--- title: Esther 3:8 — And Haman said unto king Ahasuerus: 'There is a certain people scatt… · Hebrew, tree and pragmatics description: And Haman said unto king Ahasuerus: 'There is a certain people scattered abroad and dispersed among the peoples in all the provinces of thy kingdom; and their laws are diverse from those of every people; neither keep they the king's laws; therefore it profiteth not the king to suffer them. Who acts: --- [Mova](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) · [this page in HTML](https://mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/ketuvim/EST.3.8/) [home](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) / [corpora](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/) / [Tanakh](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/tanakh/) / [Ketuvim](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/ketuvim/) / [Esther](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/ketuvim/EST/) / [chapter 3](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/ketuvim/EST/3/) / 3:8 # Esther 3:8 אֶסְתֵּר **Who acts:** Haman, certain people, laws, people, kingdom, king · **What happens:** say, be, scatter, disperse, keep, not profit · **To what, where:** certain people, provinces, those, laws · **Speech:** someone speaks in this verse This is Esther 3:8 from Mova's open Bible corpus, the Tanakh in three languages (Ketuvim — the Writings). The page gives the verse in Hebrew as the Westminster Leningrad Codex has it, its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, built from MACULA Hebrew — and its pragmatics: who acts — Haman, certain people, laws, people, kingdom, king — and what happens in the verse to certain people, provinces, those, laws, read clause by clause by Mova's frames. Beside it stand the Aramaic of the Targum and the English of the Jewish Publication Society's 1917 translation, each English sentence with a tree of its own. It is one of the 10 chapters of Esther on this site, all built by Mova itself from its own trees, with no large model in between. וַיֹּ֤אמֶר הָמָן֙ לַמֶּ֣לֶךְ אֲחַשְׁוֵר֔וֹשׁ יֶשְׁנ֣וֹ עַם־אֶחָ֗ד מְפֻזָּ֤ר וּמְפֹרָד֙ בֵּ֣ין הָֽעַמִּ֔ים בְּכֹ֖ל מְדִינ֣וֹת מַלְכוּתֶ֑ךָ וְדָתֵיהֶ֞ם שֹׁנ֣וֹת מִכָּל־עָ֗ם וְאֶת־דָּתֵ֤י הַמֶּ֙לֶךְ֙ אֵינָ֣ם עֹשִׂ֔ים וְלַמֶּ֥לֶךְ אֵין־שֹׁוֶ֖ה לְהַנִּיחָֽם׃ [And Haman said unto king Ahasuerus: 'There is a certain people scattered abroad and dispersed among the peoples in all the provinces of thy kingdom; and their laws are diverse from those of every people; neither keep they the king's laws; therefore it profiteth not the king to suffer them.](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/ketuvim/jps/EST.55/) ## The tree {#tree} Right to left, as the Hebrew is read; a prefix or suffix is a word of its own, and a line under the words joins those written as one. Under each word its part of speech and MACULA's English gloss. ```conllu rtl gloss # sent_id = wlc:EST:52 # text = וַיֹּ֤אמֶר הָמָן֙ לַמֶּ֣לֶךְ אֲחַשְׁוֵר֔וֹשׁ יֶשְׁנ֣וֹ עַם־אֶחָ֗ד מְפֻזָּ֤ר וּמְפֹרָד֙ בֵּ֣ין הָֽעַמִּ֔ים בְּכֹ֖ל מְדִינ֣וֹת מַלְכוּתֶ֑ךָ וְדָתֵיהֶ֞ם שֹׁנ֣וֹת מִכָּל־עָ֗ם וְאֶת־דָּתֵ֤י הַמֶּ֙לֶךְ֙ אֵינָ֣ם עֹשִׂ֔ים וְלַמֶּ֥לֶךְ אֵין־שֹׁוֶ֖ה לְהַנִּיחָֽם׃ # verse = EST.3.8 1-2 וַיֹּ֤אמֶר _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 1 וַ וְ CCONJ _ _ 2 cc _ Gloss=and|Ref=EST_3:8!1|MId=o170030080011|Strong=2050b 2 יֹּ֤אמֶר אָמַר VERB _ Gender=Masc|HebBinyan=QAL|Number=Sing|Person=3 0 root _ Gloss=he.said|Ref=EST_3:8!1|MId=o170030080012|Strong=0559|Frame=A0:170030080021;|Type=wayyiqtol 3 הָמָן֙ הָמָן PROPN _ _ 2 nsubj _ Gloss=Haman|Ref=EST_3:8!2|MId=o170030080021|Strong=2001 4-6 לַמֶּ֣לֶךְ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 4 לַ לְ ADP _ _ 6 case _ Gloss=to|Ref=EST_3:8!3|MId=o170030080031|Strong=3807a 5 ה הַ DET _ PronType=Art 6 det _ Gloss=the|Ref=EST_3:8!3|MId=o170030080031ה|Strong=1886a|Type=definite_article 6 מֶּ֣לֶךְ מֶלֶךְ NOUN _ Gender=Masc|Number=Sing 2 obl _ Gloss=king|Ref=EST_3:8!3|MId=o170030080032|Strong=4428 7 אֲחַשְׁוֵר֔וֹשׁ אֲחַשְׁוֵרוֹשׁ PROPN _ _ 6 appos _ Gloss=Ahasuerus|Ref=EST_3:8!4|MId=o170030080041|Strong=0325 8-9 יֶשְׁנ֣וֹ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 8 יֶשְׁנ יֵשׁ ADV _ _ 2 ccomp _ Gloss=there|Ref=EST_3:8!5|MId=o170030080051|Strong=3426|Type=demonstrative 9 ֣וֹ הוּא PRON _ Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs 8 nsubj _ Gloss=it.[is]|Ref=EST_3:8!5|MId=o170030080052|Strong=2050c|Type=pronominal 10 עַם־ עַם NOUN _ Gender=Masc|Number=Sing 9 appos _ Gloss=a.people|Ref=EST_3:8!6|MId=o170030080061|Strong=5971|SpaceAfter=No 11 אֶחָ֗ד אֶחָד NUM _ Gender=Masc|Number=Sing 10 nummod _ Gloss=one|Ref=EST_3:8!7|MId=o170030080071|Strong=0259|Type=cardinal_number 12 מְפֻזָּ֤ר פָּזַר VERB _ Gender=Masc|HebBinyan=PUAL|Number=Sing 10 acl:relcl _ Gloss=scattered|Ref=EST_3:8!8|MId=o170030080081|Strong=6340|Frame=A1:170030080061;|Type=participle_passive 13-14 וּמְפֹרָד֙ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 13 וּ וְ CCONJ _ _ 14 cc _ Gloss=and|Ref=EST_3:8!9|MId=o170030080091|Strong=2050b 14 מְפֹרָד֙ פָּרַד VERB _ Gender=Masc|HebBinyan=PUAL|Number=Sing 12 conj _ Gloss=separated|Ref=EST_3:8!9|MId=o170030080092|Strong=6504|Frame=A1:170030080061;|Type=participle_passive 15 בֵּ֣ין בֵּין ADP _ _ 17 case _ Gloss=among|Ref=EST_3:8!10|MId=o170030080101|Strong=0996 16-17 הָֽעַמִּ֔ים _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 16 הָֽ הַ DET _ PronType=Art 17 det _ Gloss=the|Ref=EST_3:8!11|MId=o170030080111|Strong=1886a|Type=definite_article 17 עַמִּ֔ים עַם NOUN _ Gender=Masc|Number=Plur 12 obl _ Gloss=peoples|Ref=EST_3:8!11|MId=o170030080112|Strong=5971 18-19 בְּכֹ֖ל _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 18 בְּ בְּ ADP _ _ 19 case _ Gloss=in|Ref=EST_3:8!12|MId=o170030080121|Strong=0871a 19 כֹ֖ל כֹּל NOUN _ Gender=Masc|Number=Sing 12 obl _ Gloss=all|Ref=EST_3:8!12|MId=o170030080122|Strong=3605 20 מְדִינ֣וֹת מְדִינָה NOUN _ Gender=Fem|Number=Plur 19 compound:smixut _ Gloss=the.provinces|Ref=EST_3:8!13|MId=o170030080131|Strong=4082 21-22 מַלְכוּתֶ֑ךָ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 21 מַלְכוּת מַלְכוּת NOUN _ Gender=Fem|Number=Sing 20 compound:smixut _ Gloss=your.kingdom|Ref=EST_3:8!14|MId=o170030080141|Strong=4438 22 ֶ֑ךָ הוּא PRON _ Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=2|PronType=Prs 21 nmod:poss _ Gloss=your|Ref=EST_3:8!14|MId=o170030080142|Strong=3509b|Type=pronominal 23-25 וְדָתֵיהֶ֞ם _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 23 וְ וְ CCONJ _ _ 26 cc _ Gloss=and|Ref=EST_3:8!15|MId=o170030080151|Strong=2050b 24 דָתֵי דָּת NOUN _ Gender=Fem|Number=Plur 26 nsubj _ Gloss=laws|Ref=EST_3:8!15|MId=o170030080152|Strong=1881 25 הֶ֞ם הוּא PRON _ Gender=Masc|Number=Plur|Person=3|PronType=Prs 24 nmod:poss _ Gloss=their|Ref=EST_3:8!15|MId=o170030080153|Strong=3963a|Type=pronominal 26 שֹׁנ֣וֹת שָׁנָה VERB _ Gender=Fem|HebBinyan=QAL|Number=Plur 8 conj _ Gloss=[are].differing|Ref=EST_3:8!16|MId=o170030080161|Strong=8138|Frame=A0:170030080152;|Type=participle_active 27-28 מִכָּל־ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 27 מִ מִן ADP _ _ 28 case _ Gloss=from|Ref=EST_3:8!17|MId=o170030080171|Strong=4480 28 כָּל־ כֹּל NOUN _ Gender=Masc|Number=Sing 26 obl _ Gloss=every|Ref=EST_3:8!17|MId=o170030080172|Strong=3605 29 עָ֗ם עַם NOUN _ Gender=Masc|Number=Sing 28 compound:smixut _ Gloss=people|Ref=EST_3:8!18|MId=o170030080181|Strong=5971 30-31 וְאֶת־ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 30 וְ וְ CCONJ _ _ 37 cc _ Gloss=and|Ref=EST_3:8!19|MId=o170030080191|Strong=2050b 31 אֶת־ אֵת ADP _ _ 32 case _ Gloss=(et)|Ref=EST_3:8!19|MId=o170030080192|Strong=0853|Type=direct_object_marker 32 דָּתֵ֤י דָּת NOUN _ Gender=Fem|Number=Plur 37 obj _ Gloss=the.laws|Ref=EST_3:8!20|MId=o170030080201|Strong=1881 33-34 הַמֶּ֙לֶךְ֙ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 33 הַ הַ DET _ PronType=Art 34 det _ Gloss=of|Ref=EST_3:8!21|MId=o170030080211|Strong=1886a|Type=definite_article 34 מֶּ֙לֶךְ֙ מֶלֶךְ NOUN _ Gender=Masc|Number=Sing 32 compound:smixut _ Gloss=the.king|Ref=EST_3:8!21|MId=o170030080212|Strong=4428 35-36 אֵינָ֣ם _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 35 אֵינ אַיִן ADV _ _ 37 advmod _ Gloss=not|Ref=EST_3:8!22|MId=o170030080221|Strong=0369|Type=negative 36 ָ֣ם הוּא PRON _ Gender=Masc|Number=Plur|Person=3|PronType=Prs 37 nsubj _ Gloss=they|Ref=EST_3:8!22|MId=o170030080222|Strong=3963a|Type=pronominal 37 עֹשִׂ֔ים עָשָׂה VERB _ Gender=Masc|HebBinyan=QAL|Number=Plur 8 conj _ Gloss=[are].doing|Ref=EST_3:8!23|MId=o170030080231|Strong=6213|Frame=A1:170030080201;A0:170030080222;|Type=participle_active 38-41 וְלַמֶּ֥לֶךְ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 38 וְ וְ CCONJ _ _ 43 cc _ Gloss=and|Ref=EST_3:8!24|MId=o170030080241|Strong=2050b 39 לַ לְ ADP _ _ 41 case _ Gloss=for|Ref=EST_3:8!24|MId=o170030080242|Strong=3807a 40 ה הַ DET _ PronType=Art 41 det _ Gloss=the|Ref=EST_3:8!24|MId=o170030080242ה|Strong=1886a|Type=definite_article 41 מֶּ֥לֶךְ מֶלֶךְ NOUN _ Gender=Masc|Number=Sing 43 obl _ Gloss=king|Ref=EST_3:8!24|MId=o170030080243|Strong=4428 42 אֵין־ אַיִן ADV _ _ 43 advmod _ Gloss=not|Ref=EST_3:8!25|MId=o170030080251|Strong=0369|Type=negative|SpaceAfter=No 43 שֹׁוֶ֖ה שָׁוָה VERB _ Gender=Masc|HebBinyan=QAL|Number=Sing 8 conj _ Gloss=[is].appropriate|Ref=EST_3:8!26|MId=o170030080261|Strong=7737|Frame=A0:170030080272;|Type=participle_active 44-46 לְהַנִּיחָֽם _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 44 לְ לְ ADP _ _ 45 case _ Gloss=to|Ref=EST_3:8!27|MId=o170030080271|Strong=3807a 45 הַנִּיח נוח VERB _ HebBinyan=HIPHIL 43 nsubj _ Gloss=leave|Ref=EST_3:8!27|MId=o170030080272|Strong=5117|Frame=A0:170030080244;A1:170030080273;|Type=infinitive_construct 46 ָֽם הוּא PRON _ Gender=Masc|Number=Plur|Person=3|PronType=Prs 45 obj _ Gloss=them|Ref=EST_3:8!27|MId=o170030080273|Strong=3963a|Type=pronominal 47 ׃ ׃ PUNCT _ _ 46 punct _ Ref=EST_3:8!27 ``` ## Pragmatics {#pragmatics} - form: statement - act: assert - voice: character - speech: a frame and its quote - negation: yes - the frame alone: decl · narrate · none | verb | form · stem | who (A0) | what, whom (A1) | to whom, further (A2) | who makes it happen (AA) | | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | | יֹּאמֶר *he said* | wayyiqtol · qal | הָמָן *Haman* | | | | | מְפֻזָּר *scattered* | participle passive · pual | | עַם־ *a people* | | | | מְפֹרָד *separated* | participle passive · pual | | עַם־ *a people* | | | | שֹׁנוֹת *\[are\] differing* | participle active · qal | דָתֵי *laws* | | | | | **not** עֹשִׂים *\[are\] doing* | participle active · qal | ָם *they* | דָּתֵי *the laws* | | | | **not** שֹׁוֶה *\[is\] appropriate* | participle active · qal | הַנִּיח *leave* | | | | | הַנִּיח *leave* | infinitive construct · hiphil | | ָֽם *them* | | | MACULA's semantic frames: for each verb the head word of each participant. A0 is the one who acts, A1 what the act is done to or is about, A2 a further participant; AA, with a causative verb, the one who makes it happen. ## The Targum {#onkelos} וַאֲמַר הָמָן לְמַלְכָּא אֲחַשְׁוֵרוֹשׁ אִיתַי עַמָא חֲדָא מְבַדָר וּמִתְפָּרֵשׁ בֵּינֵי עַמְמַיָא וְאוּמַיָא וְלִישָׁנַיָא וּמִקְצַת מִנְהוֹן דַיְרִין בְּכָל פַּלְכֵי מַלְכוּתָא וּגְזֵרַת אוֹרַיְתֵהוֹן שַׁנְיָן מִכָּל עַמָא לַחְמָנָא וְתַבְשִׁילָנָא לֵיתְהוֹן טָעֲמִין חַמְרָנָא לֵיתְהוֹן שָׁתָן יוֹמֵי גְנוּסְיָא דִי לָנָא לֵיתֵיהוֹן נָטְרִין וְנִימוּסָנָא לָא מְקַיְימִין וְיַת גְזֵירַת דִינֵי מַלְכָּא לֵיתֵיהוֹן עָבְדִין וּלְמַלְכָּא לֵית לֵיהּ טִימֵי מִנְהוֹן וּמַה הֲנָאָה אִית לֵיהּ בְּהוֹן אִין יְשַׁבְּקִינוּן עַל אַפֵּי אַרְעָא: The Aramaic translation read beside the Hebrew. Text only: Mova has no Aramaic parser yet. ## English, JPS 1917 {#english} Each sentence on its own page, with its tree and pragmatics. A sentence that runs on into the next verse is listed under the verse it begins in. 1. [And Haman said unto king Ahasuerus: 'There is a certain people scattered abroad and dispersed among the peoples in all the provinces of thy kingdom; and their laws are diverse from those of every people; neither keep they the king's laws; therefore it profiteth not the king to suffer them.](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/ketuvim/jps/EST.55/) **Hebrew text:** Westminster Leningrad Codex, public domain. **Tree, glosses and frames:** MACULA Hebrew Linguistic Datasets, available at [github.com/Clear-Bible/macula-hebrew](https://github.com/Clear-Bible/macula-hebrew/), [CC BY 4.0](https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/); converted to Universal Dependencies by Mova (words in text order, a prefix its own word). **Speech act:** Mova's rules on the MACULA words (`macula prag`). **Targum:** Onkelos (Torat Emet), Jonathan and the Writings (Mikraot Gedolot), from Sefaria, public domain. **English:** JPS 1917, public domain; trees and speech acts by Mova's cycle, frames by Mova's reader (Elamur Cosmic License). Hebrew sentence `wlc:EST:52`. - ← previous: [Esther 3:7](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/ketuvim/EST.3.7/) - next →: [Esther 3:9](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/ketuvim/EST.3.9/) - ↑ back to [Esther 3](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/ketuvim/EST/3/)