--- title: Esther 3:13 — And letters were sent by posts into all the king's provinces, to des… · Hebrew, tree and pragmatics description: And letters were sent by posts into all the king's provinces, to destroy, to slay, and to cause to perish, all Jews, both young and old, little children and women, in one day, even upon the thirteenth day of the twelfth month, which is the month Adar, and to take the spoil of them for a prey. Who ac --- [Mova](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) · [this page in HTML](https://mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/ketuvim/EST.3.13/) [home](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) / [corpora](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/) / [Tanakh](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/tanakh/) / [Ketuvim](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/ketuvim/) / [Esther](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/ketuvim/EST/) / [chapter 3](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/ketuvim/EST/3/) / 3:13 # Esther 3:13 אֶסְתֵּר **Who acts:** posts, Jews, twelfth month · **What happens:** send, destroy, slay, cause, perish, be · **To what, where:** letters, provinces, Jews, month, spoil This is Esther 3:13 from Mova's open Bible corpus, the Tanakh in three languages (Ketuvim — the Writings). The page gives the verse in Hebrew as the Westminster Leningrad Codex has it, its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, built from MACULA Hebrew — and its pragmatics: who acts — posts, Jews, twelfth month — and what happens in the verse to letters, provinces, Jews, month, spoil, read clause by clause by Mova's frames. Beside it stand the Aramaic of the Targum and the English of the Jewish Publication Society's 1917 translation, each English sentence with a tree of its own. It is one of the 10 chapters of Esther on this site, all built by Mova itself from its own trees, with no large model in between. וְנִשְׁל֨וֹחַ סְפָרִ֜ים בְּיַ֣ד הָרָצִים֮ אֶל־כָּל־מְדִינ֣וֹת הַמֶּלֶךְ֒ לְהַשְׁמִ֡יד לַהֲרֹ֣ג וּלְאַבֵּ֣ד אֶת־כָּל־הַ֠יְּהוּדִים מִנַּ֨עַר וְעַד־זָקֵ֜ן טַ֤ף וְנָשִׁים֙ בְּי֣וֹם אֶחָ֔ד בִּשְׁלוֹשָׁ֥ה עָשָׂ֛ר לְחֹ֥דֶשׁ שְׁנֵים־עָשָׂ֖ר הוּא־חֹ֣דֶשׁ אֲדָ֑ר וּשְׁלָלָ֖ם לָבֽוֹז׃ [And letters were sent by posts into all the king's provinces, to destroy, to slay, and to cause to perish, all Jews, both young and old, little children and women, in one day, even upon the thirteenth day of the twelfth month, which is the month Adar, and to take the spoil of them for a prey.](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/ketuvim/jps/EST.60/) ## The tree {#tree} Right to left, as the Hebrew is read; a prefix or suffix is a word of its own, and a line under the words joins those written as one. Under each word its part of speech and MACULA's English gloss. ```conllu rtl gloss # sent_id = wlc:EST:57 # text = וְנִשְׁל֨וֹחַ סְפָרִ֜ים בְּיַ֣ד הָרָצִים֮ אֶל־כָּל־מְדִינ֣וֹת הַמֶּלֶךְ֒ לְהַשְׁמִ֡יד לַהֲרֹ֣ג וּלְאַבֵּ֣ד אֶת־כָּל־הַ֠יְּהוּדִים מִנַּ֨עַר וְעַד־זָקֵ֜ן טַ֤ף וְנָשִׁים֙ בְּי֣וֹם אֶחָ֔ד בִּשְׁלוֹשָׁ֥ה עָשָׂ֛ר לְחֹ֥דֶשׁ שְׁנֵים־עָשָׂ֖ר הוּא־חֹ֣דֶשׁ אֲדָ֑ר וּשְׁלָלָ֖ם לָבֽוֹז׃ # verse = EST.3.13 1-2 וְנִשְׁל֨וֹחַ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 1 וְ וְ CCONJ _ _ 2 cc _ Gloss=and|Ref=EST_3:13!1|MId=o170030130011|Strong=2050b 2 נִשְׁל֨וֹחַ שָׁלַח VERB _ HebBinyan=NIPHAL 0 root _ Gloss=they.were.sent|Ref=EST_3:13!1|MId=o170030130012|Strong=7971|Frame=A1:170030130021;|Type=infinitive_absolute 3 סְפָרִ֜ים סֵפֶר NOUN _ Gender=Masc|Number=Plur 2 nsubj _ Gloss=documents|Ref=EST_3:13!2|MId=o170030130021|Strong=5612 4-5 בְּיַ֣ד _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 4 בְּ בְּ ADP _ _ 5 case _ Gloss=by|Ref=EST_3:13!3|MId=o170030130031|Strong=0871a 5 יַ֣ד יָד NOUN _ Number=Sing 2 obl _ Gloss=the.hand|Ref=EST_3:13!3|MId=o170030130032|Strong=3027 6-7 הָרָצִים֮ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 6 הָ הַ DET _ PronType=Art 7 det _ Gloss=of|Ref=EST_3:13!4|MId=o170030130041|Strong=1886a|Type=definite_article 7 רָצִים֮ רוּץ VERB _ Gender=Masc|HebBinyan=QAL|Number=Plur 5 compound:smixut _ Gloss=the.runners|Ref=EST_3:13!4|MId=o170030130042|Strong=7323|Type=participle_active 8 אֶל־ אֶל ADP _ _ 9 case _ Gloss=to|Ref=EST_3:13!5|MId=o170030130051|Strong=0413|SpaceAfter=No 9 כָּל־ כֹּל NOUN _ Gender=Masc|Number=Sing 2 obl _ Gloss=all|Ref=EST_3:13!6|MId=o170030130061|Strong=3605|SpaceAfter=No 10 מְדִינ֣וֹת מְדִינָה NOUN _ Gender=Fem|Number=Plur 9 compound:smixut _ Gloss=the.provinces|Ref=EST_3:13!7|MId=o170030130071|Strong=4082 11-12 הַמֶּלֶךְ֒ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 11 הַ הַ DET _ PronType=Art 12 det _ Gloss=of|Ref=EST_3:13!8|MId=o170030130081|Strong=1886a|Type=definite_article 12 מֶּלֶךְ֒ מֶלֶךְ NOUN _ Gender=Masc|Number=Sing 10 compound:smixut _ Gloss=the.king|Ref=EST_3:13!8|MId=o170030130082|Strong=4428 13-14 לְהַשְׁמִ֡יד _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 13 לְ לְ ADP _ _ 14 case _ Gloss=to|Ref=EST_3:13!9|MId=o170030130091|Strong=3807a 14 הַשְׁמִ֡יד שָׁמַד VERB _ HebBinyan=HIPHIL 2 advcl _ Gloss=annihilate|Ref=EST_3:13!9|MId=o170030130092|Strong=8045|Frame=A0:;A1:170030130142;170030130181;170030130192;|Type=infinitive_construct 15-16 לַהֲרֹ֣ג _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 15 לַ לְ ADP _ _ 16 case _ Gloss=to|Ref=EST_3:13!10|MId=o170030130101|Strong=3807a 16 הֲרֹ֣ג הָרַג VERB _ HebBinyan=QAL 14 conj _ Gloss=kill|Ref=EST_3:13!10|MId=o170030130102|Strong=2026|Frame=A0:;A1:170030130142;170030130181;170030130192;|Type=infinitive_construct 17-19 וּלְאַבֵּ֣ד _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 17 וּ וְ CCONJ _ _ 19 cc _ Gloss=and|Ref=EST_3:13!11|MId=o170030130111|Strong=2050b 18 לְ לְ ADP _ _ 19 case _ Gloss=to|Ref=EST_3:13!11|MId=o170030130112|Strong=3807a 19 אַבֵּ֣ד אָבַד VERB _ HebBinyan=PIEL 14 conj _ Gloss=destroy|Ref=EST_3:13!11|MId=o170030130113|Strong=0006|Frame=A0:;A1:170030130142;170030130181;170030130192;|Type=infinitive_construct 20 אֶת־ אֵת ADP _ _ 21 case _ Gloss=(et)|Ref=EST_3:13!12|MId=o170030130121|Strong=0853|Type=direct_object_marker|SpaceAfter=No 21 כָּל־ כֹּל NOUN _ Gender=Masc|Number=Sing 19 obj _ Gloss=all|Ref=EST_3:13!13|MId=o170030130131|Strong=3605|SpaceAfter=No 22-23 הַ֠יְּהוּדִים _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 22 הַ֠ הַ DET _ PronType=Art 23 det _ Gloss=the|Ref=EST_3:13!14|MId=o170030130141|Strong=1886a|Type=definite_article 23 יְּהוּדִים יְהוּדִי NOUN _ Gender=Masc|Number=Plur 21 compound:smixut _ Gloss=Jews|Ref=EST_3:13!14|MId=o170030130142|Strong=3064|Type=gentilic 24-25 מִנַּ֨עַר _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 24 מִ מִן ADP _ _ 25 case _ Gloss=from|Ref=EST_3:13!15|MId=o170030130151|Strong=4480 25 נַּ֨עַר נַעַר NOUN _ Gender=Masc|Number=Sing 23 nmod _ Gloss=young.man|Ref=EST_3:13!15|MId=o170030130152|Strong=5288 26-27 וְעַד־ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 26 וְ וְ CCONJ _ _ 28 cc _ Gloss=and|Ref=EST_3:13!16|MId=o170030130161|Strong=2050b 27 עַד־ עַד ADP _ _ 28 case _ Gloss=unto|Ref=EST_3:13!16|MId=o170030130162|Strong=5704 28 זָקֵ֜ן זָקֵן ADJ _ Gender=Masc|Number=Sing 25 conj _ Gloss=old.[man]|Ref=EST_3:13!17|MId=o170030130171|Strong=2205|Type=adjective 29 טַ֤ף טַף NOUN _ Gender=Masc|Number=Sing 21 conj _ Gloss=little.one[s]|Ref=EST_3:13!18|MId=o170030130181|Strong=2945 30-31 וְנָשִׁים֙ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 30 וְ וְ CCONJ _ _ 31 cc _ Gloss=and|Ref=EST_3:13!19|MId=o170030130191|Strong=2050b 31 נָשִׁים֙ אִשָּׁה NOUN _ Gender=Fem|Number=Plur 21 conj _ Gloss=women|Ref=EST_3:13!19|MId=o170030130192|Strong=0802 32-33 בְּי֣וֹם _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 32 בְּ בְּ ADP _ _ 33 case _ Gloss=on|Ref=EST_3:13!20|MId=o170030130201|Strong=0871a 33 י֣וֹם יוֹם NOUN _ Gender=Masc|Number=Sing 19 obl _ Gloss=a.day|Ref=EST_3:13!20|MId=o170030130202|Strong=3117 34 אֶחָ֔ד אֶחָד NUM _ Gender=Masc|Number=Sing 33 nummod _ Gloss=one|Ref=EST_3:13!21|MId=o170030130211|Strong=0259|Type=cardinal_number 35-36 בִּשְׁלוֹשָׁ֥ה _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 35 בִּ בְּ ADP _ _ 36 case _ Gloss=on.[day]|Ref=EST_3:13!22|MId=o170030130221|Strong=0871a 36 שְׁלוֹשָׁ֥ה שָׁלֹשׁ NUM _ Gender=Masc|Number=Sing 33 nmod _ Gloss=thir-|Ref=EST_3:13!22|MId=o170030130222|Strong=7969|Type=cardinal_number 37 עָשָׂ֛ר עָשָׂר NUM _ Gender=Masc|Number=Sing 36 flat _ Gloss=teen|Ref=EST_3:13!23|MId=o170030130231|Strong=6240|Type=cardinal_number 38-39 לְחֹ֥דֶשׁ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 38 לְ לְ ADP _ _ 39 case _ Gloss=of|Ref=EST_3:13!24|MId=o170030130241|Strong=3807a 39 חֹ֥דֶשׁ חֹדֶשׁ NOUN _ Gender=Masc|Number=Sing 36 nmod _ Gloss=month|Ref=EST_3:13!24|MId=o170030130242|Strong=2320 40 שְׁנֵים־ שְׁנַיִם NUM _ Gender=Masc|Number=Dual 39 nummod _ Gloss=two.[plus]|Ref=EST_3:13!25|MId=o170030130251|Strong=8147|Type=cardinal_number|SpaceAfter=No 41 עָשָׂ֖ר עָשָׂר NUM _ Gender=Masc|Number=Sing 40 flat _ Gloss=ten|Ref=EST_3:13!26|MId=o170030130261|Strong=6240|Type=cardinal_number 42 הוּא־ הוּא PRON _ Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs 43 nsubj _ Gloss=that|Ref=EST_3:13!27|MId=o170030130271|Strong=1931|Type=personal|SpaceAfter=No 43 חֹ֣דֶשׁ חֹדֶשׁ NOUN _ Gender=Masc|Number=Sing 39 acl _ Gloss=[is].the.month|Ref=EST_3:13!28|MId=o170030130281|Strong=2320 44 אֲדָ֑ר אֲדָר PROPN _ _ 43 compound:smixut _ Gloss=of.Adar|Ref=EST_3:13!29|MId=o170030130291|Strong=0143 45-47 וּשְׁלָלָ֖ם _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 45 וּ וְ CCONJ _ _ 49 cc _ Gloss=and|Ref=EST_3:13!30|MId=o170030130301|Strong=2050b 46 שְׁלָל שָׁלָל NOUN _ Gender=Masc|Number=Sing 49 obj _ Gloss=spoil|Ref=EST_3:13!30|MId=o170030130302|Strong=7998 47 ָ֖ם הוּא PRON _ Gender=Masc|Number=Plur|Person=3|PronType=Prs 46 nmod:poss _ Gloss=their|Ref=EST_3:13!30|MId=o170030130303|Strong=3963a|Type=pronominal 48-49 לָבֽוֹז _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 48 לָ לְ ADP _ _ 49 case _ Gloss=to|Ref=EST_3:13!31|MId=o170030130311|Strong=3807a 49 בֽוֹז בָּזַז VERB _ HebBinyan=QAL 14 conj _ Gloss=take.as.plunder|Ref=EST_3:13!31|MId=o170030130312|Strong=0962|Frame=A0:;A1:170030130302;|Type=infinitive_construct 50 ׃ ׃ PUNCT _ _ 49 punct _ Ref=EST_3:13!31 ``` ## Pragmatics {#pragmatics} - form: statement - act: assert - voice: narrator - speech: narration - negation: no | verb | form · stem | who (A0) | what, whom (A1) | to whom, further (A2) | who makes it happen (AA) | | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | | נִשְׁלוֹחַ *they were sent* | infinitive absolute · niphal | | סְפָרִים *documents* | | | | הַשְׁמִיד *annihilate* | infinitive construct · hiphil | | יְּהוּדִים *Jews* + טַף *little one\[s\]* + נָשִׁים *women* | | | | הֲרֹג *kill* | infinitive construct · qal | | יְּהוּדִים *Jews* + טַף *little one\[s\]* + נָשִׁים *women* | | | | אַבֵּד *destroy* | infinitive construct · piel | | יְּהוּדִים *Jews* + טַף *little one\[s\]* + נָשִׁים *women* | | | | בֽוֹז *take as plunder* | infinitive construct · qal | | שְׁלָל *spoil* | | | MACULA's semantic frames: for each verb the head word of each participant. A0 is the one who acts, A1 what the act is done to or is about, A2 a further participant; AA, with a causative verb, the one who makes it happen. ## The Targum {#onkelos} וּלְשַׁדָרָא פִּטְקִין בִּידָא דְרִיהֲטוּנִין לְכָל פַּלְכֵי מַלְכָּא לְשֵׁיצָאָה וּלְקַטָלָא וּלְהוֹבָדָא יַת כָּל יְהוּדָאֵי מִן עוּלֵימָא וְעַד סָבָא טַפְלַיָא וּנְשַׁיָא בְּיוֹמָא חֲדָא בִּתְלַת עֲסַר יוֹמִין לְיֶרַח תְּרֵי עֲסַר הוּא יַרְחָא דַאֲדָר וּשְׁלָלֵיהוֹן לְעַדָאָה: The Aramaic translation read beside the Hebrew. Text only: Mova has no Aramaic parser yet. ## English, JPS 1917 {#english} Each sentence on its own page, with its tree and pragmatics. A sentence that runs on into the next verse is listed under the verse it begins in. 1. [And letters were sent by posts into all the king's provinces, to destroy, to slay, and to cause to perish, all Jews, both young and old, little children and women, in one day, even upon the thirteenth day of the twelfth month, which is the month Adar, and to take the spoil of them for a prey.](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/ketuvim/jps/EST.60/) **Hebrew text:** Westminster Leningrad Codex, public domain. **Tree, glosses and frames:** MACULA Hebrew Linguistic Datasets, available at [github.com/Clear-Bible/macula-hebrew](https://github.com/Clear-Bible/macula-hebrew/), [CC BY 4.0](https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/); converted to Universal Dependencies by Mova (words in text order, a prefix its own word). **Speech act:** Mova's rules on the MACULA words (`macula prag`). **Targum:** Onkelos (Torat Emet), Jonathan and the Writings (Mikraot Gedolot), from Sefaria, public domain. **English:** JPS 1917, public domain; trees and speech acts by Mova's cycle, frames by Mova's reader (Elamur Cosmic License). Hebrew sentence `wlc:EST:57`. - ← previous: [Esther 3:12](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/ketuvim/EST.3.12/) - next →: [Esther 3:14](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/ketuvim/EST.3.14/) - ↑ back to [Esther 3](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/ketuvim/EST/3/)