--- title: Esther 3:2 — And all the king's servants, that were in the king's gate, bowed dow… · Hebrew, tree and pragmatics description: And all the king's servants, that were in the king's gate, bowed down, and prostrated themselves before Haman; for the king had so commanded concerning him. But Mordecai bowed not down, nor prostrated himself before him. Who acts: servants, king, Mordecai. Esther 3:2 in Hebrew with its dependency tr --- [Mova](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) · [this page in HTML](https://mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/ketuvim/EST.3.2/) [home](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) / [corpora](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/) / [Tanakh](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/tanakh/) / [Ketuvim](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/ketuvim/) / [Esther](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/ketuvim/EST/) / [chapter 3](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/ketuvim/EST/3/) / 3:2 # Esther 3:2 אֶסְתֵּר **Who acts:** servants, king, Mordecai · **What happens:** be, bow down, prostrate, command, not bow down · **To what, where:** gate, servants, Mordecai · **Speech:** someone speaks in this verse This is Esther 3:2 from Mova's open Bible corpus, the Tanakh in three languages (Ketuvim — the Writings). The page gives the verse in Hebrew as the Westminster Leningrad Codex has it, its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, built from MACULA Hebrew — and its pragmatics: who acts — servants, king, Mordecai — and what happens in the verse to gate, servants, Mordecai, read clause by clause by Mova's frames. Beside it stand the Aramaic of the Targum and the English of the Jewish Publication Society's 1917 translation, each English sentence with a tree of its own. It is one of the 10 chapters of Esther on this site, all built by Mova itself from its own trees, with no large model in between. וְכָל־עַבְדֵ֨י הַמֶּ֜לֶךְ אֲשֶׁר־בְּשַׁ֣עַר הַמֶּ֗לֶךְ כֹּרְעִ֤ים וּמִֽשְׁתַּחֲוִים֙ לְהָמָ֔ן כִּי־כֵ֖ן צִוָּה־ל֣וֹ הַמֶּ֑לֶךְ וּמָ֨רְדֳּכַ֔י לֹ֥א יִכְרַ֖ע וְלֹ֥א יִֽשְׁתַּחֲוֶֽה׃ [And all the king's servants, that were in the king's gate, bowed down, and prostrated themselves before Haman; for the king had so commanded concerning him.](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/ketuvim/jps/EST.48/) [But Mordecai bowed not down, nor prostrated himself before him.](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/ketuvim/jps/EST.49/) ## The tree {#tree} Right to left, as the Hebrew is read; a prefix or suffix is a word of its own, and a line under the words joins those written as one. Under each word its part of speech and MACULA's English gloss. ```conllu rtl gloss # sent_id = wlc:EST:46 # text = וְכָל־עַבְדֵ֨י הַמֶּ֜לֶךְ אֲשֶׁר־בְּשַׁ֣עַר הַמֶּ֗לֶךְ כֹּרְעִ֤ים וּמִֽשְׁתַּחֲוִים֙ לְהָמָ֔ן כִּי־כֵ֖ן צִוָּה־ל֣וֹ הַמֶּ֑לֶךְ וּמָ֨רְדֳּכַ֔י לֹ֥א יִכְרַ֖ע וְלֹ֥א יִֽשְׁתַּחֲוֶֽה׃ # verse = EST.3.2 1-2 וְכָל־ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 1 וְ וְ CCONJ _ _ 11 cc _ Gloss=and|Ref=EST_3:2!1|MId=o170030020011|Strong=2050b 2 כָל־ כֹּל NOUN _ Gender=Masc|Number=Sing 11 nsubj _ Gloss=all|Ref=EST_3:2!1|MId=o170030020012|Strong=3605 3 עַבְדֵ֨י עֶבֶד NOUN _ Gender=Masc|Number=Plur 2 compound:smixut _ Gloss=the.servants|Ref=EST_3:2!2|MId=o170030020021|Strong=5650 4-5 הַמֶּ֜לֶךְ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 4 הַ הַ DET _ PronType=Art 5 det _ Gloss=of|Ref=EST_3:2!3|MId=o170030020031|Strong=1886a|Type=definite_article 5 מֶּ֜לֶךְ מֶלֶךְ NOUN _ Gender=Masc|Number=Sing 3 compound:smixut _ Gloss=the.king|Ref=EST_3:2!3|MId=o170030020032|Strong=4428 6 אֲשֶׁר־ אֲשֶׁר SCONJ _ _ 8 mark _ Gloss=who|Ref=EST_3:2!4|MId=o170030020041|Strong=0834|Type=relative|SpaceAfter=No 7-8 בְּשַׁ֣עַר _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 7 בְּ בְּ ADP _ _ 8 case _ Gloss=[were].at|Ref=EST_3:2!5|MId=o170030020051|Strong=0871a 8 שַׁ֣עַר שַׁעַר NOUN _ Gender=Masc|Number=Sing 2 acl:relcl _ Gloss=the.gate|Ref=EST_3:2!5|MId=o170030020052|Strong=8179 9-10 הַמֶּ֗לֶךְ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 9 הַ הַ DET _ PronType=Art 10 det _ Gloss=of|Ref=EST_3:2!6|MId=o170030020061|Strong=1886a|Type=definite_article 10 מֶּ֗לֶךְ מֶלֶךְ NOUN _ Gender=Masc|Number=Sing 8 compound:smixut _ Gloss=the.king|Ref=EST_3:2!6|MId=o170030020062|Strong=4428 11 כֹּרְעִ֤ים כָּרַע VERB _ Gender=Masc|HebBinyan=QAL|Number=Plur 0 root _ Gloss=[were].kneeling|Ref=EST_3:2!7|MId=o170030020071|Strong=3766|Frame=A0:170030020021;|Type=participle_active 12-13 וּמִֽשְׁתַּחֲוִים֙ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 12 וּ וְ CCONJ _ _ 13 cc _ Gloss=and.[were]|Ref=EST_3:2!8|MId=o170030020081|Strong=2050b 13 מִֽשְׁתַּחֲוִים֙ חוה VERB _ Gender=Masc|Number=Plur 11 conj _ Gloss=bowing.down|Ref=EST_3:2!8|MId=o170030020082|Strong=7812a|Frame=A0:170030020021;|Type=participle_active 14-15 לְהָמָ֔ן _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 14 לְ לְ ADP _ _ 15 case _ Gloss=to|Ref=EST_3:2!9|MId=o170030020091|Strong=3807a 15 הָמָ֔ן הָמָן PROPN _ _ 11 obl _ Gloss=Haman|Ref=EST_3:2!9|MId=o170030020092|Strong=2001 16 כִּי־ כִּי SCONJ _ _ 18 mark _ Gloss=(dm)|Ref=EST_3:2!10|MId=o170030020101|Strong=3588|SpaceAfter=No 17 כֵ֖ן כֵּן ADV _ _ 18 advmod _ Gloss=thus|Ref=EST_3:2!11|MId=o170030020111|Strong=3651 18 צִוָּה־ צָוָה VERB _ Gender=Masc|HebBinyan=PIEL|Number=Sing|Person=3 11 advcl _ Gloss=he.had.commanded|Ref=EST_3:2!12|MId=o170030020121|Strong=6680|Frame=A0:170030020142;|Type=qatal|SpaceAfter=No 19-20 ל֣וֹ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 19 ל לְ ADP _ _ 20 case _ Gloss=to|Ref=EST_3:2!13|MId=o170030020131|Strong=3807a 20 ֣וֹ הוּא PRON _ Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs 18 obl _ Gloss=him|Ref=EST_3:2!13|MId=o170030020132|Strong=2050c|Type=pronominal 21-22 הַמֶּ֑לֶךְ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 21 הַ הַ DET _ PronType=Art 22 det _ Gloss=the|Ref=EST_3:2!14|MId=o170030020141|Strong=1886a|Type=definite_article 22 מֶּ֑לֶךְ מֶלֶךְ NOUN _ Gender=Masc|Number=Sing 18 nsubj _ Gloss=king|Ref=EST_3:2!14|MId=o170030020142|Strong=4428 23-24 וּמָ֨רְדֳּכַ֔י _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 23 וּ וְ CCONJ _ _ 26 cc _ Gloss=and|Ref=EST_3:2!15|MId=o170030020151|Strong=2050b 24 מָ֨רְדֳּכַ֔י מׇרְדֳּכַי PROPN _ _ 26 nsubj _ Gloss=Mordecai|Ref=EST_3:2!15|MId=o170030020152|Strong=4782 25 לֹ֥א לֹא ADV _ _ 26 advmod _ Gloss=not|Ref=EST_3:2!16|MId=o170030020161|Strong=3808|Type=negative 26 יִכְרַ֖ע כָּרַע VERB _ Gender=Masc|HebBinyan=QAL|Number=Sing|Person=3 11 conj _ Gloss=he.knelt|Ref=EST_3:2!17|MId=o170030020171|Strong=3766|Frame=A0:170030020152;|Type=yiqtol 27-28 וְלֹ֥א _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 27 וְ וְ CCONJ _ _ 29 cc _ Gloss=and|Ref=EST_3:2!18|MId=o170030020181|Strong=2050b 28 לֹ֥א לֹא ADV _ _ 29 advmod _ Gloss=not|Ref=EST_3:2!18|MId=o170030020182|Strong=3808|Type=negative 29 יִֽשְׁתַּחֲוֶֽה חוה VERB _ Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3 11 conj _ Gloss=he.bowed.down|Ref=EST_3:2!19|MId=o170030020191|Strong=7812a|Frame=A0:170030020152;|Type=yiqtol|SpaceAfter=No 30 ׃ ׃ PUNCT _ _ 29 punct _ Ref=EST_3:2!19 ``` ## Pragmatics {#pragmatics} - form: statement - act: assert - voice: narrator - speech: narration - negation: yes | verb | form · stem | who (A0) | what, whom (A1) | to whom, further (A2) | who makes it happen (AA) | | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | | כֹּרְעִים *\[were\] kneeling* | participle active · qal | עַבְדֵי *the servants* | | | | | מִֽשְׁתַּחֲוִים *bowing down* | participle active | עַבְדֵי *the servants* | | | | | צִוָּה־ *he had commanded* | qatal · piel | מֶּלֶךְ *king* | | | | | **not** יִכְרַע *he knelt* | yiqtol · qal | מָרְדֳּכַי *Mordecai* | | | | | **not** יִֽשְׁתַּחֲוֶֽה *he bowed down* | yiqtol | מָרְדֳּכַי *Mordecai* | | | | MACULA's semantic frames: for each verb the head word of each participant. A0 is the one who acts, A1 what the act is done to or is about, A2 a further participant; AA, with a causative verb, the one who makes it happen. ## The Targum {#onkelos} וְכָל עַבְדֵי מַלְכָּא דִי בִּתְרַע בֵּית מַלְכָּא גַחֲנִין לְאַנְדְרָטָא דִי הֵקִים בַּהֲדֵיהּ וְסַגְדִין לֵיהּ לְהָמָן אֲרוּם כֵּן פַּקֵיד עֲלוֹהִי מַלְכָּא וּמָרְדְכַי לָא הֲוָה גָחִין לְאַנְדְרָטָא וְלָא הֲוָה סְגִיד לְהָמָן עַל דִי הֲוָה לֵיהּ עֲבַד פְּלַח וְאִזְדַבַּן לֵיהּ בְּטוּלְמָא דִלְחֵם: The Aramaic translation read beside the Hebrew. Text only: Mova has no Aramaic parser yet. ## English, JPS 1917 {#english} Each sentence on its own page, with its tree and pragmatics. A sentence that runs on into the next verse is listed under the verse it begins in. 1. [And all the king's servants, that were in the king's gate, bowed down, and prostrated themselves before Haman; for the king had so commanded concerning him.](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/ketuvim/jps/EST.48/) 2. [But Mordecai bowed not down, nor prostrated himself before him.](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/ketuvim/jps/EST.49/) **Hebrew text:** Westminster Leningrad Codex, public domain. **Tree, glosses and frames:** MACULA Hebrew Linguistic Datasets, available at [github.com/Clear-Bible/macula-hebrew](https://github.com/Clear-Bible/macula-hebrew/), [CC BY 4.0](https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/); converted to Universal Dependencies by Mova (words in text order, a prefix its own word). **Speech act:** Mova's rules on the MACULA words (`macula prag`). **Targum:** Onkelos (Torat Emet), Jonathan and the Writings (Mikraot Gedolot), from Sefaria, public domain. **English:** JPS 1917, public domain; trees and speech acts by Mova's cycle, frames by Mova's reader (Elamur Cosmic License). Hebrew sentence `wlc:EST:46`. - ← previous: [Esther 3:1](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/ketuvim/EST.3.1/) - next →: [Esther 3:3](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/ketuvim/EST.3.3/) - ↑ back to [Esther 3](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/ketuvim/EST/3/)