--- title: Esther 4:1 — Now when Mordecai knew all that was done, Mordecai rent his clothes,… · Hebrew, tree and pragmatics description: Now when Mordecai knew all that was done, Mordecai rent his clothes, and put on sackcloth with ashes, and went out into the midst of the city, and cried with a loud and a bitter cry; Who acts: Mordecai. Esther 4:1 in Hebrew with its dependency tree, the Targum, JPS 1917 and the pragmatics of every c --- [Mova](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) · [this page in HTML](https://mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/ketuvim/EST.4.1/) [home](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) / [corpora](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/) / [Tanakh](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/tanakh/) / [Ketuvim](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/ketuvim/) / [Esther](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/ketuvim/EST/) / [chapter 4](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/ketuvim/EST/4/) / 4:1 # Esther 4:1 אֶסְתֵּר **Who acts:** Mordecai · **What happens:** know, do, rend, put on, go out, cry · **To what, where:** all, clothes, sackcloth, midst This is Esther 4:1 from Mova's open Bible corpus, the Tanakh in three languages (Ketuvim — the Writings). The page gives the verse in Hebrew as the Westminster Leningrad Codex has it, its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, built from MACULA Hebrew — and its pragmatics: who acts — Mordecai — and what happens in the verse to all, clothes, sackcloth, midst, read clause by clause by Mova's frames. Beside it stand the Aramaic of the Targum and the English of the Jewish Publication Society's 1917 translation, each English sentence with a tree of its own. It is one of the 10 chapters of Esther on this site, all built by Mova itself from its own trees, with no large model in between. וּמָרְדֳּכַ֗י יָדַע֙ אֶת־כָּל־אֲשֶׁ֣ר נַעֲשָׂ֔ה וַיִּקְרַ֤ע מָרְדֳּכַי֙ אֶת־בְּגָדָ֔יו וַיִּלְבַּ֥שׁ שַׂ֖ק וָאֵ֑פֶר וַיֵּצֵא֙ בְּת֣וֹךְ הָעִ֔יר וַיִּזְעַ֛ק זְעָקָ֥ה גְדֹלָ֖ה וּמָרָֽה׃ [Now when Mordecai knew all that was done, Mordecai rent his clothes, and put on sackcloth with ashes, and went out into the midst of the city, and cried with a loud and a bitter cry;](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/ketuvim/jps/EST.63/) ## The tree {#tree} Right to left, as the Hebrew is read; a prefix or suffix is a word of its own, and a line under the words joins those written as one. Under each word its part of speech and MACULA's English gloss. ```conllu rtl gloss # sent_id = wlc:EST:60 # text = וּמָרְדֳּכַ֗י יָדַע֙ אֶת־כָּל־אֲשֶׁ֣ר נַעֲשָׂ֔ה וַיִּקְרַ֤ע מָרְדֳּכַי֙ אֶת־בְּגָדָ֔יו וַיִּלְבַּ֥שׁ שַׂ֖ק וָאֵ֑פֶר וַיֵּצֵא֙ בְּת֣וֹךְ הָעִ֔יר וַיִּזְעַ֛ק זְעָקָ֥ה גְדֹלָ֖ה וּמָרָֽה׃ # verse = EST.4.1 1-2 וּמָרְדֳּכַ֗י _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 1 וּ וְ CCONJ _ _ 3 cc _ Gloss=and|Ref=EST_4:1!1|MId=o170040010011|Strong=2050b 2 מָרְדֳּכַ֗י מׇרְדֳּכַי PROPN _ _ 3 nsubj _ Gloss=Mordecai|Ref=EST_4:1!1|MId=o170040010012|Strong=4782 3 יָדַע֙ יָדַע VERB _ Gender=Masc|HebBinyan=QAL|Number=Sing|Person=3 0 root _ Gloss=he.knew|Ref=EST_4:1!2|MId=o170040010021|Strong=3045|Frame=A0:170040010012;A1:170040010041;|Type=qatal 4 אֶת־ אֵת ADP _ _ 5 case _ Gloss=(et)|Ref=EST_4:1!3|MId=o170040010031|Strong=0853|Type=direct_object_marker|SpaceAfter=No 5 כָּל־ כֹּל NOUN _ Gender=Masc|Number=Sing 3 obj _ Gloss=all|Ref=EST_4:1!4|MId=o170040010041|Strong=3605|SpaceAfter=No 6 אֲשֶׁ֣ר אֲשֶׁר SCONJ _ _ 7 mark _ Gloss=that|Ref=EST_4:1!5|MId=o170040010051|Strong=0834|Type=relative 7 נַעֲשָׂ֔ה עָשָׂה VERB _ Gender=Masc|HebBinyan=NIPHAL|Number=Sing|Person=3 5 acl:relcl _ Gloss=it.had.been.done|Ref=EST_4:1!6|MId=o170040010061|Strong=6213|Frame=A1:170040010041;|Type=qatal 8-9 וַיִּקְרַ֤ע _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 8 וַ וְ CCONJ _ _ 9 cc _ Gloss=and|Ref=EST_4:1!7|MId=o170040010071|Strong=2050b 9 יִּקְרַ֤ע קָרַע VERB _ Gender=Masc|HebBinyan=QAL|Number=Sing|Person=3 3 conj _ Gloss=he.tore|Ref=EST_4:1!7|MId=o170040010072|Strong=7167|Frame=A0:170040010081;A1:170040010101;|Type=wayyiqtol 10 מָרְדֳּכַי֙ מׇרְדֳּכַי PROPN _ _ 9 nsubj _ Gloss=Mordecai|Ref=EST_4:1!8|MId=o170040010081|Strong=4782 11 אֶת־ אֵת ADP _ _ 12 case _ Gloss=(et)|Ref=EST_4:1!9|MId=o170040010091|Strong=0853|Type=direct_object_marker|SpaceAfter=No 12-13 בְּגָדָ֔יו _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 12 בְּגָדָ֔י בֶּגֶד NOUN _ Gender=Masc|Number=Plur 9 obj _ Gloss=clothes|Ref=EST_4:1!10|MId=o170040010101|Strong=0899 13 ו הוּא PRON _ Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs 12 nmod:poss _ Gloss=his|Ref=EST_4:1!10|MId=o170040010102|Strong=2050c|Type=pronominal 14-15 וַיִּלְבַּ֥שׁ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 14 וַ וְ CCONJ _ _ 15 cc _ Gloss=and|Ref=EST_4:1!11|MId=o170040010111|Strong=2050b 15 יִּלְבַּ֥שׁ לָבֵשׁ VERB _ Gender=Masc|HebBinyan=QAL|Number=Sing|Person=3 3 conj _ Gloss=he.put.on|Ref=EST_4:1!11|MId=o170040010112|Strong=3847|Frame=A0:170040010081;A1:170040010121;170040010132;|Type=wayyiqtol 16 שַׂ֖ק שַׂק NOUN _ Gender=Masc|Number=Sing 15 obj _ Gloss=sackcloth|Ref=EST_4:1!12|MId=o170040010121|Strong=8242 17-18 וָאֵ֑פֶר _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 17 וָ וְ CCONJ _ _ 18 cc _ Gloss=and|Ref=EST_4:1!13|MId=o170040010131|Strong=2050b 18 אֵ֑פֶר אֵפֶר NOUN _ Gender=Masc|Number=Sing 16 conj _ Gloss=ash[es]|Ref=EST_4:1!13|MId=o170040010132|Strong=0665 19-20 וַיֵּצֵא֙ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 19 וַ וְ CCONJ _ _ 20 cc _ Gloss=and|Ref=EST_4:1!14|MId=o170040010141|Strong=2050b 20 יֵּצֵא֙ יָצָא VERB _ Gender=Masc|HebBinyan=QAL|Number=Sing|Person=3 3 conj _ Gloss=he.went.out|Ref=EST_4:1!14|MId=o170040010142|Strong=3318|Frame=A0:170040010081;|Type=wayyiqtol 21-22 בְּת֣וֹךְ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 21 בְּ בְּ ADP _ _ 22 case _ Gloss=in|Ref=EST_4:1!15|MId=o170040010151|Strong=0871a 22 ת֣וֹךְ תָּוֶךְ NOUN _ Gender=Masc|Number=Sing 20 obl _ Gloss=the.midst|Ref=EST_4:1!15|MId=o170040010152|Strong=8432 23-24 הָעִ֔יר _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 23 הָ הַ DET _ PronType=Art 24 det _ Gloss=of|Ref=EST_4:1!16|MId=o170040010161|Strong=1886a|Type=definite_article 24 עִ֔יר עִיר NOUN _ Gender=Fem|Number=Sing 22 compound:smixut _ Gloss=the.city|Ref=EST_4:1!16|MId=o170040010162|Strong=5892 25-26 וַיִּזְעַ֛ק _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 25 וַ וְ CCONJ _ _ 26 cc _ Gloss=and|Ref=EST_4:1!17|MId=o170040010171|Strong=2050b 26 יִּזְעַ֛ק זָעַק VERB _ Gender=Masc|HebBinyan=QAL|Number=Sing|Person=3 3 conj _ Gloss=he.cried|Ref=EST_4:1!17|MId=o170040010172|Strong=2199|Frame=A0:170040010081;|Type=wayyiqtol 27 זְעָקָ֥ה זְעָקָה NOUN _ Gender=Fem|Number=Sing 26 obl _ Gloss=a.cry|Ref=EST_4:1!18|MId=o170040010181|Strong=2201 28 גְדֹלָ֖ה גָּדוֹל ADJ _ Gender=Fem|Number=Sing 27 amod _ Gloss=loud|Ref=EST_4:1!19|MId=o170040010191|Strong=1419|Type=adjective 29-30 וּמָרָֽה _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 29 וּ וְ CCONJ _ _ 30 cc _ Gloss=and|Ref=EST_4:1!20|MId=o170040010201|Strong=2050b 30 מָרָֽה מַר ADJ _ Gender=Fem|Number=Sing 28 amod _ Gloss=bitter|Ref=EST_4:1!20|MId=o170040010202|Strong=4751|Type=adjective 31 ׃ ׃ PUNCT _ _ 30 punct _ Ref=EST_4:1!20 ``` ## Pragmatics {#pragmatics} - form: statement - act: assert - voice: narrator - speech: narration - negation: no | verb | form · stem | who (A0) | what, whom (A1) | to whom, further (A2) | who makes it happen (AA) | | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | | יָדַע *he knew* | qatal · qal | מָרְדֳּכַי *Mordecai* | כָּל־ *all* | | | | נַעֲשָׂה *it had been done* | qatal · niphal | | כָּל־ *all* | | | | יִּקְרַע *he tore* | wayyiqtol · qal | מָרְדֳּכַי *Mordecai* | בְּגָדָי *clothes* | | | | יִּלְבַּשׁ *he put on* | wayyiqtol · qal | מָרְדֳּכַי *Mordecai* | שַׂק *sackcloth* + אֵפֶר *ash\[es\]* | | | | יֵּצֵא *he went out* | wayyiqtol · qal | מָרְדֳּכַי *Mordecai* | | | | | יִּזְעַק *he cried* | wayyiqtol · qal | מָרְדֳּכַי *Mordecai* | | | | MACULA's semantic frames: for each verb the head word of each participant. A0 is the one who acts, A1 what the act is done to or is about, A2 a further participant; AA, with a causative verb, the one who makes it happen. ## The Targum {#onkelos} וּמָרְדְכַי יְדַע עַל יְדָא דְאֵלִיָהוּ כַּהֲנָא רַבָּא יַת כָּל מַה דְאִתְעַבֵּד בִּשְׁמֵי מְרוֹמָא וּמַה דְאִתְחַיְבוּ עַמָא בֵּית יִשְׂרָאֵל לִשְׁתֵּיצָאָה מִגוֹ עַלְמָא וְהֵיכְמָא דְאִתְכְּתִיב וְאִתְחַתִּים לְהוֹבָדוּתְהוֹן מִן עֲלַוֵי אַרְעָא הֵיכְדֵין אִתְכְּתִיב וְאִתְחַתִּים בִּשְׁמֵי מְרוֹמָא עַל עֵיסַק דְאִתְהַנִיאוּ מִן סְעוּדְתֵיהּ דַאֲחַשְׁוֵרוֹשׁ רַשִׁיעָא בְּרַם חוֹתָמָא הֲוָה חָתִין מִן טִינָא וּשְׁדַר מָרֵי עָלְמָא יַת אֵלִיָהוּ כַּהֲנָא רַבָּא לְחַוָאָה לְמָרְדְכַי דִיקוּם וִיצַלֵי קֳדָם מָרֵי עַלְמָא עַל עַמֵיהּ וְכַד יְדַע מָרְדְכַי בְּזַע יַת לְבוּשׁוֹי וְאַלְבֵּשׁ לְבוּשָׁא דְשַׂק עַל בִּסְרֵיהּ וְשַׁוֵי קִיטְמָא עַל רֵישֵׁיהּ וּקְבֵל קַבֵלְתָּא רַבְּתָא וּבְכָא בִּמְרִירוּת נַפְשָׁא בְּקַל עָצֵב: The Aramaic translation read beside the Hebrew. Text only: Mova has no Aramaic parser yet. ## English, JPS 1917 {#english} Each sentence on its own page, with its tree and pragmatics. A sentence that runs on into the next verse is listed under the verse it begins in. 1. [Now when Mordecai knew all that was done, Mordecai rent his clothes, and put on sackcloth with ashes, and went out into the midst of the city, and cried with a loud and a bitter cry;](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/ketuvim/jps/EST.63/) **Hebrew text:** Westminster Leningrad Codex, public domain. **Tree, glosses and frames:** MACULA Hebrew Linguistic Datasets, available at [github.com/Clear-Bible/macula-hebrew](https://github.com/Clear-Bible/macula-hebrew/), [CC BY 4.0](https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/); converted to Universal Dependencies by Mova (words in text order, a prefix its own word). **Speech act:** Mova's rules on the MACULA words (`macula prag`). **Targum:** Onkelos (Torat Emet), Jonathan and the Writings (Mikraot Gedolot), from Sefaria, public domain. **English:** JPS 1917, public domain; trees and speech acts by Mova's cycle, frames by Mova's reader (Elamur Cosmic License). Hebrew sentence `wlc:EST:60`. - ← previous: [Esther 3:15](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/ketuvim/EST.3.15/) - next →: [Esther 4:2](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/ketuvim/EST.4.2/) - ↑ back to [Esther 4](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/ketuvim/EST/4/)