrew. Text only: Mova has no Aramaic parser yet. ## English, JPS 1917 {#english} Each sentence on its own page, with its tree and pragmatics. A sentence that runs on into the next verse is listed under the verse it begins in. 1. [After these things did king Ahasuerus promote Haman the son of Hammedatha the Agagite, and advanced him, and set his seat above all the princes that were with him.](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/ketuvim/jps/EST.47/) **Hebrew text:** Westminster Leningrad Codex, public domain. **Tree, glosses and frames:** MACULA Hebrew Linguistic Datasets, available at [github.com/Clear-Bible/macula-hebrew](https://github.com/Clear-Bible/macula-hebrew/), [CC BY 4.0](https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/); converted to Universal Dependencies by Mova (words in text order, a prefix its own word). **Speech act:** Mova's rules on the MACULA words (`macula prag`). **Targum:** Onkelos (Torat Emet), Jonathan and the Writings (Mikraot Gedolot), from Sefaria, public domain. **English:** JPS 1917, public domain; trees and speech acts by Mova's cycle, frames by Mova's reader (Elamur Cosmic License). Hebrew sentence `wlc:EST:45`. - ← previous: [Esther 2:23](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/ketuvim/EST.2.23/) - next →: [Esther 3:2](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/ketuvim/EST.3.2/) - ↑ back to [Esther 3](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/ketuvim/EST/3/)