--- title: Esther 3:15 — The posts went forth in haste by the king's commandment, and the dec… · Hebrew, tree and pragmatics description: The posts went forth in haste by the king's commandment, and the decree was given out in Shushan the castle; and the king and Haman sat down to drink; but the city of Shushan was perplexed. Who acts: posts, king. Esther 3:15 in Hebrew with its dependency tree, the Targum, JPS 1917 and the pragmatics --- [Mova](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) · [this page in HTML](https://mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/ketuvim/EST.3.15/) [home](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) / [corpora](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/) / [Tanakh](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/tanakh/) / [Ketuvim](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/ketuvim/) / [Esther](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/ketuvim/EST/) / [chapter 3](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/ketuvim/EST/3/) / 3:15 # Esther 3:15 אֶסְתֵּר **Who acts:** posts, king · **What happens:** go, give out, sit down, drink, perplex, command · **To what, where:** haste, decree, Shushan, city · **Speech:** someone speaks in this verse This is Esther 3:15 from Mova's open Bible corpus, the Tanakh in three languages (Ketuvim — the Writings). The page gives the verse in Hebrew as the Westminster Leningrad Codex has it, its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, built from MACULA Hebrew — and its pragmatics: who acts — posts, king — and what happens in the verse to haste, decree, Shushan, city, read clause by clause by Mova's frames. Beside it stand the Aramaic of the Targum and the English of the Jewish Publication Society's 1917 translation, each English sentence with a tree of its own. It is one of the 10 chapters of Esther on this site, all built by Mova itself from its own trees, with no large model in between. הָֽרָצִ֞ים יָצְא֤וּ דְחוּפִים֙ בִּדְבַ֣ר הַמֶּ֔לֶךְ וְהַדָּ֥ת נִתְּנָ֖ה בְּשׁוּשַׁ֣ן הַבִּירָ֑ה וְהַמֶּ֤לֶךְ וְהָמָן֙ יָשְׁב֣וּ לִשְׁתּ֔וֹת וְהָעִ֥יר שׁוּשָׁ֖ן נָבֽוֹכָה׃פ [The posts went forth in haste by the king's commandment, and the decree was given out in Shushan the castle; and the king and Haman sat down to drink; but the city of Shushan was perplexed.](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/ketuvim/jps/EST.62/) ## The tree {#tree} Right to left, as the Hebrew is read; a prefix or suffix is a word of its own, and a line under the words joins those written as one. Under each word its part of speech and MACULA's English gloss. ```conllu rtl gloss # sent_id = wlc:EST:59 # text = הָֽרָצִ֞ים יָצְא֤וּ דְחוּפִים֙ בִּדְבַ֣ר הַמֶּ֔לֶךְ וְהַדָּ֥ת נִתְּנָ֖ה בְּשׁוּשַׁ֣ן הַבִּירָ֑ה וְהַמֶּ֤לֶךְ וְהָמָן֙ יָשְׁב֣וּ לִשְׁתּ֔וֹת וְהָעִ֥יר שׁוּשָׁ֖ן נָבֽוֹכָה׃פ # verse = EST.3.15 1-2 הָֽרָצִ֞ים _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 1 הָֽ הַ DET _ PronType=Art 2 det _ Gloss=the|Ref=EST_3:15!1|MId=o170030150011|Strong=1886a|Type=definite_article 2 רָצִ֞ים רוּץ VERB _ Gender=Masc|HebBinyan=QAL|Number=Plur 3 nsubj _ Gloss=runners|Ref=EST_3:15!1|MId=o170030150012|Strong=7323|Type=participle_active 3 יָצְא֤וּ יָצָא VERB _ Gender=Com|HebBinyan=QAL|Number=Plur|Person=3 0 root _ Gloss=they.went.out|Ref=EST_3:15!2|MId=o170030150021|Strong=3318|Frame=A0:170030150012;|Type=qatal 4 דְחוּפִים֙ דָּחַף VERB _ Gender=Masc|HebBinyan=QAL|Number=Plur 3 advcl _ Gloss=hurried|Ref=EST_3:15!3|MId=o170030150031|Strong=1765|Frame=A1:170030150012;|Type=participle_passive 5-6 בִּדְבַ֣ר _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 5 בִּ בְּ ADP _ _ 6 case _ Gloss=at|Ref=EST_3:15!4|MId=o170030150041|Strong=0871a 6 דְבַ֣ר דָּבָר NOUN _ Gender=Masc|Number=Sing 4 obl _ Gloss=the.word|Ref=EST_3:15!4|MId=o170030150042|Strong=1697 7-8 הַמֶּ֔לֶךְ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 7 הַ הַ DET _ PronType=Art 8 det _ Gloss=of|Ref=EST_3:15!5|MId=o170030150051|Strong=1886a|Type=definite_article 8 מֶּ֔לֶךְ מֶלֶךְ NOUN _ Gender=Masc|Number=Sing 6 compound:smixut _ Gloss=the.king|Ref=EST_3:15!5|MId=o170030150052|Strong=4428 9-11 וְהַדָּ֥ת _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 9 וְ וְ CCONJ _ _ 12 cc _ Gloss=and|Ref=EST_3:15!6|MId=o170030150061|Strong=2050b 10 הַ הַ DET _ PronType=Art 11 det _ Gloss=the|Ref=EST_3:15!6|MId=o170030150062|Strong=1886a|Type=definite_article 11 דָּ֥ת דָּת NOUN _ Gender=Fem|Number=Sing 12 nsubj _ Gloss=law|Ref=EST_3:15!6|MId=o170030150063|Strong=1881 12 נִתְּנָ֖ה נָתַן VERB _ Gender=Fem|HebBinyan=NIPHAL|Number=Sing|Person=3 3 conj _ Gloss=it.was.given|Ref=EST_3:15!7|MId=o170030150071|Strong=5414|Frame=A1:170030150063;|Type=qatal 13-14 בְּשׁוּשַׁ֣ן _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 13 בְּ בְּ ADP _ _ 14 case _ Gloss=in|Ref=EST_3:15!8|MId=o170030150081|Strong=0871a 14 שׁוּשַׁ֣ן שׁוּשַׁן PROPN _ _ 12 obl _ Gloss=Susa|Ref=EST_3:15!8|MId=o170030150082|Strong=7800 15-16 הַבִּירָ֑ה _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 15 הַ הַ DET _ PronType=Art 16 det _ Gloss=the|Ref=EST_3:15!9|MId=o170030150091|Strong=1886a|Type=definite_article 16 בִּירָ֑ה בִּירָה NOUN _ Gender=Fem|Number=Sing 14 appos _ Gloss=citadel|Ref=EST_3:15!9|MId=o170030150092|Strong=1002 17-19 וְהַמֶּ֤לֶךְ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 17 וְ וְ CCONJ _ _ 22 cc _ Gloss=and|Ref=EST_3:15!10|MId=o170030150101|Strong=2050b 18 הַ הַ DET _ PronType=Art 19 det _ Gloss=the|Ref=EST_3:15!10|MId=o170030150102|Strong=1886a|Type=definite_article 19 מֶּ֤לֶךְ מֶלֶךְ NOUN _ Gender=Masc|Number=Sing 22 nsubj _ Gloss=king|Ref=EST_3:15!10|MId=o170030150103|Strong=4428 20-21 וְהָמָן֙ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 20 וְ וְ CCONJ _ _ 21 cc _ Gloss=and|Ref=EST_3:15!11|MId=o170030150111|Strong=2050b 21 הָמָן֙ הָמָן PROPN _ _ 19 conj _ Gloss=Haman|Ref=EST_3:15!11|MId=o170030150112|Strong=2001 22 יָשְׁב֣וּ יָשַׁב VERB _ Gender=Com|HebBinyan=QAL|Number=Plur|Person=3 3 conj _ Gloss=they.sat.down|Ref=EST_3:15!12|MId=o170030150121|Strong=3427|Frame=A0:170030150103;170030150112;|Type=qatal 23-24 לִשְׁתּ֔וֹת _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 23 לִ לְ ADP _ _ 24 case _ Gloss=to|Ref=EST_3:15!13|MId=o170030150131|Strong=3807a 24 שְׁתּ֔וֹת שָׁתָה VERB _ HebBinyan=QAL 22 advcl _ Gloss=drink|Ref=EST_3:15!13|MId=o170030150132|Strong=8354|Frame=A0:170030150103;170030150112;|Type=infinitive_construct 25-27 וְהָעִ֥יר _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 25 וְ וְ CCONJ _ _ 29 cc _ Gloss=and|Ref=EST_3:15!14|MId=o170030150141|Strong=2050b 26 הָ הַ DET _ PronType=Art 27 det _ Gloss=the|Ref=EST_3:15!14|MId=o170030150142|Strong=1886a|Type=definite_article 27 עִ֥יר עִיר NOUN _ Gender=Fem|Number=Sing 29 nsubj _ Gloss=city|Ref=EST_3:15!14|MId=o170030150143|Strong=5892 28 שׁוּשָׁ֖ן שׁוּשַׁן PROPN _ _ 27 appos _ Gloss=of.Susa|Ref=EST_3:15!15|MId=o170030150151|Strong=7800 29 נָבֽוֹכָה בּוּךְ VERB _ Gender=Fem|HebBinyan=NIPHAL|Number=Sing|Person=3 3 conj _ Gloss=it.was.in.confusion|Ref=EST_3:15!16|MId=o170030150161|Strong=0943|Frame=A1:170030150143;|Type=qatal|SpaceAfter=No 30 ׃ ׃ PUNCT _ _ 29 punct _ Ref=EST_3:15!16|SpaceAfter=No 31 פ פ PUNCT _ _ 29 punct _ Ref=EST_3:15!16 ``` ## Pragmatics {#pragmatics} - form: statement - act: assert - voice: narrator - speech: narration - negation: no | verb | form · stem | who (A0) | what, whom (A1) | to whom, further (A2) | who makes it happen (AA) | | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | | יָצְאוּ *they went out* | qatal · qal | רָצִים *runners* | | | | | דְחוּפִים *hurried* | participle passive · qal | | רָצִים *runners* | | | | נִתְּנָה *it was given* | qatal · niphal | | דָּת *law* | | | | יָשְׁבוּ *they sat down* | qatal · qal | מֶּלֶךְ *king* + הָמָן *Haman* | | | | | שְׁתּוֹת *drink* | infinitive construct · qal | מֶּלֶךְ *king* + הָמָן *Haman* | | | | | נָבֽוֹכָה *it was in confusion* | qatal · niphal | | עִיר *city* | | | MACULA's semantic frames: for each verb the head word of each participant. A0 is the one who acts, A1 what the act is done to or is about, A2 a further participant; AA, with a causative verb, the one who makes it happen. ## The Targum {#onkelos} רִיהוּטְנִין נְפָקוּ זְרִיזִין בְּפִתְגָמָא דְמַלְכָּא וּגְזֵרָתָא אִתְיְהִיבַת בְּשׁוּשַׁן בִּירַנְתָּא וּמַלְכָּא וְהָמָן הֲווּ יַתְבִין לְמִשְׁתֵּי חַמְרָא וְקַרְתָּא דְשׁוּשַׁן מִתְעַרְבְּלָא בְּחֶדְוַת עַמְמִין נוּכְרָאִין וּבְקַל בְּכִיתָא דְעַמָא בֵּית יִשְׂרָאֵל: The Aramaic translation read beside the Hebrew. Text only: Mova has no Aramaic parser yet. ## English, JPS 1917 {#english} Each sentence on its own page, with its tree and pragmatics. A sentence that runs on into the next verse is listed under the verse it begins in. 1. [The posts went forth in haste by the king's commandment, and the decree was given out in Shushan the castle; and the king and Haman sat down to drink; but the city of Shushan was perplexed.](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/ketuvim/jps/EST.62/) **Hebrew text:** Westminster Leningrad Codex, public domain. **Tree, glosses and frames:** MACULA Hebrew Linguistic Datasets, available at [github.com/Clear-Bible/macula-hebrew](https://github.com/Clear-Bible/macula-hebrew/), [CC BY 4.0](https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/); converted to Universal Dependencies by Mova (words in text order, a prefix its own word). **Speech act:** Mova's rules on the MACULA words (`macula prag`). **Targum:** Onkelos (Torat Emet), Jonathan and the Writings (Mikraot Gedolot), from Sefaria, public domain. **English:** JPS 1917, public domain; trees and speech acts by Mova's cycle, frames by Mova's reader (Elamur Cosmic License). Hebrew sentence `wlc:EST:59`. - ← previous: [Esther 3:14](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/ketuvim/EST.3.14/) - next →: [Esther 4:1](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/ketuvim/EST.4.1/) - ↑ back to [Esther 3](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/ketuvim/EST/3/)