--- title: Esther 8:10 — And they wrote in the name of king Ahasuerus, and sealed it with the… · Hebrew, tree and pragmatics description: And they wrote in the name of king Ahasuerus, and sealed it with the king's ring, and sent letters by posts on horseback, riding on swift steeds that were used in the king's service, bred of the stud; Who acts: scribes, king. Esther 8:10 in Hebrew with its dependency tree, the Targum, JPS 1917 and t --- [Mova](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) · [this page in HTML](https://mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/ketuvim/EST.8.10/) [home](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) / [corpora](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/) / [Tanakh](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/tanakh/) / [Ketuvim](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/ketuvim/) / [Esther](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/ketuvim/EST/) / [chapter 8](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/ketuvim/EST/8/) / 8:10 # Esther 8:10 אֶסְתֵּר **Who acts:** scribes, king · **What happens:** write, seal, send, ride, use, breed · **To what, where:** name, hand, letters, swift steeds, service, king Ahasuerus This is Esther 8:10 from Mova's open Bible corpus, the Tanakh in three languages (Ketuvim — the Writings). The page gives the verse in Hebrew as the Westminster Leningrad Codex has it, its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, built from MACULA Hebrew — and its pragmatics: who acts — scribes, king — and what happens in the verse to name, hand, letters, swift steeds, service, king Ahasuerus, read clause by clause by Mova's frames. Beside it stand the Aramaic of the Targum and the English of the Jewish Publication Society's 1917 translation, each English sentence with a tree of its own. It is one of the 10 chapters of Esther on this site, all built by Mova itself from its own trees, with no large model in between. וַיִּכְתֹּ֗ב בְּשֵׁם֙ הַמֶּ֣לֶךְ אֲחַשְׁוֵרֹ֔שׁ וַיַּחְתֹּ֖ם בְּטַבַּ֣עַת הַמֶּ֑לֶךְ וַיִּשְׁלַ֣ח סְפָרִ֡ים בְּיַד֩ הָרָצִ֨ים בַּסּוּסִ֜ים רֹכְבֵ֤י הָרֶ֙כֶשׁ֙ הָֽאֲחַשְׁתְּרָנִ֔ים בְּנֵ֖י הָֽרַמָּכִֽים׃ [And they wrote in the name of king Ahasuerus, and sealed it with the king's ring, and sent letters by posts on horseback, riding on swift steeds that were used in the king's service, bred of the stud;](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/ketuvim/jps/EST.137/) ## The tree {#tree} Right to left, as the Hebrew is read; a prefix or suffix is a word of its own, and a line under the words joins those written as one. Under each word its part of speech and MACULA's English gloss. ```conllu rtl gloss # sent_id = wlc:EST:124 # text = וַיִּכְתֹּ֗ב בְּשֵׁם֙ הַמֶּ֣לֶךְ אֲחַשְׁוֵרֹ֔שׁ וַיַּחְתֹּ֖ם בְּטַבַּ֣עַת הַמֶּ֑לֶךְ וַיִּשְׁלַ֣ח סְפָרִ֡ים בְּיַד֩ הָרָצִ֨ים בַּסּוּסִ֜ים רֹכְבֵ֤י הָרֶ֙כֶשׁ֙ הָֽאֲחַשְׁתְּרָנִ֔ים בְּנֵ֖י הָֽרַמָּכִֽים׃ # verse = EST.8.10 1-2 וַיִּכְתֹּ֗ב _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 1 וַ וְ CCONJ _ _ 2 cc _ Gloss=and|Ref=EST_8:10!1|MId=o170080100011|Strong=2050b 2 יִּכְתֹּ֗ב כָּתַב VERB _ Gender=Masc|HebBinyan=QAL|Number=Sing|Person=3 0 root _ Gloss=he.wrote|Ref=EST_8:10!1|MId=o170080100012|Strong=3789|Frame=A0:170080090181;|Type=wayyiqtol 3-4 בְּשֵׁם֙ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 3 בְּ בְּ ADP _ _ 4 case _ Gloss=in|Ref=EST_8:10!2|MId=o170080100021|Strong=0871a 4 שֵׁם֙ שֵׁם NOUN _ Gender=Masc|Number=Sing 2 obl _ Gloss=the.name|Ref=EST_8:10!2|MId=o170080100022|Strong=8034 5-6 הַמֶּ֣לֶךְ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 5 הַ הַ DET _ PronType=Art 6 det _ Gloss=of|Ref=EST_8:10!3|MId=o170080100031|Strong=1886a|Type=definite_article 6 מֶּ֣לֶךְ מֶלֶךְ NOUN _ Gender=Masc|Number=Sing 4 compound:smixut _ Gloss=the.king|Ref=EST_8:10!3|MId=o170080100032|Strong=4428 7 אֲחַשְׁוֵרֹ֔שׁ אֲחַשְׁוֵרוֹשׁ PROPN _ _ 6 appos _ Gloss=Ahasuerus|Ref=EST_8:10!4|MId=o170080100041|Strong=0325 8-9 וַיַּחְתֹּ֖ם _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 8 וַ וְ CCONJ _ _ 9 cc _ Gloss=and|Ref=EST_8:10!5|MId=o170080100051|Strong=2050b 9 יַּחְתֹּ֖ם חָתַם VERB _ Gender=Masc|HebBinyan=QAL|Number=Sing|Person=3 2 conj _ Gloss=he.sealed.[it]|Ref=EST_8:10!5|MId=o170080100052|Strong=2856|Frame=A0:170080090181;|Type=wayyiqtol 10-11 בְּטַבַּ֣עַת _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 10 בְּ בְּ ADP _ _ 11 case _ Gloss=with|Ref=EST_8:10!6|MId=o170080100061|Strong=0871a 11 טַבַּ֣עַת טַבַּעַת NOUN _ Gender=Fem|Number=Sing 9 obl _ Gloss=the.signet-ring|Ref=EST_8:10!6|MId=o170080100062|Strong=2885 12-13 הַמֶּ֑לֶךְ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 12 הַ הַ DET _ PronType=Art 13 det _ Gloss=of|Ref=EST_8:10!7|MId=o170080100071|Strong=1886a|Type=definite_article 13 מֶּ֑לֶךְ מֶלֶךְ NOUN _ Gender=Masc|Number=Sing 11 compound:smixut _ Gloss=the.king|Ref=EST_8:10!7|MId=o170080100072|Strong=4428 14-15 וַיִּשְׁלַ֣ח _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 14 וַ וְ CCONJ _ _ 15 cc _ Gloss=and|Ref=EST_8:10!8|MId=o170080100081|Strong=2050b 15 יִּשְׁלַ֣ח שָׁלַח VERB _ Gender=Masc|HebBinyan=QAL|Number=Sing|Person=3 2 conj _ Gloss=he.sent|Ref=EST_8:10!8|MId=o170080100082|Strong=7971|Frame=A0:170080090181;A1:170080100091;|Type=wayyiqtol 16 סְפָרִ֡ים סֵפֶר NOUN _ Gender=Masc|Number=Plur 15 obj _ Gloss=letters|Ref=EST_8:10!9|MId=o170080100091|Strong=5612 17-18 בְּיַד֩ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 17 בְּ בְּ ADP _ _ 18 case _ Gloss=by|Ref=EST_8:10!10|MId=o170080100101|Strong=0871a 18 יַד֩ יָד NOUN _ Number=Sing 15 obl _ Gloss=the.hand|Ref=EST_8:10!10|MId=o170080100102|Strong=3027 19-20 הָרָצִ֨ים _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 19 הָ הַ SCONJ _ _ 20 mark _ Gloss=of.(the)|Ref=EST_8:10!11|MId=o170080100111|Strong=1886a|Type=definite_article 20 רָצִ֨ים רוּץ VERB _ Gender=Masc|HebBinyan=QAL|Number=Plur 18 compound:smixut _ Gloss=runners|Ref=EST_8:10!11|MId=o170080100112|Strong=7323|Type=participle_active 21-23 בַּסּוּסִ֜ים _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 21 בַּ בְּ ADP _ _ 23 case _ Gloss=on|Ref=EST_8:10!12|MId=o170080100121|Strong=0871a 22 ה הַ DET _ PronType=Art 23 det _ Gloss=(the)|Ref=EST_8:10!12|MId=o170080100121ה|Strong=1886a|Type=definite_article 23 סּוּסִ֜ים סוּס NOUN _ Gender=Masc|Number=Plur 20 obl _ Gloss=horses|Ref=EST_8:10!12|MId=o170080100122|Strong=5483 24 רֹכְבֵ֤י רָכַב VERB _ Gender=Masc|HebBinyan=QAL|Number=Plur 20 appos _ Gloss=[who].rode|Ref=EST_8:10!13|MId=o170080100131|Strong=7392|Frame=A0:170080100112;A1:170080100142;|Type=participle_active 25-26 הָרֶ֙כֶשׁ֙ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 25 הָ הַ DET _ PronType=Art 26 det _ Gloss=of|Ref=EST_8:10!14|MId=o170080100141|Strong=1886a|Type=definite_article 26 רֶ֙כֶשׁ֙ רֶכֶשׁ NOUN _ Gender=Masc|Number=Sing 24 compound:smixut _ Gloss=the.steed[s]|Ref=EST_8:10!14|MId=o170080100142|Strong=7409 27-28 הָֽאֲחַשְׁתְּרָנִ֔ים _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 27 הָֽ הַ DET _ PronType=Art 28 det _ Gloss=(the)|Ref=EST_8:10!15|MId=o170080100151|Strong=1886a|Type=definite_article 28 אֲחַשְׁתְּרָנִ֔ים אֲחַשְׁתְּרָן ADJ _ Gender=Masc|Number=Plur 26 appos _ Gloss=royal|Ref=EST_8:10!15|MId=o170080100152|Strong=0327|Type=adjective 29 בְּנֵ֖י בֵּן NOUN _ Gender=Masc|Number=Plur 28 appos _ Gloss=the.sons|Ref=EST_8:10!16|MId=o170080100161|Strong=1121 30-31 הָֽרַמָּכִֽים _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 30 הָֽ הַ DET _ PronType=Art 31 det _ Gloss=of|Ref=EST_8:10!17|MId=o170080100171|Strong=1886a|Type=definite_article 31 רַמָּכִֽים רַמָּכָה NOUN _ Gender=Masc|Number=Plur 29 compound:smixut _ Gloss=the.mares|Ref=EST_8:10!17|MId=o170080100172|Strong=7424 32 ׃ ׃ PUNCT _ _ 31 punct _ Ref=EST_8:10!17 ``` ## Pragmatics {#pragmatics} - form: statement - act: narrate - voice: narrator - speech: narration - negation: no | verb | form · stem | who (A0) | what, whom (A1) | to whom, further (A2) | who makes it happen (AA) | | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | | יִּכְתֹּב *he wrote* | wayyiqtol · qal | | | | | | יַּחְתֹּם *he sealed \[it\]* | wayyiqtol · qal | | | | | | יִּשְׁלַח *he sent* | wayyiqtol · qal | | סְפָרִים *letters* | | | | רֹכְבֵי *\[who\] rode* | participle active · qal | רָצִים *runners* | רֶכֶשׁ *the steed\[s\]* | | | MACULA's semantic frames: for each verb the head word of each participant. A0 is the one who acts, A1 what the act is done to or is about, A2 a further participant; AA, with a causative verb, the one who makes it happen. ## The Targum {#onkelos} וְאִכְּתַב בְּשׁוּם מֵימְרָא דְמַלְכָּא אֲחַשְׁוֵרוֹשׁ וְאִסְתְּתַם בְּעִזְקַת סְטוּמְתָּא דְמַלְכָּא וּשְׁלַח פִּטְקִין בִּידָא דִרְהִטָנִין רָהֲטֵי סוּסְוָן וְרִכְבֵי רִכְסָא עַרְטוּלְיָנֵי רַמָכִין דְאִתְנְטִילוּ טְחוֹלֵיהוֹן וְאִתְקַדַרוּ פִּסַת כַּף רִגְלֵיהוֹן: The Aramaic translation read beside the Hebrew. Text only: Mova has no Aramaic parser yet. ## English, JPS 1917 {#english} Each sentence on its own page, with its tree and pragmatics. A sentence that runs on into the next verse is listed under the verse it begins in. 1. [And they wrote in the name of king Ahasuerus, and sealed it with the king's ring, and sent letters by posts on horseback, riding on swift steeds that were used in the king's service, bred of the stud;](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/ketuvim/jps/EST.137/) **Hebrew text:** Westminster Leningrad Codex, public domain. **Tree, glosses and frames:** MACULA Hebrew Linguistic Datasets, available at [github.com/Clear-Bible/macula-hebrew](https://github.com/Clear-Bible/macula-hebrew/), [CC BY 4.0](https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/); converted to Universal Dependencies by Mova (words in text order, a prefix its own word). **Speech act:** Mova's rules on the MACULA words (`macula prag`). **Targum:** Onkelos (Torat Emet), Jonathan and the Writings (Mikraot Gedolot), from Sefaria, public domain. **English:** JPS 1917, public domain; trees and speech acts by Mova's cycle, frames by Mova's reader (Elamur Cosmic License). Hebrew sentence `wlc:EST:124`. - ← previous: [Esther 8:9](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/ketuvim/EST.8.9/) - next →: [Esther 8:11](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/ketuvim/EST.8.11/) - ↑ back to [Esther 8](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/ketuvim/EST/8/)