--- title: Esther 3:7 — In the first month, which is the month Nisan, in the twelfth year of… · Hebrew, tree and pragmatics description: In the first month, which is the month Nisan, in the twelfth year of king Ahasuerus, they cast pur, that is, the lot, before Haman from day to day, and from month to month, to the twelfth month, which is the month Adar. Who acts: first month, hands, that, twelfth month. Esther 3:7 in Hebrew with its --- [Mova](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) · [this page in HTML](https://mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/ketuvim/EST.3.7/) [home](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) / [corpora](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/) / [Tanakh](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/tanakh/) / [Ketuvim](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/ketuvim/) / [Esther](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/ketuvim/EST/) / [chapter 3](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/ketuvim/EST/3/) / 3:7 # Esther 3:7 אֶסְתֵּר **Who acts:** first month, hands, that, twelfth month · **What happens:** be, cast · **To what, where:** month, pur, lot This is Esther 3:7 from Mova's open Bible corpus, the Tanakh in three languages (Ketuvim — the Writings). The page gives the verse in Hebrew as the Westminster Leningrad Codex has it, its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, built from MACULA Hebrew — and its pragmatics: who acts — first month, hands, that, twelfth month — and what happens in the verse to month, pur, lot, read clause by clause by Mova's frames. Beside it stand the Aramaic of the Targum and the English of the Jewish Publication Society's 1917 translation, each English sentence with a tree of its own. It is one of the 10 chapters of Esther on this site, all built by Mova itself from its own trees, with no large model in between. בַּחֹ֤דֶשׁ הָרִאשׁוֹן֙ הוּא־חֹ֣דֶשׁ נִיסָ֔ן בִּשְׁנַת֙ שְׁתֵּ֣ים עֶשְׂרֵ֔ה לַמֶּ֖לֶךְ אֲחַשְׁוֵר֑וֹשׁ הִפִּ֣יל פּוּר֩ ה֨וּא הַגּוֹרָ֜ל לִפְנֵ֣י הָמָ֗ן מִיּ֧וֹם ׀ לְי֛וֹם וּמֵחֹ֛דֶשׁ לְחֹ֥דֶשׁ שְׁנֵים־עָשָׂ֖ר הוּא־חֹ֥דֶשׁ אֲדָֽר׃ס [In the first month, which is the month Nisan, in the twelfth year of king Ahasuerus, they cast pur, that is, the lot, before Haman from day to day, and from month to month, to the twelfth month, which is the month Adar.](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/ketuvim/jps/EST.54/) ## The tree {#tree} Right to left, as the Hebrew is read; a prefix or suffix is a word of its own, and a line under the words joins those written as one. Under each word its part of speech and MACULA's English gloss. ```conllu rtl gloss # sent_id = wlc:EST:51 # text = בַּחֹ֤דֶשׁ הָרִאשׁוֹן֙ הוּא־חֹ֣דֶשׁ נִיסָ֔ן בִּשְׁנַת֙ שְׁתֵּ֣ים עֶשְׂרֵ֔ה לַמֶּ֖לֶךְ אֲחַשְׁוֵר֑וֹשׁ הִפִּ֣יל פּוּר֩ ה֨וּא הַגּוֹרָ֜ל לִפְנֵ֣י הָמָ֗ן מִיּ֧וֹם ׀ לְי֛וֹם וּמֵחֹ֛דֶשׁ לְחֹ֥דֶשׁ שְׁנֵים־עָשָׂ֖ר הוּא־חֹ֥דֶשׁ אֲדָֽר׃ס # verse = EST.3.7 1-3 בַּחֹ֤דֶשׁ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 1 בַּ בְּ ADP _ _ 3 case _ Gloss=in|Ref=EST_3:7!1|MId=o170030070011|Strong=0871a 2 ה הַ DET _ PronType=Art 3 det _ Gloss=the|Ref=EST_3:7!1|MId=o170030070011ה|Strong=1886a|Type=definite_article 3 חֹ֤דֶשׁ חֹדֶשׁ NOUN _ Gender=Masc|Number=Sing 17 obl _ Gloss=month|Ref=EST_3:7!1|MId=o170030070012|Strong=2320 4-5 הָרִאשׁוֹן֙ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 4 הָ הַ DET _ PronType=Art 5 det _ Gloss=(the)|Ref=EST_3:7!2|MId=o170030070021|Strong=1886a|Type=definite_article 5 רִאשׁוֹן֙ רִאשׁוֹן ADJ _ Gender=Masc|Number=Sing 3 amod _ Gloss=first|Ref=EST_3:7!2|MId=o170030070022|Strong=7223|Type=ordinal_number 6 הוּא־ הוּא PRON _ Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs 7 nsubj _ Gloss=that|Ref=EST_3:7!3|MId=o170030070031|Strong=1931|Type=personal|SpaceAfter=No 7 חֹ֣דֶשׁ חֹדֶשׁ NOUN _ Gender=Masc|Number=Sing 3 acl _ Gloss=[is].the.month|Ref=EST_3:7!4|MId=o170030070041|Strong=2320 8 נִיסָ֔ן נִיסָן PROPN _ _ 7 compound:smixut _ Gloss=of.Nisan|Ref=EST_3:7!5|MId=o170030070051|Strong=5212 9-10 בִּשְׁנַת֙ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 9 בִּ בְּ ADP _ _ 10 case _ Gloss=in|Ref=EST_3:7!6|MId=o170030070061|Strong=0871a 10 שְׁנַת֙ שָׁנָה NOUN _ Gender=Fem|Number=Sing 3 conj _ Gloss=year|Ref=EST_3:7!6|MId=o170030070062|Strong=8141 11 שְׁתֵּ֣ים שְׁנַיִם NUM _ Gender=Fem|Number=Dual 10 nummod _ Gloss=two.plus|Ref=EST_3:7!7|MId=o170030070071|Strong=8147|Type=cardinal_number 12 עֶשְׂרֵ֔ה עֶשְׂרֵה NUM _ Gender=Fem|Number=Sing 11 flat _ Gloss=ten|Ref=EST_3:7!8|MId=o170030070081|Strong=6240|Type=cardinal_number 13-15 לַמֶּ֖לֶךְ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 13 לַ לְ ADP _ _ 15 case _ Gloss=of|Ref=EST_3:7!9|MId=o170030070091|Strong=3807a 14 ה הַ DET _ PronType=Art 15 det _ Gloss=the|Ref=EST_3:7!9|MId=o170030070091ה|Strong=1886a|Type=definite_article 15 מֶּ֖לֶךְ מֶלֶךְ NOUN _ Gender=Masc|Number=Sing 10 nmod _ Gloss=king|Ref=EST_3:7!9|MId=o170030070092|Strong=4428 16 אֲחַשְׁוֵר֑וֹשׁ אֲחַשְׁוֵרוֹשׁ PROPN _ _ 15 appos _ Gloss=Ahasuerus|Ref=EST_3:7!10|MId=o170030070101|Strong=0325 17 הִפִּ֣יל נָפַל VERB _ Gender=Masc|HebBinyan=HIPHIL|Number=Sing|Person=3 0 root _ Gloss=someone.cast|Ref=EST_3:7!11|MId=o170030070111|Strong=5307|Frame=A0:;A1:170030070121;|Type=qatal 18 פּוּר֩ פּוּר NOUN _ Gender=Masc|Number=Sing 17 obj _ Gloss=Pur|Ref=EST_3:7!12|MId=o170030070121|Strong=6332 19 ה֨וּא הוּא PRON _ Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs 21 nsubj _ Gloss=that|Ref=EST_3:7!13|MId=o170030070131|Strong=1931|Type=personal 20-21 הַגּוֹרָ֜ל _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 20 הַ הַ DET _ PronType=Art 21 det _ Gloss=[is].the|Ref=EST_3:7!14|MId=o170030070141|Strong=1886a|Type=definite_article 21 גּוֹרָ֜ל גּוֹרָל NOUN _ Gender=Masc|Number=Sing 18 acl _ Gloss=lot|Ref=EST_3:7!14|MId=o170030070142|Strong=1486 22-23 לִפְנֵ֣י _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 22 לִ לְ ADP _ _ 23 case _ Gloss=before|Ref=EST_3:7!15|MId=o170030070151|Strong=3807a 23 פְנֵ֣י פָּנֶה NOUN _ Number=Plur 17 obl _ Gloss=|Ref=EST_3:7!15|MId=o170030070152|Strong=6440 24 הָמָ֗ן הָמָן PROPN _ _ 23 compound:smixut _ Gloss=Haman|Ref=EST_3:7!16|MId=o170030070161|Strong=2001 25-26 מִיּ֧וֹם _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 25 מִ מִן ADP _ _ 26 case _ Gloss=from|Ref=EST_3:7!17|MId=o170030070171|Strong=4480 26 יּ֧וֹם יוֹם NOUN _ Gender=Masc|Number=Sing 17 obl _ Gloss=day|Ref=EST_3:7!17|MId=o170030070172|Strong=3117 27 ׀ ׀ PUNCT _ _ 26 punct _ Ref=EST_3:7!17 28-29 לְי֛וֹם _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 28 לְ לְ ADP _ _ 29 case _ Gloss=to|Ref=EST_3:7!18|MId=o170030070181|Strong=3807a 29 י֛וֹם יוֹם NOUN _ Gender=Masc|Number=Sing 26 conj _ Gloss=day|Ref=EST_3:7!18|MId=o170030070182|Strong=3117 30-32 וּמֵחֹ֛דֶשׁ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 30 וּ וְ CCONJ _ _ 32 cc _ Gloss=and|Ref=EST_3:7!19|MId=o170030070191|Strong=2050b 31 מֵ מִן ADP _ _ 32 case _ Gloss=from|Ref=EST_3:7!19|MId=o170030070192|Strong=4480 32 חֹ֛דֶשׁ חֹדֶשׁ NOUN _ Gender=Masc|Number=Sing 26 conj _ Gloss=month|Ref=EST_3:7!19|MId=o170030070193|Strong=2320 33-34 לְחֹ֥דֶשׁ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 33 לְ לְ ADP _ _ 34 case _ Gloss=to|Ref=EST_3:7!20|MId=o170030070201|Strong=3807a 34 חֹ֥דֶשׁ חֹדֶשׁ NOUN _ Gender=Masc|Number=Sing 32 conj _ Gloss=month|Ref=EST_3:7!20|MId=o170030070202|Strong=2320 35 שְׁנֵים־ שְׁנַיִם NUM _ Gender=Masc|Number=Dual 17 obl _ Gloss=two.[plus]|Ref=EST_3:7!21|MId=o170030070211|Strong=8147|Type=cardinal_number|SpaceAfter=No 36 עָשָׂ֖ר עָשָׂר NUM _ Gender=Masc|Number=Sing 35 flat _ Gloss=ten|Ref=EST_3:7!22|MId=o170030070221|Strong=6240|Type=cardinal_number 37 הוּא־ הוּא PRON _ Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs 38 nsubj _ Gloss=that|Ref=EST_3:7!23|MId=o170030070231|Strong=1931|Type=personal|SpaceAfter=No 38 חֹ֥דֶשׁ חֹדֶשׁ NOUN _ Gender=Masc|Number=Sing 35 acl _ Gloss=[is].the.month|Ref=EST_3:7!24|MId=o170030070241|Strong=2320 39 אֲדָֽר אֲדָר PROPN _ _ 38 compound:smixut _ Gloss=of.Adar|Ref=EST_3:7!25|MId=o170030070251|Strong=0143|SpaceAfter=No 40 ׃ ׃ PUNCT _ _ 39 punct _ Ref=EST_3:7!25|SpaceAfter=No 41 ס ס PUNCT _ _ 39 punct _ Ref=EST_3:7!25 ``` ## Pragmatics {#pragmatics} - form: statement - act: assert - voice: narrator - speech: narration - negation: no | verb | form · stem | who (A0) | what, whom (A1) | to whom, further (A2) | who makes it happen (AA) | | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | | הִפִּיל *someone cast* | qatal · hiphil | | פּוּר *Pur* | | | MACULA's semantic frames: for each verb the head word of each participant. A0 is the one who acts, A1 what the act is done to or is about, A2 a further participant; AA, with a causative verb, the one who makes it happen. ## The Targum {#onkelos} בְיַרְחָא קַדְמָאָה דְהוּא יֶרַח נִיסַן בְּשַׁתָּא תַּרְתֵּי עַשְׂרֵי לְמַלְכָּא אֲחַשְׁוֵרוֹשׁ אַפֵּל פּוּרָא הוּא עַדְבָא קֳדָם הָמָן מִן יוֹמָא לְיוֹמָא וּמִן יַרְחָא לְיַרְחָא תְּרֵי עֲסַר דְהוּא יֶרַח אֲדַר: The Aramaic translation read beside the Hebrew. Text only: Mova has no Aramaic parser yet. ## English, JPS 1917 {#english} Each sentence on its own page, with its tree and pragmatics. A sentence that runs on into the next verse is listed under the verse it begins in. 1. [In the first month, which is the month Nisan, in the twelfth year of king Ahasuerus, they cast pur, that is, the lot, before Haman from day to day, and from month to month, to the twelfth month, which is the month Adar.](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/ketuvim/jps/EST.54/) **Hebrew text:** Westminster Leningrad Codex, public domain. **Tree, glosses and frames:** MACULA Hebrew Linguistic Datasets, available at [github.com/Clear-Bible/macula-hebrew](https://github.com/Clear-Bible/macula-hebrew/), [CC BY 4.0](https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/); converted to Universal Dependencies by Mova (words in text order, a prefix its own word). **Speech act:** Mova's rules on the MACULA words (`macula prag`). **Targum:** Onkelos (Torat Emet), Jonathan and the Writings (Mikraot Gedolot), from Sefaria, public domain. **English:** JPS 1917, public domain; trees and speech acts by Mova's cycle, frames by Mova's reader (Elamur Cosmic License). Hebrew sentence `wlc:EST:51`. - ← previous: [Esther 3:6](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/ketuvim/EST.3.6/) - next →: [Esther 3:8](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/ketuvim/EST.3.8/) - ↑ back to [Esther 3](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/ketuvim/EST/3/)