--- title: Esther 4:3 — And in every province, whithersoever the king's commandment and his… · Hebrew, tree and pragmatics description: And in every province, whithersoever the king's commandment and his decree came, there was great mourning among the Jews, and fasting, and weeping, and wailing; and many lay in sackcloth and ashes. Who acts: commandment, great mourning, many, king. Esther 4:3 in Hebrew with its dependency tree, the --- [Mova](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) · [this page in HTML](https://mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/ketuvim/EST.4.3/) [home](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) / [corpora](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/) / [Tanakh](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/tanakh/) / [Ketuvim](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/ketuvim/) / [Esther](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/ketuvim/EST/) / [chapter 4](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/ketuvim/EST/4/) / 4:3 # Esther 4:3 אֶסְתֵּר **Who acts:** commandment, great mourning, many, king · **What happens:** come, be, lie, command, decree · **To what, where:** province, sackcloth · **Speech:** someone speaks in this verse This is Esther 4:3 from Mova's open Bible corpus, the Tanakh in three languages (Ketuvim — the Writings). The page gives the verse in Hebrew as the Westminster Leningrad Codex has it, its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, built from MACULA Hebrew — and its pragmatics: who acts — commandment, great mourning, many, king — and what happens in the verse to province, sackcloth, read clause by clause by Mova's frames. Beside it stand the Aramaic of the Targum and the English of the Jewish Publication Society's 1917 translation, each English sentence with a tree of its own. It is one of the 10 chapters of Esther on this site, all built by Mova itself from its own trees, with no large model in between. וּבְכָל־מְדִינָ֣ה וּמְדִינָ֗ה מְקוֹם֙ אֲשֶׁ֨ר דְּבַר־הַמֶּ֤לֶךְ וְדָתוֹ֙ מַגִּ֔יעַ אֵ֤בֶל גָּדוֹל֙ לַיְּהוּדִ֔ים וְצ֥וֹם וּבְכִ֖י וּמִסְפֵּ֑ד שַׂ֣ק וָאֵ֔פֶר יֻצַּ֖ע לָֽרַבִּֽים׃ [And in every province, whithersoever the king's commandment and his decree came, there was great mourning among the Jews, and fasting, and weeping, and wailing; and many lay in sackcloth and ashes.](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/ketuvim/jps/EST.65/) ## The tree {#tree} Right to left, as the Hebrew is read; a prefix or suffix is a word of its own, and a line under the words joins those written as one. Under each word its part of speech and MACULA's English gloss. ```conllu rtl gloss # sent_id = wlc:EST:62 # text = וּבְכָל־מְדִינָ֣ה וּמְדִינָ֗ה מְקוֹם֙ אֲשֶׁ֨ר דְּבַר־הַמֶּ֤לֶךְ וְדָתוֹ֙ מַגִּ֔יעַ אֵ֤בֶל גָּדוֹל֙ לַיְּהוּדִ֔ים וְצ֥וֹם וּבְכִ֖י וּמִסְפֵּ֑ד שַׂ֣ק וָאֵ֔פֶר יֻצַּ֖ע לָֽרַבִּֽים׃ # verse = EST.4.3 1-3 וּבְכָל־ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 1 וּ וְ CCONJ _ _ 20 cc _ Gloss=and|Ref=EST_4:3!1|MId=o170040030011|Strong=2050b 2 בְ בְּ ADP _ _ 3 case _ Gloss=in|Ref=EST_4:3!1|MId=o170040030012|Strong=0871a 3 כָל־ כֹּל NOUN _ Gender=Masc|Number=Sing 20 obl _ Gloss=every|Ref=EST_4:3!1|MId=o170040030013|Strong=3605 4 מְדִינָ֣ה מְדִינָה NOUN _ Gender=Fem|Number=Sing 3 compound:smixut _ Gloss=province|Ref=EST_4:3!2|MId=o170040030021|Strong=4082 5-6 וּמְדִינָ֗ה _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 5 וּ וְ CCONJ _ _ 6 cc _ Gloss=and|Ref=EST_4:3!3|MId=o170040030031|Strong=2050b 6 מְדִינָ֗ה מְדִינָה NOUN _ Gender=Fem|Number=Sing 4 conj _ Gloss=province|Ref=EST_4:3!3|MId=o170040030032|Strong=4082 7 מְקוֹם֙ מָקוֹם NOUN _ Gender=Masc|Number=Sing 4 appos _ Gloss=the.place|Ref=EST_4:3!4|MId=o170040030041|Strong=4725 8 אֲשֶׁ֨ר אֲשֶׁר SCONJ _ _ 15 mark _ Gloss=(of).where|Ref=EST_4:3!5|MId=o170040030051|Strong=0834|Type=relative 9 דְּבַר־ דָּבָר NOUN _ Gender=Masc|Number=Sing 15 nsubj _ Gloss=the.word|Ref=EST_4:3!6|MId=o170040030061|Strong=1697|SpaceAfter=No 10-11 הַמֶּ֤לֶךְ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 10 הַ הַ DET _ PronType=Art 11 det _ Gloss=of|Ref=EST_4:3!7|MId=o170040030071|Strong=1886a|Type=definite_article 11 מֶּ֤לֶךְ מֶלֶךְ NOUN _ Gender=Masc|Number=Sing 9 compound:smixut _ Gloss=the.king|Ref=EST_4:3!7|MId=o170040030072|Strong=4428 12-14 וְדָתוֹ֙ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 12 וְ וְ CCONJ _ _ 13 cc _ Gloss=and|Ref=EST_4:3!8|MId=o170040030081|Strong=2050b 13 דָת דָּת NOUN _ Gender=Fem|Number=Sing 9 conj _ Gloss=law|Ref=EST_4:3!8|MId=o170040030082|Strong=1881 14 וֹ֙ הוּא PRON _ Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs 13 nmod:poss _ Gloss=his|Ref=EST_4:3!8|MId=o170040030083|Strong=2050c|Type=pronominal 15 מַגִּ֔יעַ נָגַע VERB _ Gender=Masc|HebBinyan=HIPHIL|Number=Sing 7 acl:relcl _ Gloss=[was].reaching|Ref=EST_4:3!9|MId=o170040030091|Strong=5060|Frame=AA:170040030061;170040030082;A0:170040030041;|Type=participle_active 16 אֵ֤בֶל אֵבֶל NOUN _ Gender=Masc|Number=Sing 20 nsubj _ Gloss=mourning|Ref=EST_4:3!10|MId=o170040030101|Strong=0060 17 גָּדוֹל֙ גָּדוֹל ADJ _ Gender=Masc|Number=Sing 16 amod _ Gloss=great|Ref=EST_4:3!11|MId=o170040030111|Strong=1419|Type=adjective 18-20 לַיְּהוּדִ֔ים _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 18 לַ לְ ADP _ _ 20 case _ Gloss=[belonged].to|Ref=EST_4:3!12|MId=o170040030121|Strong=3807a 19 ה הַ DET _ PronType=Art 20 det _ Gloss=the|Ref=EST_4:3!12|MId=o170040030121ה|Strong=1886a|Type=definite_article 20 יְּהוּדִ֔ים יְהוּדִי NOUN _ Gender=Masc|Number=Plur 0 root _ Gloss=Jews|Ref=EST_4:3!12|MId=o170040030122|Strong=3064|Type=gentilic 21-22 וְצ֥וֹם _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 21 וְ וְ CCONJ _ _ 22 cc _ Gloss=and|Ref=EST_4:3!13|MId=o170040030131|Strong=2050b 22 צ֥וֹם צוֹם NOUN _ Gender=Masc|Number=Sing 20 conj _ Gloss=fasting|Ref=EST_4:3!13|MId=o170040030132|Strong=6685 23-24 וּבְכִ֖י _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 23 וּ וְ CCONJ _ _ 24 cc _ Gloss=and|Ref=EST_4:3!14|MId=o170040030141|Strong=2050b 24 בְכִ֖י בְּכִי NOUN _ Gender=Masc|Number=Sing 22 conj _ Gloss=weeping|Ref=EST_4:3!14|MId=o170040030142|Strong=1065 25-26 וּמִסְפֵּ֑ד _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 25 וּ וְ CCONJ _ _ 26 cc _ Gloss=and|Ref=EST_4:3!15|MId=o170040030151|Strong=2050b 26 מִסְפֵּ֑ד מִסְפֵּד NOUN _ Gender=Masc|Number=Sing 22 conj _ Gloss=wailing|Ref=EST_4:3!15|MId=o170040030152|Strong=4553 27 שַׂ֣ק שַׂק NOUN _ Gender=Masc|Number=Sing 30 nsubj _ Gloss=sackcloth|Ref=EST_4:3!16|MId=o170040030161|Strong=8242 28-29 וָאֵ֔פֶר _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 28 וָ וְ CCONJ _ _ 29 cc _ Gloss=and|Ref=EST_4:3!17|MId=o170040030171|Strong=2050b 29 אֵ֔פֶר אֵפֶר NOUN _ Gender=Masc|Number=Sing 27 conj _ Gloss=ash[es]|Ref=EST_4:3!17|MId=o170040030172|Strong=0665 30 יֻצַּ֖ע יָצַע VERB _ Gender=Masc|HebBinyan=HOPHAL|Number=Sing|Person=3 20 parataxis _ Gloss=it.was.spread.as.a.bed|Ref=EST_4:3!18|MId=o170040030181|Strong=3331|Frame=A1:170040030161;170040030172;|Type=yiqtol 31-33 לָֽרַבִּֽים _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 31 לָֽ לְ ADP _ _ 33 case _ Gloss=by.(the)|Ref=EST_4:3!19|MId=o170040030191|Strong=3807a 32 ה הַ DET _ PronType=Art 33 det _ Gloss=many|Ref=EST_4:3!19|MId=o170040030191ה|Strong=1886a|Type=definite_article 33 רַבִּֽים רַב ADJ _ Gender=Masc|Number=Plur 30 obl _ Gloss=[people]|Ref=EST_4:3!19|MId=o170040030192|Strong=7227|Type=adjective 34 ׃ ׃ PUNCT _ _ 33 punct _ Ref=EST_4:3!19 ``` ## Pragmatics {#pragmatics} - form: statement - act: assert - voice: narrator - speech: narration - negation: no | verb | form · stem | who (A0) | what, whom (A1) | to whom, further (A2) | who makes it happen (AA) | | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | | מַגִּיעַ *\[was\] reaching* | participle active · hiphil | מְקוֹם *the place* | | | דְּבַר־ *the word* + דָת *law* | | יֻצַּע *it was spread as a bed* | yiqtol · hophal | | שַׂק *sackcloth* + אֵפֶר *ash\[es\]* | | | MACULA's semantic frames: for each verb the head word of each participant. A0 is the one who acts, A1 what the act is done to or is about, A2 a further participant; AA, with a causative verb, the one who makes it happen. ## The Targum {#onkelos} וּבְכָל פִּלְכָא וּפִלְכָא וּבְכָל קִרְיָא וְקִרְיָא אָתַר דְפִתְגָם מַלְכָּא וּגְזֵירָת דִינֵיהּ מְטֵי אֶבְלָא רַבָּא לִיהוּדָאֵי וְצוּמָא וּבָכוּתָא וּמִסְפְּדָא וּלְבוּשׁ שַׂק וְקִטְמָא הֲוָה מִתְשָׂם עֲלַוֵי צַדִיקַיָא סַגִיאִין: The Aramaic translation read beside the Hebrew. Text only: Mova has no Aramaic parser yet. ## English, JPS 1917 {#english} Each sentence on its own page, with its tree and pragmatics. A sentence that runs on into the next verse is listed under the verse it begins in. 1. [And in every province, whithersoever the king's commandment and his decree came, there was great mourning among the Jews, and fasting, and weeping, and wailing; and many lay in sackcloth and ashes.](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/ketuvim/jps/EST.65/) **Hebrew text:** Westminster Leningrad Codex, public domain. **Tree, glosses and frames:** MACULA Hebrew Linguistic Datasets, available at [github.com/Clear-Bible/macula-hebrew](https://github.com/Clear-Bible/macula-hebrew/), [CC BY 4.0](https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/); converted to Universal Dependencies by Mova (words in text order, a prefix its own word). **Speech act:** Mova's rules on the MACULA words (`macula prag`). **Targum:** Onkelos (Torat Emet), Jonathan and the Writings (Mikraot Gedolot), from Sefaria, public domain. **English:** JPS 1917, public domain; trees and speech acts by Mova's cycle, frames by Mova's reader (Elamur Cosmic License). Hebrew sentence `wlc:EST:62`. - ← previous: [Esther 4:2](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/ketuvim/EST.4.2/) - next →: [Esther 4:4](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/ketuvim/EST.4.4/) - ↑ back to [Esther 4](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/ketuvim/EST/4/)