--- title: Esther 4:16 — 'Go, gather together all the Jews that are present in Shushan, and f… · Hebrew, tree and pragmatics description: 'Go, gather together all the Jews that are present in Shushan, and fast ye for me, and neither eat nor drink three days, night or day; I also and my maidens will fast in like manner; and so will I go in unto the king, which is not according to the law; and if I perish, I perish.' Who acts: you, Jews --- [Mova](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) · [this page in HTML](https://mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/ketuvim/EST.4.16/) [home](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) / [corpora](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/) / [Tanakh](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/tanakh/) / [Ketuvim](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/ketuvim/) / [Esther](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/ketuvim/EST/) / [chapter 4](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/ketuvim/EST/4/) / 4:16 # Esther 4:16 אֶסְתֵּר **Who acts:** you, Jews, ye, I, king · **What happens:** go, gather, be, fast, eat, drink · **To what, where:** Jews, Shushan, like manner This is Esther 4:16 from Mova's open Bible corpus, the Tanakh in three languages (Ketuvim — the Writings). The page gives the verse in Hebrew as the Westminster Leningrad Codex has it, its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, built from MACULA Hebrew — and its pragmatics: who acts — you, Jews, ye, I, king — and what happens in the verse to Jews, Shushan, like manner, read clause by clause by Mova's frames. Beside it stand the Aramaic of the Targum and the English of the Jewish Publication Society's 1917 translation, each English sentence with a tree of its own. It is one of the 10 chapters of Esther on this site, all built by Mova itself from its own trees, with no large model in between. לֵךְ֩ כְּנ֨וֹס אֶת־כָּל־הַיְּהוּדִ֜ים הַֽנִּמְצְאִ֣ים בְּשׁוּשָׁ֗ן וְצ֣וּמוּ עָ֠לַי וְאַל־תֹּאכְל֨וּ וְאַל־תִּשְׁתּ֜וּ שְׁלֹ֤שֶׁת יָמִים֙ לַ֣יְלָה וָי֔וֹם גַּם־אֲנִ֥י וְנַעֲרֹתַ֖י אָצ֣וּם כֵּ֑ן וּבְכֵ֞ן אָב֤וֹא אֶל־הַמֶּ֙לֶךְ֙ אֲשֶׁ֣ר לֹֽא־כַדָּ֔ת וְכַאֲשֶׁ֥ר אָבַ֖דְתִּי אָבָֽדְתִּי׃ ['Go, gather together all the Jews that are present in Shushan, and fast ye for me, and neither eat nor drink three days, night or day; I also and my maidens will fast in like manner; and so will I go in unto the king, which is not according to the law; and if I perish, I perish.'](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/ketuvim/jps/EST.78/) ## The tree {#tree} Right to left, as the Hebrew is read; a prefix or suffix is a word of its own, and a line under the words joins those written as one. Under each word its part of speech and MACULA's English gloss. ```conllu rtl gloss # sent_id = wlc:EST:75 # text = לֵךְ֩ כְּנ֨וֹס אֶת־כָּל־הַיְּהוּדִ֜ים הַֽנִּמְצְאִ֣ים בְּשׁוּשָׁ֗ן וְצ֣וּמוּ עָ֠לַי וְאַל־תֹּאכְל֨וּ וְאַל־תִּשְׁתּ֜וּ שְׁלֹ֤שֶׁת יָמִים֙ לַ֣יְלָה וָי֔וֹם גַּם־אֲנִ֥י וְנַעֲרֹתַ֖י אָצ֣וּם כֵּ֑ן וּבְכֵ֞ן אָב֤וֹא אֶל־הַמֶּ֙לֶךְ֙ אֲשֶׁ֣ר לֹֽא־כַדָּ֔ת וְכַאֲשֶׁ֥ר אָבַ֖דְתִּי אָבָֽדְתִּי׃ # verse = EST.4.16 1 לֵךְ֩ הלך VERB _ Gender=Masc|HebBinyan=QAL|Number=Sing|Person=2 0 root _ Gloss=go|Ref=EST_4:16!1|MId=o170040160011|Strong=1980|Frame=A0:170040150051;|Type=imperative 2 כְּנ֨וֹס כָּנַס VERB _ Gender=Masc|HebBinyan=QAL|Number=Sing|Person=2 1 parataxis _ Gloss=gather|Ref=EST_4:16!2|MId=o170040160021|Strong=3664|Frame=A0:170040150051;A1:170040160052;|Type=imperative 3 אֶת־ אֵת ADP _ _ 4 case _ Gloss=(et)|Ref=EST_4:16!3|MId=o170040160031|Strong=0853|Type=direct_object_marker|SpaceAfter=No 4 כָּל־ כֹּל NOUN _ Gender=Masc|Number=Sing 2 obj _ Gloss=all|Ref=EST_4:16!4|MId=o170040160041|Strong=3605|SpaceAfter=No 5-6 הַיְּהוּדִ֜ים _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 5 הַ הַ DET _ PronType=Art 6 det _ Gloss=the|Ref=EST_4:16!5|MId=o170040160051|Strong=1886a|Type=definite_article 6 יְּהוּדִ֜ים יְהוּדִי NOUN _ Gender=Masc|Number=Plur 4 compound:smixut _ Gloss=Jews|Ref=EST_4:16!5|MId=o170040160052|Strong=3064|Type=gentilic 7-8 הַֽנִּמְצְאִ֣ים _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 7 הַֽ הַ SCONJ _ _ 8 mark _ Gloss=[who|Ref=EST_4:16!6|MId=o170040160061|Strong=1886a|Type=definite_article 8 נִּמְצְאִ֣ים מָצָא VERB _ Gender=Masc|HebBinyan=NIPHAL|Number=Plur 4 acl:relcl _ Gloss=are].found|Ref=EST_4:16!6|MId=o170040160062|Strong=4672|Frame=A1:170040160052;|Type=participle_active 9-10 בְּשׁוּשָׁ֗ן _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 9 בְּ בְּ ADP _ _ 10 case _ Gloss=in|Ref=EST_4:16!7|MId=o170040160071|Strong=0871a 10 שׁוּשָׁ֗ן שׁוּשַׁן PROPN _ _ 8 obl _ Gloss=Susa|Ref=EST_4:16!7|MId=o170040160072|Strong=7800 11-12 וְצ֣וּמוּ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 11 וְ וְ CCONJ _ _ 12 cc _ Gloss=and|Ref=EST_4:16!8|MId=o170040160081|Strong=2050b 12 צ֣וּמוּ צוּם VERB _ Gender=Masc|HebBinyan=QAL|Number=Plur|Person=2 1 conj _ Gloss=fast|Ref=EST_4:16!8|MId=o170040160082|Strong=6684|Frame=A0:170040150051;170040160052;|Type=imperative 13-14 עָ֠לַי _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 13 עָ֠ל עַל ADP _ _ 14 case _ Gloss=on|Ref=EST_4:16!9|MId=o170040160091|Strong=5921 14 ַי הוּא PRON _ Gender=Com|Number=Sing|Person=1|PronType=Prs 12 obl _ Gloss=me|Ref=EST_4:16!9|MId=o170040160092|Strong=2967a|Type=pronominal 15-16 וְאַל־ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 15 וְ וְ CCONJ _ _ 17 cc _ Gloss=and|Ref=EST_4:16!10|MId=o170040160101|Strong=2050b 16 אַל־ אַל ADV _ _ 17 advmod _ Gloss=do.not|Ref=EST_4:16!10|MId=o170040160102|Strong=0408|Type=negative 17 תֹּאכְל֨וּ אָכַל VERB _ Gender=Masc|HebBinyan=QAL|Number=Plur|Person=2 1 conj _ Gloss=eat|Ref=EST_4:16!11|MId=o170040160111|Strong=0398|Frame=A0:170040150051;170040160052;|Type=jussive 18-19 וְאַל־ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 18 וְ וְ CCONJ _ _ 20 cc _ Gloss=and|Ref=EST_4:16!12|MId=o170040160121|Strong=2050b 19 אַל־ אַל ADV _ _ 20 advmod _ Gloss=do.not|Ref=EST_4:16!12|MId=o170040160122|Strong=0408|Type=negative 20 תִּשְׁתּ֜וּ שָׁתָה VERB _ Gender=Masc|HebBinyan=QAL|Number=Plur|Person=2 1 conj _ Gloss=drink|Ref=EST_4:16!13|MId=o170040160131|Strong=8354|Frame=A0:170040150051;170040160052;|Type=jussive 21 שְׁלֹ֤שֶׁת שָׁלֹשׁ NUM _ Gender=Masc|Number=Sing 22 nummod _ Gloss=three|Ref=EST_4:16!14|MId=o170040160141|Strong=7969|Type=cardinal_number 22 יָמִים֙ יוֹם NOUN _ Gender=Masc|Number=Plur 20 obl _ Gloss=days|Ref=EST_4:16!15|MId=o170040160151|Strong=3117 23 לַ֣יְלָה לַיְלָה NOUN _ Gender=Masc|Number=Sing 20 obl _ Gloss=night|Ref=EST_4:16!16|MId=o170040160161|Strong=3915 24-25 וָי֔וֹם _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 24 וָ וְ CCONJ _ _ 25 cc _ Gloss=and|Ref=EST_4:16!17|MId=o170040160171|Strong=2050b 25 י֔וֹם יוֹם NOUN _ Gender=Masc|Number=Sing 23 conj _ Gloss=day|Ref=EST_4:16!17|MId=o170040160172|Strong=3117 26 גַּם־ גַּם ADV _ _ 27 advmod _ Gloss=also|Ref=EST_4:16!18|MId=o170040160181|Strong=1571|Type=affirmation|SpaceAfter=No 27 אֲנִ֥י אֲנִי PRON _ Gender=Com|Number=Sing|Person=1|PronType=Prs 31 nsubj _ Gloss=I|Ref=EST_4:16!19|MId=o170040160191|Strong=0589|Type=personal 28-30 וְנַעֲרֹתַ֖י _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 28 וְ וְ CCONJ _ _ 29 cc _ Gloss=and|Ref=EST_4:16!20|MId=o170040160201|Strong=2050b 29 נַעֲרֹת נַעֲרָה NOUN _ Gender=Fem|Number=Plur 27 conj _ Gloss=maids|Ref=EST_4:16!20|MId=o170040160202|Strong=5291 30 ַ֖י הוּא PRON _ Gender=Com|Number=Sing|Person=1|PronType=Prs 29 nmod:poss _ Gloss=my|Ref=EST_4:16!20|MId=o170040160203|Strong=2967a|Type=pronominal 31 אָצ֣וּם צוּם VERB _ Gender=Com|HebBinyan=QAL|Number=Sing|Person=1 1 parataxis _ Gloss=I.will.fast|Ref=EST_4:16!21|MId=o170040160211|Strong=6684|Frame=A0:170040160191;170040160202;|Type=yiqtol 32 כֵּ֑ן כֵּן ADV _ _ 31 advmod _ Gloss=thus|Ref=EST_4:16!22|MId=o170040160221|Strong=3651|Type=demonstrative 33-35 וּבְכֵ֞ן _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 33 וּ וְ CCONJ _ _ 36 cc _ Gloss=and|Ref=EST_4:16!23|MId=o170040160231|Strong=2050b 34 בְ בְּ ADP _ _ 35 case _ Gloss=in|Ref=EST_4:16!23|MId=o170040160232|Strong=0871a 35 כֵ֞ן כֵּן ADV _ _ 36 obl _ Gloss=such|Ref=EST_4:16!23|MId=o170040160233|Strong=3651 36 אָב֤וֹא בּוֹא VERB _ Gender=Com|HebBinyan=QAL|Number=Sing|Person=1 1 conj _ Gloss=I.will.go|Ref=EST_4:16!24|MId=o170040160241|Strong=0935|Frame=A0:170040150021;|Type=yiqtol 37 אֶל־ אֶל ADP _ _ 39 case _ Gloss=to|Ref=EST_4:16!25|MId=o170040160251|Strong=0413|SpaceAfter=No 38-39 הַמֶּ֙לֶךְ֙ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 38 הַ הַ DET _ PronType=Art 39 det _ Gloss=the|Ref=EST_4:16!26|MId=o170040160261|Strong=1886a|Type=definite_article 39 מֶּ֙לֶךְ֙ מֶלֶךְ NOUN _ Gender=Masc|Number=Sing 36 obl _ Gloss=king|Ref=EST_4:16!26|MId=o170040160262|Strong=4428 40 אֲשֶׁ֣ר אֲשֶׁר SCONJ _ _ 44 mark _ Gloss=which|Ref=EST_4:16!27|MId=o170040160271|Strong=0834|Type=relative 41 לֹֽא־ לֹא ADV _ _ 44 advmod _ Gloss=not|Ref=EST_4:16!28|MId=o170040160281|Strong=3808|Type=negative|SpaceAfter=No 42-44 כַדָּ֔ת _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 42 כַ כְּ ADP _ _ 44 case _ Gloss=[is].according|Ref=EST_4:16!29|MId=o170040160291|Strong=3509a 43 ה הַ DET _ PronType=Art 44 det _ Gloss=to|Ref=EST_4:16!29|MId=o170040160291ה|Strong=1886a|Type=definite_article 44 דָּ֔ת דָּת NOUN _ Gender=Fem|Number=Sing 36 parataxis _ Gloss=the.law|Ref=EST_4:16!29|MId=o170040160292|Strong=1881 45-47 וְכַאֲשֶׁ֥ר _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 45 וְ וְ CCONJ _ _ 49 cc _ Gloss=and|Ref=EST_4:16!30|MId=o170040160301|Strong=2050b 46 כַ כְּ ADP _ _ 49 obl _ Gloss=|Ref=EST_4:16!30|MId=o170040160302|Strong=3509a 47 אֲשֶׁ֥ר אֲשֶׁר SCONJ _ _ 48 mark _ Gloss=when|Ref=EST_4:16!30|MId=o170040160303|Strong=0834|Type=relative 48 אָבַ֖דְתִּי אָבַד VERB _ Gender=Com|HebBinyan=QAL|Number=Sing|Person=1 46 acl:relcl _ Gloss=I.have.perished|Ref=EST_4:16!31|MId=o170040160311|Strong=0006|Frame=A0:170040150021;|Type=qatal 49 אָבָֽדְתִּי אָבַד VERB _ Gender=Com|HebBinyan=QAL|Number=Sing|Person=1 1 conj _ Gloss=I.have.perished|Ref=EST_4:16!32|MId=o170040160321|Strong=0006|Frame=A0:170040150021;|Type=qatal|SpaceAfter=No 50 ׃ ׃ PUNCT _ _ 49 punct _ Ref=EST_4:16!32 ``` ## Pragmatics {#pragmatics} - form: command - act: request - voice: character - speech: speech with no frame - negation: yes | verb | form · stem | who (A0) | what, whom (A1) | to whom, further (A2) | who makes it happen (AA) | | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | | לֵךְ *go* | imperative · qal | | | | | | כְּנוֹס *gather* | imperative · qal | | יְּהוּדִים *Jews* | | | | נִּמְצְאִים *are\] found* | participle active · niphal | | יְּהוּדִים *Jews* | | | | צוּמוּ *fast* | imperative · qal | יְּהוּדִים *Jews* | | | | | **not** תֹּאכְלוּ *eat* | jussive · qal | יְּהוּדִים *Jews* | | | | | **not** תִּשְׁתּוּ *drink* | jussive · qal | יְּהוּדִים *Jews* | | | | | אָצוּם *I will fast* | yiqtol · qal | אֲנִי *I* + נַעֲרֹת *maids* | | | | | אָבוֹא *I will go* | yiqtol · qal | | | | | | אָבַדְתִּי *I have perished* | qatal · qal | | | | | | אָבָֽדְתִּי *I have perished* | qatal · qal | | | | | MACULA's semantic frames: for each verb the head word of each participant. A0 is the one who acts, A1 what the act is done to or is about, A2 a further participant; AA, with a causative verb, the one who makes it happen. ## The Targum {#onkelos} אֱזֵיל כְּנוֹס יַת כָּל יְהוּדָאֵי דִי אִשְׁתַּכְּחוּן בְּשׁוּשַׁן וְצוּמוּ עָלַי לָא תֵיכְלוּן וְלָא תִשְׁתּוּן תְּלָתָא יוֹמִין וְצַלוּ קֳדָם מָרֵי עַלְמָא בְּלֵילְיָא וּבִימָמָא וְאוּף אֲנָא וְעוּלֵמָתַי נָצוּם הֵיכְדֵין וּבָתַר כֵּן אֵיעוּל לְוַת מַלְכָּא דְלָא כְדִינָא וְהֵיכְמָא דְהוֹבָדִית מִן בֵּית נְשַׁי וְאִידַבָּרִית מִנָךְ בְּאוֹנְסָא כְּדֵין אוֹבֵד מִן חַיֵי עַלְמָא הָדֵין בְּגִין פּוּרְקַן עַמָא בֵּית יִשְׂרָאֵל: The Aramaic translation read beside the Hebrew. Text only: Mova has no Aramaic parser yet. ## English, JPS 1917 {#english} Each sentence on its own page, with its tree and pragmatics. A sentence that runs on into the next verse is listed under the verse it begins in. 1. ['Go, gather together all the Jews that are present in Shushan, and fast ye for me, and neither eat nor drink three days, night or day; I also and my maidens will fast in like manner; and so will I go in unto the king, which is not according to the law; and if I perish, I perish.'](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/ketuvim/jps/EST.78/) **Hebrew text:** Westminster Leningrad Codex, public domain. **Tree, glosses and frames:** MACULA Hebrew Linguistic Datasets, available at [github.com/Clear-Bible/macula-hebrew](https://github.com/Clear-Bible/macula-hebrew/), [CC BY 4.0](https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/); converted to Universal Dependencies by Mova (words in text order, a prefix its own word). **Speech act:** Mova's rules on the MACULA words (`macula prag`). **Targum:** Onkelos (Torat Emet), Jonathan and the Writings (Mikraot Gedolot), from Sefaria, public domain. **English:** JPS 1917, public domain; trees and speech acts by Mova's cycle, frames by Mova's reader (Elamur Cosmic License). Hebrew sentence `wlc:EST:75`. - ← previous: [Esther 4:15](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/ketuvim/EST.4.15/) - next →: [Esther 4:17](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/ketuvim/EST.4.17/) - ↑ back to [Esther 4](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/ketuvim/EST/4/)