--- title: Esther 4:8 — Also he gave him the copy of the writing of the decree that was give… · Hebrew, tree and pragmatics description: Also he gave him the copy of the writing of the decree that was given out in Shushan to destroy them, to show it unto Esther, and to declare it unto her; and to charge her that she should go in unto the king, to make supplication unto him, and to make request before him, for her people. Who acts: Mo --- [Mova](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) · [this page in HTML](https://mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/ketuvim/EST.4.8/) [home](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) / [corpora](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/) / [Tanakh](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/tanakh/) / [Ketuvim](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/ketuvim/) / [Esther](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/ketuvim/EST/) / [chapter 4](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/ketuvim/EST/4/) / 4:8 # Esther 4:8 אֶסְתֵּר **Who acts:** Mordecai, Esther · **What happens:** give, give out, destroy, show, declare, charge · **To what, where:** copy, king, decree, Shushan, Jews, Esther This is Esther 4:8 from Mova's open Bible corpus, the Tanakh in three languages (Ketuvim — the Writings). The page gives the verse in Hebrew as the Westminster Leningrad Codex has it, its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, built from MACULA Hebrew — and its pragmatics: who acts — Mordecai, Esther — and what happens in the verse to copy, king, decree, Shushan, Jews, Esther, read clause by clause by Mova's frames. Beside it stand the Aramaic of the Targum and the English of the Jewish Publication Society's 1917 translation, each English sentence with a tree of its own. It is one of the 10 chapters of Esther on this site, all built by Mova itself from its own trees, with no large model in between. וְאֶת־פַּתְשֶׁ֣גֶן כְּתָֽב־הַ֠דָּת אֲשֶׁר־נִתַּ֨ן בְּשׁוּשָׁ֤ן לְהַשְׁמִידָם֙ נָ֣תַן ל֔וֹ לְהַרְא֥וֹת אֶת־אֶסְתֵּ֖ר וּלְהַגִּ֣יד לָ֑הּ וּלְצַוּ֣וֹת עָלֶ֗יהָ לָב֨וֹא אֶל־הַמֶּ֧לֶךְ לְהִֽתְחַנֶּן־ל֛וֹ וּלְבַקֵּ֥שׁ מִלְּפָנָ֖יו עַל־עַמָּֽהּ׃ [Also he gave him the copy of the writing of the decree that was given out in Shushan to destroy them, to show it unto Esther, and to declare it unto her; and to charge her that she should go in unto the king, to make supplication unto him, and to make request before him, for her people.](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/ketuvim/jps/EST.70/) ## The tree {#tree} Right to left, as the Hebrew is read; a prefix or suffix is a word of its own, and a line under the words joins those written as one. Under each word its part of speech and MACULA's English gloss. ```conllu rtl gloss # sent_id = wlc:EST:67 # text = וְאֶת־פַּתְשֶׁ֣גֶן כְּתָֽב־הַ֠דָּת אֲשֶׁר־נִתַּ֨ן בְּשׁוּשָׁ֤ן לְהַשְׁמִידָם֙ נָ֣תַן ל֔וֹ לְהַרְא֥וֹת אֶת־אֶסְתֵּ֖ר וּלְהַגִּ֣יד לָ֑הּ וּלְצַוּ֣וֹת עָלֶ֗יהָ לָב֨וֹא אֶל־הַמֶּ֧לֶךְ לְהִֽתְחַנֶּן־ל֛וֹ וּלְבַקֵּ֥שׁ מִלְּפָנָ֖יו עַל־עַמָּֽהּ׃ # verse = EST.4.8 1-2 וְאֶת־ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 1 וְ וְ CCONJ _ _ 14 cc _ Gloss=and|Ref=EST_4:8!1|MId=o170040080011|Strong=2050b 2 אֶת־ אֵת ADP _ _ 3 case _ Gloss=(et)|Ref=EST_4:8!1|MId=o170040080012|Strong=0853|Type=direct_object_marker 3 פַּתְשֶׁ֣גֶן פַּתְשֶׁגֶן NOUN _ Gender=Masc|Number=Sing 14 obj _ Gloss=(the).copy|Ref=EST_4:8!2|MId=o170040080021|Strong=6572 4 כְּתָֽב־ כְּתָב NOUN _ Gender=Masc|Number=Sing 3 compound:smixut _ Gloss=of.the.writing|Ref=EST_4:8!3|MId=o170040080031|Strong=3791|SpaceAfter=No 5-6 הַ֠דָּת _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 5 הַ֠ הַ DET _ PronType=Art 6 det _ Gloss=of|Ref=EST_4:8!4|MId=o170040080041|Strong=1886a|Type=definite_article 6 דָּת דָּת NOUN _ Gender=Fem|Number=Sing 4 compound:smixut _ Gloss=the.law|Ref=EST_4:8!4|MId=o170040080042|Strong=1881 7 אֲשֶׁר־ אֲשֶׁר SCONJ _ _ 8 mark _ Gloss=which|Ref=EST_4:8!5|MId=o170040080051|Strong=0834|Type=relative|SpaceAfter=No 8 נִתַּ֨ן נָתַן VERB _ Gender=Masc|HebBinyan=NIPHAL|Number=Sing|Person=3 6 acl:relcl _ Gloss=it.had.been.given|Ref=EST_4:8!6|MId=o170040080061|Strong=5414|Frame=A1:170040080042;|Type=qatal 9-10 בְּשׁוּשָׁ֤ן _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 9 בְּ בְּ ADP _ _ 10 case _ Gloss=in|Ref=EST_4:8!7|MId=o170040080071|Strong=0871a 10 שׁוּשָׁ֤ן שׁוּשַׁן PROPN _ _ 8 obl _ Gloss=Susa|Ref=EST_4:8!7|MId=o170040080072|Strong=7800 11-13 לְהַשְׁמִידָם֙ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 11 לְ לְ ADP _ _ 12 case _ Gloss=to|Ref=EST_4:8!8|MId=o170040080081|Strong=3807a 12 הַשְׁמִיד שָׁמַד VERB _ HebBinyan=HIPHIL 8 xcomp _ Gloss=annihilate|Ref=EST_4:8!8|MId=o170040080082|Strong=8045|Frame=A0:;A1:170040080083;|Type=infinitive_construct 13 ָם֙ הוּא PRON _ Gender=Masc|Number=Plur|Person=3|PronType=Prs 12 obj _ Gloss=them|Ref=EST_4:8!8|MId=o170040080083|Strong=3963a|Type=pronominal 14 נָ֣תַן נָתַן VERB _ Gender=Masc|HebBinyan=QAL|Number=Sing|Person=3 0 root _ Gloss=he.gave|Ref=EST_4:8!9|MId=o170040080091|Strong=5414|Frame=A0:170040070031;A1:170040080021;|Type=qatal 15-16 ל֔וֹ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 15 ל לְ ADP _ _ 16 case _ Gloss=to|Ref=EST_4:8!10|MId=o170040080101|Strong=3807a 16 ֔וֹ הוּא PRON _ Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs 14 obl _ Gloss=him|Ref=EST_4:8!10|MId=o170040080102|Strong=2050c|Type=pronominal 17-18 לְהַרְא֥וֹת _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 17 לְ לְ ADP _ _ 18 case _ Gloss=to|Ref=EST_4:8!11|MId=o170040080111|Strong=3807a 18 הַרְא֥וֹת רָאָה VERB _ HebBinyan=HIPHIL 14 xcomp _ Gloss=show|Ref=EST_4:8!11|MId=o170040080112|Strong=7200|Frame=AA:170040060021;A0:170040080131;A1:170040080021;|Type=infinitive_construct 19 אֶת־ אֵת ADP _ _ 20 case _ Gloss=(et)|Ref=EST_4:8!12|MId=o170040080121|Strong=0853|Type=direct_object_marker|SpaceAfter=No 20 אֶסְתֵּ֖ר אֶסְתֵּר PROPN _ _ 18 obj _ Gloss=Esther|Ref=EST_4:8!13|MId=o170040080131|Strong=0635 21-23 וּלְהַגִּ֣יד _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 21 וּ וְ CCONJ _ _ 23 cc _ Gloss=and|Ref=EST_4:8!14|MId=o170040080141|Strong=2050b 22 לְ לְ ADP _ _ 23 case _ Gloss=to|Ref=EST_4:8!14|MId=o170040080142|Strong=3807a 23 הַגִּ֣יד נָגַד VERB _ HebBinyan=HIPHIL 18 conj _ Gloss=tell|Ref=EST_4:8!14|MId=o170040080143|Strong=5046|Frame=A0:170040060021;|Type=infinitive_construct 24-25 לָ֑הּ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 24 ל לְ ADP _ _ 25 case _ Gloss=to|Ref=EST_4:8!15|MId=o170040080151|Strong=3807a 25 ָ֑הּ הוּא PRON _ Gender=Fem|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs 23 obl _ Gloss=her|Ref=EST_4:8!15|MId=o170040080152|Strong=1886d|Type=pronominal 26-28 וּלְצַוּ֣וֹת _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 26 וּ וְ CCONJ _ _ 28 cc _ Gloss=and|Ref=EST_4:8!16|MId=o170040080161|Strong=2050b 27 לְ לְ ADP _ _ 28 case _ Gloss=to|Ref=EST_4:8!16|MId=o170040080162|Strong=3807a 28 צַוּ֣וֹת צָוָה VERB _ HebBinyan=PIEL 18 conj _ Gloss=command|Ref=EST_4:8!16|MId=o170040080163|Strong=6680|Frame=A0:170040060021;|Type=infinitive_construct 29-30 עָלֶ֗יהָ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 29 עָלֶ֗י עַל ADP _ _ 30 case _ Gloss=to|Ref=EST_4:8!17|MId=o170040080171|Strong=5921 30 הָ הוּא PRON _ Gender=Fem|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs 28 obl _ Gloss=her|Ref=EST_4:8!17|MId=o170040080172|Strong=1886d|Type=pronominal 31-32 לָב֨וֹא _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 31 לָ לְ ADP _ _ 32 case _ Gloss=to|Ref=EST_4:8!18|MId=o170040080181|Strong=3807a 32 ב֨וֹא בּוֹא VERB _ HebBinyan=QAL 28 xcomp _ Gloss=go|Ref=EST_4:8!18|MId=o170040080182|Strong=0935|Frame=A0:170040080131;|Type=infinitive_construct 33 אֶל־ אֶל ADP _ _ 35 case _ Gloss=to|Ref=EST_4:8!19|MId=o170040080191|Strong=0413|SpaceAfter=No 34-35 הַמֶּ֧לֶךְ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 34 הַ הַ DET _ PronType=Art 35 det _ Gloss=the|Ref=EST_4:8!20|MId=o170040080201|Strong=1886a|Type=definite_article 35 מֶּ֧לֶךְ מֶלֶךְ NOUN _ Gender=Masc|Number=Sing 32 obl _ Gloss=king|Ref=EST_4:8!20|MId=o170040080202|Strong=4428 36-37 לְהִֽתְחַנֶּן־ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 36 לְ לְ ADP _ _ 37 case _ Gloss=to|Ref=EST_4:8!21|MId=o170040080211|Strong=3807a 37 הִֽתְחַנֶּן־ חָנַן VERB _ HebBinyan=HITHPAEL 32 advcl _ Gloss=seek.favor|Ref=EST_4:8!21|MId=o170040080212|Strong=2603|Frame=A0:170040080131;|Type=infinitive_construct 38-39 ל֛וֹ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 38 ל לְ ADP _ _ 39 case _ Gloss=to|Ref=EST_4:8!22|MId=o170040080221|Strong=3807a 39 ֛וֹ הוּא PRON _ Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs 37 obl _ Gloss=him|Ref=EST_4:8!22|MId=o170040080222|Strong=2050c|Type=pronominal 40-42 וּלְבַקֵּ֥שׁ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 40 וּ וְ CCONJ _ _ 42 cc _ Gloss=and|Ref=EST_4:8!23|MId=o170040080231|Strong=2050b 41 לְ לְ ADP _ _ 42 case _ Gloss=to|Ref=EST_4:8!23|MId=o170040080232|Strong=3807a 42 בַקֵּ֥שׁ בָּקַשׁ VERB _ HebBinyan=PIEL 37 conj _ Gloss=request|Ref=EST_4:8!23|MId=o170040080233|Strong=1245|Frame=A0:170040080131;|Type=infinitive_construct 43-46 מִלְּפָנָ֖יו _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 43 מִ מִן ADP _ _ 45 case _ Gloss=from|Ref=EST_4:8!24|MId=o170040080241|Strong=4480 44 לְּ לְ ADP _ _ 45 case _ Gloss=before|Ref=EST_4:8!24|MId=o170040080242|Strong=3807a 45 פָנָ֖י פָּנֶה NOUN _ Number=Plur 42 obl _ Gloss=face|Ref=EST_4:8!24|MId=o170040080243|Strong=6440 46 ו הוּא PRON _ Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs 45 nmod:poss _ Gloss=him|Ref=EST_4:8!24|MId=o170040080244|Strong=2050c|Type=pronominal 47 עַל־ עַל ADP _ _ 48 case _ Gloss=on|Ref=EST_4:8!25|MId=o170040080251|Strong=5921|SpaceAfter=No 48-49 עַמָּֽהּ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 48 עַמּ עַם NOUN _ Gender=Masc|Number=Sing 42 obl _ Gloss=people|Ref=EST_4:8!26|MId=o170040080261|Strong=5971 49 ָֽהּ הוּא PRON _ Gender=Fem|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs 48 nmod:poss _ Gloss=her|Ref=EST_4:8!26|MId=o170040080262|Strong=1886d|Type=pronominal 50 ׃ ׃ PUNCT _ _ 49 punct _ Ref=EST_4:8!26 ``` ## Pragmatics {#pragmatics} - form: statement - act: assert - voice: narrator - speech: narration - negation: no | verb | form · stem | who (A0) | what, whom (A1) | to whom, further (A2) | who makes it happen (AA) | | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | | נִתַּן *it had been given* | qatal · niphal | | דָּת *the law* | | | | הַשְׁמִיד *annihilate* | infinitive construct · hiphil | | ָם *them* | | | | נָתַן *he gave* | qatal · qal | | פַּתְשֶׁגֶן *(the) copy* | | | | הַרְאוֹת *show* | infinitive construct · hiphil | אֶסְתֵּר *Esther* | פַּתְשֶׁגֶן *(the) copy* | | | | הַגִּיד *tell* | infinitive construct · hiphil | | | | | | צַוּוֹת *command* | infinitive construct · piel | | | | | | בוֹא *go* | infinitive construct · qal | אֶסְתֵּר *Esther* | | | | | הִֽתְחַנֶּן־ *seek favor* | infinitive construct · hithpael | אֶסְתֵּר *Esther* | | | | | בַקֵּשׁ *request* | infinitive construct · piel | אֶסְתֵּר *Esther* | | | | MACULA's semantic frames: for each verb the head word of each participant. A0 is the one who acts, A1 what the act is done to or is about, A2 a further participant; AA, with a causative verb, the one who makes it happen. ## The Targum {#onkelos} וְיַת דִיטַגְמָא כְתָב גְזֵירְתָּא דְאִתְיְהִיב בְּשׁוּשָׁן לְשֵׁצָיוּתְהוֹן יְהַב לֵיהּ לְאַחֲזָאָה יַת אֶסְתֵּר וּלְחַוָאָה לָהּ מַה דְחָשַׁב הָמָן רַשִׁיעָא עַל עַמָא דִיהוּדָאֵי וּלְפַקְדָא עֲלָהּ לְמֵיעַל לְוַת מַלְכָּא לְפַיְיסָא לֵיהּ וּלְמִבְעֵי רַחֲמִין עַל עַמָהּ: The Aramaic translation read beside the Hebrew. Text only: Mova has no Aramaic parser yet. ## English, JPS 1917 {#english} Each sentence on its own page, with its tree and pragmatics. A sentence that runs on into the next verse is listed under the verse it begins in. 1. [Also he gave him the copy of the writing of the decree that was given out in Shushan to destroy them, to show it unto Esther, and to declare it unto her; and to charge her that she should go in unto the king, to make supplication unto him, and to make request before him, for her people.](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/ketuvim/jps/EST.70/) **Hebrew text:** Westminster Leningrad Codex, public domain. **Tree, glosses and frames:** MACULA Hebrew Linguistic Datasets, available at [github.com/Clear-Bible/macula-hebrew](https://github.com/Clear-Bible/macula-hebrew/), [CC BY 4.0](https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/); converted to Universal Dependencies by Mova (words in text order, a prefix its own word). **Speech act:** Mova's rules on the MACULA words (`macula prag`). **Targum:** Onkelos (Torat Emet), Jonathan and the Writings (Mikraot Gedolot), from Sefaria, public domain. **English:** JPS 1917, public domain; trees and speech acts by Mova's cycle, frames by Mova's reader (Elamur Cosmic License). Hebrew sentence `wlc:EST:67`. - ← previous: [Esther 4:7](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/ketuvim/EST.4.7/) - next →: [Esther 4:9](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/ketuvim/EST.4.9/) - ↑ back to [Esther 4](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/ketuvim/EST/4/)