--- title: Esther 3:12 — Then were the king's scribes called in the first month, on the thirt… · Hebrew, tree and pragmatics description: Then were the king's scribes called in the first month, on the thirteenth day thereof, and there was written, according to all that Haman commanded, unto the king's satraps, and to the governors that were over every province, and to the princes of every people; to every province according to the wri --- [Mova](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) · [this page in HTML](https://mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/ketuvim/EST.3.12/) [home](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) / [corpora](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/) / [Tanakh](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/tanakh/) / [Ketuvim](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/ketuvim/) / [Esther](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/ketuvim/EST/) / [chapter 3](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/ketuvim/EST/3/) / 3:12 # Esther 3:12 אֶסְתֵּר **Who acts:** Haman, governors · **What happens:** call, write, accord, command, be, seal · **To what, where:** scribes, province, silver, name, king Ahasuerus · **Speech:** someone speaks in this verse This is Esther 3:12 from Mova's open Bible corpus, the Tanakh in three languages (Ketuvim — the Writings). The page gives the verse in Hebrew as the Westminster Leningrad Codex has it, its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, built from MACULA Hebrew — and its pragmatics: who acts — Haman, governors — and what happens in the verse to scribes, province, silver, name, king Ahasuerus, read clause by clause by Mova's frames. Beside it stand the Aramaic of the Targum and the English of the Jewish Publication Society's 1917 translation, each English sentence with a tree of its own. It is one of the 10 chapters of Esther on this site, all built by Mova itself from its own trees, with no large model in between. וַיִּקָּרְאוּ֩ סֹפְרֵ֨י הַמֶּ֜לֶךְ בַּחֹ֣דֶשׁ הָרִאשׁ֗וֹן בִּשְׁלוֹשָׁ֨ה עָשָׂ֣ר יוֹם֮ בּוֹ֒ וַיִּכָּתֵ֣ב כְּֽכָל־אֲשֶׁר־צִוָּ֣ה הָמָ֡ן אֶ֣ל אֲחַשְׁדַּרְפְּנֵֽי־הַ֠מֶּלֶךְ וְֽאֶל־הַפַּח֞וֹת אֲשֶׁ֣ר ׀ עַל־מְדִינָ֣ה וּמְדִינָ֗ה וְאֶל־שָׂ֤רֵי עַם֙ וָעָ֔ם מְדִינָ֤ה וּמְדִינָה֙ כִּכְתָבָ֔הּ וְעַ֥ם וָעָ֖ם כִּלְשׁוֹנ֑וֹ בְּשֵׁ֨ם הַמֶּ֤לֶךְ אֲחַשְׁוֵרֹשׁ֙ נִכְתָּ֔ב וְנֶחְתָּ֖ם בְּטַבַּ֥עַת הַמֶּֽלֶךְ׃ [Then were the king's scribes called in the first month, on the thirteenth day thereof, and there was written, according to all that Haman commanded, unto the king's satraps, and to the governors that were over every province, and to the princes of every people; to every province according to the writing thereof, and to every people after their language; in the name of king Ahasuerus was it written, and it was sealed with the king's ring.](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/ketuvim/jps/EST.59/) ## The tree {#tree} Right to left, as the Hebrew is read; a prefix or suffix is a word of its own, and a line under the words joins those written as one. Under each word its part of speech and MACULA's English gloss. ```conllu rtl gloss # sent_id = wlc:EST:56 # text = וַיִּקָּרְאוּ֩ סֹפְרֵ֨י הַמֶּ֜לֶךְ בַּחֹ֣דֶשׁ הָרִאשׁ֗וֹן בִּשְׁלוֹשָׁ֨ה עָשָׂ֣ר יוֹם֮ בּוֹ֒ וַיִּכָּתֵ֣ב כְּֽכָל־אֲשֶׁר־צִוָּ֣ה הָמָ֡ן אֶ֣ל אֲחַשְׁדַּרְפְּנֵֽי־הַ֠מֶּלֶךְ וְֽאֶל־הַפַּח֞וֹת אֲשֶׁ֣ר ׀ עַל־מְדִינָ֣ה וּמְדִינָ֗ה וְאֶל־שָׂ֤רֵי עַם֙ וָעָ֔ם מְדִינָ֤ה וּמְדִינָה֙ כִּכְתָבָ֔הּ וְעַ֥ם וָעָ֖ם כִּלְשׁוֹנ֑וֹ בְּשֵׁ֨ם הַמֶּ֤לֶךְ אֲחַשְׁוֵרֹשׁ֙ נִכְתָּ֔ב וְנֶחְתָּ֖ם בְּטַבַּ֥עַת הַמֶּֽלֶךְ׃ # verse = EST.3.12 1-2 וַיִּקָּרְאוּ֩ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 1 וַ וְ CCONJ _ _ 2 cc _ Gloss=and|Ref=EST_3:12!1|MId=o170030120011|Strong=2050b 2 יִּקָּרְאוּ֩ קָרָא VERB _ Gender=Masc|HebBinyan=NIPHAL|Number=Plur|Person=3 0 root _ Gloss=they.were.summoned|Ref=EST_3:12!1|MId=o170030120012|Strong=7121|Frame=A1:170030120021;|Type=wayyiqtol 3 סֹפְרֵ֨י סֹפֵר NOUN _ Gender=Masc|Number=Plur 2 nsubj _ Gloss=the.scribes|Ref=EST_3:12!2|MId=o170030120021|Strong=5608a 4-5 הַמֶּ֜לֶךְ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 4 הַ הַ DET _ PronType=Art 5 det _ Gloss=of|Ref=EST_3:12!3|MId=o170030120031|Strong=1886a|Type=definite_article 5 מֶּ֜לֶךְ מֶלֶךְ NOUN _ Gender=Masc|Number=Sing 3 compound:smixut _ Gloss=the.king|Ref=EST_3:12!3|MId=o170030120032|Strong=4428 6-8 בַּחֹ֣דֶשׁ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 6 בַּ בְּ ADP _ _ 8 case _ Gloss=in|Ref=EST_3:12!4|MId=o170030120041|Strong=0871a 7 ה הַ DET _ PronType=Art 8 det _ Gloss=the|Ref=EST_3:12!4|MId=o170030120041ה|Strong=1886a|Type=definite_article 8 חֹ֣דֶשׁ חֹדֶשׁ NOUN _ Gender=Masc|Number=Sing 2 obl _ Gloss=month|Ref=EST_3:12!4|MId=o170030120042|Strong=2320 9-10 הָרִאשׁ֗וֹן _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 9 הָ הַ DET _ PronType=Art 10 det _ Gloss=(the)|Ref=EST_3:12!5|MId=o170030120051|Strong=1886a|Type=definite_article 10 רִאשׁ֗וֹן רִאשׁוֹן ADJ _ Gender=Masc|Number=Sing 8 amod _ Gloss=first|Ref=EST_3:12!5|MId=o170030120052|Strong=7223|Type=ordinal_number 11-12 בִּשְׁלוֹשָׁ֨ה _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 11 בִּ בְּ ADP _ _ 14 case _ Gloss=on|Ref=EST_3:12!6|MId=o170030120061|Strong=0871a 12 שְׁלוֹשָׁ֨ה שָׁלֹשׁ NUM _ Gender=Masc|Number=Sing 14 nummod _ Gloss=thir-|Ref=EST_3:12!6|MId=o170030120062|Strong=7969|Type=cardinal_number 13 עָשָׂ֣ר עָשָׂר NUM _ Gender=Masc|Number=Sing 12 flat _ Gloss=teenth|Ref=EST_3:12!7|MId=o170030120071|Strong=6240|Type=cardinal_number 14 יוֹם֮ יוֹם NOUN _ Gender=Masc|Number=Sing 8 conj _ Gloss=day|Ref=EST_3:12!8|MId=o170030120081|Strong=3117 15-16 בּוֹ֒ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 15 בּ בְּ ADP _ _ 16 case _ Gloss=in|Ref=EST_3:12!9|MId=o170030120091|Strong=0871a 16 וֹ֒ הוּא PRON _ Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs 14 nmod _ Gloss=it|Ref=EST_3:12!9|MId=o170030120092|Strong=2050c|Type=pronominal 17-18 וַיִּכָּתֵ֣ב _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 17 וַ וְ CCONJ _ _ 18 cc _ Gloss=and|Ref=EST_3:12!10|MId=o170030120101|Strong=2050b 18 יִּכָּתֵ֣ב כָּתַב VERB _ Gender=Masc|HebBinyan=NIPHAL|Number=Sing|Person=3 2 conj _ Gloss=it.was.written|Ref=EST_3:12!10|MId=o170030120102|Strong=3789|Type=wayyiqtol 19-20 כְּֽכָל־ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 19 כְּֽ כְּ ADP _ _ 20 case _ Gloss=according|Ref=EST_3:12!11|MId=o170030120111|Strong=3509a 20 כָל־ כֹּל NOUN _ Gender=Masc|Number=Sing 18 obl _ Gloss=to.all|Ref=EST_3:12!11|MId=o170030120112|Strong=3605 21 אֲשֶׁר־ אֲשֶׁר SCONJ _ _ 22 mark _ Gloss=that|Ref=EST_3:12!12|MId=o170030120121|Strong=0834|Type=relative|SpaceAfter=No 22 צִוָּ֣ה צָוָה VERB _ Gender=Masc|HebBinyan=PIEL|Number=Sing|Person=3 20 acl:relcl _ Gloss=he.commanded|Ref=EST_3:12!13|MId=o170030120131|Strong=6680|Frame=A0:170030120141;A1:170030120112;|Type=qatal 23 הָמָ֡ן הָמָן PROPN _ _ 22 nsubj _ Gloss=Haman|Ref=EST_3:12!14|MId=o170030120141|Strong=2001 24 אֶ֣ל אֶל ADP _ _ 25 case _ Gloss=to|Ref=EST_3:12!15|MId=o170030120151|Strong=0413 25 אֲחַשְׁדַּרְפְּנֵֽי־ אֲחַשְׁדַּרְפַּן NOUN _ Gender=Masc|Number=Plur 18 obl _ Gloss=the.satraps|Ref=EST_3:12!16|MId=o170030120161|Strong=0323|SpaceAfter=No 26-27 הַ֠מֶּלֶךְ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 26 הַ֠ הַ DET _ PronType=Art 27 det _ Gloss=of|Ref=EST_3:12!17|MId=o170030120171|Strong=1886a|Type=definite_article 27 מֶּלֶךְ מֶלֶךְ NOUN _ Gender=Masc|Number=Sing 25 compound:smixut _ Gloss=the.king|Ref=EST_3:12!17|MId=o170030120172|Strong=4428 28-29 וְֽאֶל־ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 28 וְֽ וְ CCONJ _ _ 31 cc _ Gloss=and|Ref=EST_3:12!18|MId=o170030120181|Strong=2050b 29 אֶל־ אֶל ADP _ _ 31 case _ Gloss=to|Ref=EST_3:12!18|MId=o170030120182|Strong=0413 30-31 הַפַּח֞וֹת _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 30 הַ הַ DET _ PronType=Art 31 det _ Gloss=the|Ref=EST_3:12!19|MId=o170030120191|Strong=1886a|Type=definite_article 31 פַּח֞וֹת פֶּחָה NOUN _ Gender=Masc|Number=Plur 25 conj _ Gloss=governors|Ref=EST_3:12!19|MId=o170030120192|Strong=6346 32 אֲשֶׁ֣ר אֲשֶׁר SCONJ _ _ 35 mark _ Gloss=who|Ref=EST_3:12!20|MId=o170030120201|Strong=0834|Type=relative 33 ׀ ׀ PUNCT _ _ 32 punct _ Ref=EST_3:12!20 34 עַל־ עַל ADP _ _ 35 case _ Gloss=[were].over|Ref=EST_3:12!21|MId=o170030120211|Strong=5921|SpaceAfter=No 35 מְדִינָ֣ה מְדִינָה NOUN _ Gender=Fem|Number=Sing 31 acl:relcl _ Gloss=province|Ref=EST_3:12!22|MId=o170030120221|Strong=4082 36-37 וּמְדִינָ֗ה _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 36 וּ וְ CCONJ _ _ 37 cc _ Gloss=and|Ref=EST_3:12!23|MId=o170030120231|Strong=2050b 37 מְדִינָ֗ה מְדִינָה NOUN _ Gender=Fem|Number=Sing 35 conj _ Gloss=province|Ref=EST_3:12!23|MId=o170030120232|Strong=4082 38-39 וְאֶל־ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 38 וְ וְ CCONJ _ _ 40 cc _ Gloss=and|Ref=EST_3:12!24|MId=o170030120241|Strong=2050b 39 אֶל־ אֶל ADP _ _ 40 case _ Gloss=to|Ref=EST_3:12!24|MId=o170030120242|Strong=0413 40 שָׂ֤רֵי שַׂר NOUN _ Gender=Masc|Number=Plur 25 conj _ Gloss=[the].officials|Ref=EST_3:12!25|MId=o170030120251|Strong=8269 41 עַם֙ עַם NOUN _ Gender=Masc|Number=Sing 40 compound:smixut _ Gloss=of.people|Ref=EST_3:12!26|MId=o170030120261|Strong=5971 42-43 וָעָ֔ם _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 42 וָ וְ CCONJ _ _ 43 cc _ Gloss=and|Ref=EST_3:12!27|MId=o170030120271|Strong=2050b 43 עָ֔ם עַם NOUN _ Gender=Masc|Number=Sing 41 conj _ Gloss=people|Ref=EST_3:12!27|MId=o170030120272|Strong=5971 44 מְדִינָ֤ה מְדִינָה NOUN _ Gender=Fem|Number=Sing 2 parataxis _ Gloss=province|Ref=EST_3:12!28|MId=o170030120281|Strong=4082 45-46 וּמְדִינָה֙ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 45 וּ וְ CCONJ _ _ 46 cc _ Gloss=and|Ref=EST_3:12!29|MId=o170030120291|Strong=2050b 46 מְדִינָה֙ מְדִינָה NOUN _ Gender=Fem|Number=Sing 44 conj _ Gloss=province|Ref=EST_3:12!29|MId=o170030120292|Strong=4082 47-49 כִּכְתָבָ֔הּ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 47 כִּ כְּ ADP _ _ 48 case _ Gloss=according|Ref=EST_3:12!30|MId=o170030120301|Strong=3509a 48 כְתָב כְּתָב NOUN _ Gender=Masc|Number=Sing 44 obl _ Gloss=to|Ref=EST_3:12!30|MId=o170030120302|Strong=3791 49 ָ֔הּ הוּא PRON _ Gender=Fem|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs 48 nmod:poss _ Gloss=its.writing|Ref=EST_3:12!30|MId=o170030120303|Strong=1886d|Type=pronominal 50-51 וְעַ֥ם _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 50 וְ וְ CCONJ _ _ 51 cc _ Gloss=and|Ref=EST_3:12!31|MId=o170030120311|Strong=2050b 51 עַ֥ם עַם NOUN _ Gender=Masc|Number=Sing 2 conj _ Gloss=people|Ref=EST_3:12!31|MId=o170030120312|Strong=5971 52-53 וָעָ֖ם _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 52 וָ וְ CCONJ _ _ 53 cc _ Gloss=and|Ref=EST_3:12!32|MId=o170030120321|Strong=2050b 53 עָ֖ם עַם NOUN _ Gender=Masc|Number=Sing 51 conj _ Gloss=people|Ref=EST_3:12!32|MId=o170030120322|Strong=5971 54-56 כִּלְשׁוֹנ֑וֹ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 54 כִּ כְּ ADP _ _ 55 case _ Gloss=according|Ref=EST_3:12!33|MId=o170030120331|Strong=3509a 55 לְשׁוֹנ לָשׁוֹן NOUN _ Number=Sing 51 obl _ Gloss=to|Ref=EST_3:12!33|MId=o170030120332|Strong=3956 56 ֑וֹ הוּא PRON _ Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs 55 nmod:poss _ Gloss=its.language|Ref=EST_3:12!33|MId=o170030120333|Strong=2050c|Type=pronominal 57-58 בְּשֵׁ֨ם _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 57 בְּ בְּ ADP _ _ 58 case _ Gloss=in|Ref=EST_3:12!34|MId=o170030120341|Strong=0871a 58 שֵׁ֨ם שֵׁם NOUN _ Gender=Masc|Number=Sing 62 obl _ Gloss=the.name|Ref=EST_3:12!34|MId=o170030120342|Strong=8034 59-60 הַמֶּ֤לֶךְ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 59 הַ הַ DET _ PronType=Art 60 det _ Gloss=of|Ref=EST_3:12!35|MId=o170030120351|Strong=1886a|Type=definite_article 60 מֶּ֤לֶךְ מֶלֶךְ NOUN _ Gender=Masc|Number=Sing 58 compound:smixut _ Gloss=the.king|Ref=EST_3:12!35|MId=o170030120352|Strong=4428 61 אֲחַשְׁוֵרֹשׁ֙ אֲחַשְׁוֵרוֹשׁ PROPN _ _ 60 appos _ Gloss=Ahasuerus|Ref=EST_3:12!36|MId=o170030120361|Strong=0325 62 נִכְתָּ֔ב כָּתַב VERB _ Gender=Masc|HebBinyan=NIPHAL|Number=Sing 2 parataxis _ Gloss=[it.was].written|Ref=EST_3:12!37|MId=o170030120371|Strong=3789|Type=participle_passive 63-64 וְנֶחְתָּ֖ם _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 63 וְ וְ CCONJ _ _ 64 cc _ Gloss=and|Ref=EST_3:12!38|MId=o170030120381|Strong=2050b 64 נֶחְתָּ֖ם חָתַם VERB _ Gender=Masc|HebBinyan=NIPHAL|Number=Sing 2 conj _ Gloss=[it.was].sealed|Ref=EST_3:12!38|MId=o170030120382|Strong=2856|Type=participle_passive 65-66 בְּטַבַּ֥עַת _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 65 בְּ בְּ ADP _ _ 66 case _ Gloss=with|Ref=EST_3:12!39|MId=o170030120391|Strong=0871a 66 טַבַּ֥עַת טַבַּעַת NOUN _ Gender=Fem|Number=Sing 64 obl _ Gloss=the.signet-ring|Ref=EST_3:12!39|MId=o170030120392|Strong=2885 67-68 הַמֶּֽלֶךְ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 67 הַ הַ DET _ PronType=Art 68 det _ Gloss=of|Ref=EST_3:12!40|MId=o170030120401|Strong=1886a|Type=definite_article 68 מֶּֽלֶךְ מֶלֶךְ NOUN _ Gender=Masc|Number=Sing 66 compound:smixut _ Gloss=the.king|Ref=EST_3:12!40|MId=o170030120402|Strong=4428 69 ׃ ׃ PUNCT _ _ 68 punct _ Ref=EST_3:12!40 ``` ## Pragmatics {#pragmatics} - form: statement - act: narrate - voice: narrator - speech: narration - negation: no | verb | form · stem | who (A0) | what, whom (A1) | to whom, further (A2) | who makes it happen (AA) | | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | | יִּקָּרְאוּ *they were summoned* | wayyiqtol · niphal | | סֹפְרֵי *the scribes* | | | | צִוָּה *he commanded* | qatal · piel | הָמָן *Haman* | כָל־ *to all* | | | MACULA's semantic frames: for each verb the head word of each participant. A0 is the one who acts, A1 what the act is done to or is about, A2 a further participant; AA, with a causative verb, the one who makes it happen. ## The Targum {#onkelos} וְאִתְקְרִיאוּ לַבְלָרִין דְמַלְכָּא בְּיַרְחָא קַדְמָאָה בִּתְלַת עֲסַר יוֹמִין בֵּיהּ וְאִתְכְּתִיב כְּכָל דִי פַקֵד הָמָן לְוַת אִסְטְרָטִילוֹסֵי מַלְכָּא וּלְוַת הֵפַרְכִין דְמִתְמַנָן אַרְכוֹנִין עַל כָּל פַּלְכַיָא וּפַלְכַיָא וּלְוַת רַבְרְבָנֵי עַמָא וְעַמָא פַּלְכַיָא וּפַלְכַיָא כְּרוֹשֶׁם כְּתָבְהוֹן וְעַמָא וְעַמָא כְּמַמְלַל לִישָׁנֵיהּ בְּשׁוּם מַלְכָּא אֲחַשְׁוֵרוֹשׁ כְּתִיב וּמְפָרֵשׁ וּמִתְחַתֵּם בְּגוּשְׁפַּנְקָא דְמַלְכָּא: The Aramaic translation read beside the Hebrew. Text only: Mova has no Aramaic parser yet. ## English, JPS 1917 {#english} Each sentence on its own page, with its tree and pragmatics. A sentence that runs on into the next verse is listed under the verse it begins in. 1. [Then were the king's scribes called in the first month, on the thirteenth day thereof, and there was written, according to all that Haman commanded, unto the king's satraps, and to the governors that were over every province, and to the princes of every people; to every province according to the writing thereof, and to every people after their language; in the name of king Ahasuerus was it written, and it was sealed with the king's ring.](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/ketuvim/jps/EST.59/) **Hebrew text:** Westminster Leningrad Codex, public domain. **Tree, glosses and frames:** MACULA Hebrew Linguistic Datasets, available at [github.com/Clear-Bible/macula-hebrew](https://github.com/Clear-Bible/macula-hebrew/), [CC BY 4.0](https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/); converted to Universal Dependencies by Mova (words in text order, a prefix its own word). **Speech act:** Mova's rules on the MACULA words (`macula prag`). **Targum:** Onkelos (Torat Emet), Jonathan and the Writings (Mikraot Gedolot), from Sefaria, public domain. **English:** JPS 1917, public domain; trees and speech acts by Mova's cycle, frames by Mova's reader (Elamur Cosmic License). Hebrew sentence `wlc:EST:56`. - ← previous: [Esther 3:11](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/ketuvim/EST.3.11/) - next →: [Esther 3:13](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/ketuvim/EST.3.13/) - ↑ back to [Esther 3](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/ketuvim/EST/3/)