--- title: Esther 8:11 — that the king had granted the Jews that were in every city to gather… · Hebrew, tree and pragmatics description: that the king had granted the Jews that were in every city to gather themselves together, and to stand for their life, to destroy, and to slay, and to cause to perish, all the forces of the people and province that would assault them, their little ones and women, and to take the spoil of them for a --- [Mova](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) · [this page in HTML](https://mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/ketuvim/EST.8.11/) [home](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) / [corpora](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/) / [Tanakh](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/tanakh/) / [Ketuvim](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/ketuvim/) / [Esther](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/ketuvim/EST/) / [chapter 8](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/ketuvim/EST/8/) / 8:11 # Esther 8:11 אֶסְתֵּר **Who acts:** king, Jews, forces, people · **What happens:** grant, be, gather, stand, destroy, slay · **To what, where:** Jews, city, forces, spoil This is Esther 8:11 from Mova's open Bible corpus, the Tanakh in three languages (Ketuvim — the Writings). The page gives the verse in Hebrew as the Westminster Leningrad Codex has it, its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, built from MACULA Hebrew — and its pragmatics: who acts — king, Jews, forces, people — and what happens in the verse to Jews, city, forces, spoil, read clause by clause by Mova's frames. Beside it stand the Aramaic of the Targum and the English of the Jewish Publication Society's 1917 translation, each English sentence with a tree of its own. It is one of the 10 chapters of Esther on this site, all built by Mova itself from its own trees, with no large model in between. אֲשֶׁר֩ נָתַ֨ן הַמֶּ֜לֶךְ לַיְּהוּדִ֣ים ׀ אֲשֶׁ֣ר בְּכָל־עִיר־וָעִ֗יר לְהִקָּהֵל֮ וְלַעֲמֹ֣ד עַל־נַפְשָׁם֒ לְהַשְׁמִיד֩ וְלַהֲרֹ֨ג וּלְאַבֵּ֜ד אֶת־כָּל־חֵ֨יל עַ֧ם וּמְדִינָ֛ה הַצָּרִ֥ים אֹתָ֖ם טַ֣ף וְנָשִׁ֑ים וּשְׁלָלָ֖ם לָבֽוֹז׃ [that the king had granted the Jews that were in every city to gather themselves together, and to stand for their life, to destroy, and to slay, and to cause to perish, all the forces of the people and province that would assault them, their little ones and women, and to take the spoil of them for a prey,](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/ketuvim/jps/EST.138/) ## The tree {#tree} Right to left, as the Hebrew is read; a prefix or suffix is a word of its own, and a line under the words joins those written as one. Under each word its part of speech and MACULA's English gloss. ```conllu rtl gloss # sent_id = wlc:EST:125 # text = אֲשֶׁר֩ נָתַ֨ן הַמֶּ֜לֶךְ לַיְּהוּדִ֣ים ׀ אֲשֶׁ֣ר בְּכָל־עִיר־וָעִ֗יר לְהִקָּהֵל֮ וְלַעֲמֹ֣ד עַל־נַפְשָׁם֒ לְהַשְׁמִיד֩ וְלַהֲרֹ֨ג וּלְאַבֵּ֜ד אֶת־כָּל־חֵ֨יל עַ֧ם וּמְדִינָ֛ה הַצָּרִ֥ים אֹתָ֖ם טַ֣ף וְנָשִׁ֑ים וּשְׁלָלָ֖ם לָבֽוֹז׃ # verse = EST.8.11 1 אֲשֶׁר֩ אֲשֶׁר SCONJ _ _ 2 mark _ Gloss=(cmp)|Ref=EST_8:11!1|MId=o170080110011|Strong=0834|Type=relative 2 נָתַ֨ן נָתַן VERB _ Gender=Masc|HebBinyan=QAL|Number=Sing|Person=3 0 root _ Gloss=he.had.permitted|Ref=EST_8:11!2|MId=o170080110021|Strong=5414|Frame=A0:170080110032;|Type=qatal 3-4 הַמֶּ֜לֶךְ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 3 הַ הַ DET _ PronType=Art 4 det _ Gloss=the|Ref=EST_8:11!3|MId=o170080110031|Strong=1886a|Type=definite_article 4 מֶּ֜לֶךְ מֶלֶךְ NOUN _ Gender=Masc|Number=Sing 2 nsubj _ Gloss=king|Ref=EST_8:11!3|MId=o170080110032|Strong=4428 5-7 לַיְּהוּדִ֣ים _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 5 לַ לְ ADP _ _ 7 case _ Gloss=to|Ref=EST_8:11!4|MId=o170080110041|Strong=3807a 6 ה הַ DET _ PronType=Art 7 det _ Gloss=the|Ref=EST_8:11!4|MId=o170080110041ה|Strong=1886a|Type=definite_article 7 יְּהוּדִ֣ים יְהוּדִי NOUN _ Gender=Masc|Number=Plur 2 obl _ Gloss=Jews|Ref=EST_8:11!4|MId=o170080110042|Strong=3064|Type=gentilic 8 ׀ ׀ PUNCT _ _ 7 punct _ Ref=EST_8:11!4 9 אֲשֶׁ֣ר אֲשֶׁר SCONJ _ _ 11 mark _ Gloss=who|Ref=EST_8:11!5|MId=o170080110051|Strong=0834|Type=relative 10-11 בְּכָל־ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 10 בְּ בְּ ADP _ _ 11 case _ Gloss=[were].in|Ref=EST_8:11!6|MId=o170080110061|Strong=0871a 11 כָל־ כֹּל NOUN _ Gender=Masc|Number=Sing 7 acl:relcl _ Gloss=every|Ref=EST_8:11!6|MId=o170080110062|Strong=3605 12 עִיר־ עִיר NOUN _ Gender=Fem|Number=Sing 11 compound:smixut _ Gloss=city|Ref=EST_8:11!7|MId=o170080110071|Strong=5892|SpaceAfter=No 13-14 וָעִ֗יר _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 13 וָ וְ CCONJ _ _ 14 cc _ Gloss=and|Ref=EST_8:11!8|MId=o170080110081|Strong=2050b 14 עִ֗יר עִיר NOUN _ Gender=Fem|Number=Sing 12 conj _ Gloss=city|Ref=EST_8:11!8|MId=o170080110082|Strong=5892 15-16 לְהִקָּהֵל֮ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 15 לְ לְ ADP _ _ 16 case _ Gloss=to|Ref=EST_8:11!9|MId=o170080110091|Strong=3807a 16 הִקָּהֵל֮ קָהַל VERB _ HebBinyan=NIPHAL 2 xcomp _ Gloss=assemble|Ref=EST_8:11!9|MId=o170080110092|Strong=6950|Frame=A0:170080110043;|Type=infinitive_construct 17-19 וְלַעֲמֹ֣ד _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 17 וְ וְ CCONJ _ _ 19 cc _ Gloss=and|Ref=EST_8:11!10|MId=o170080110101|Strong=2050b 18 לַ לְ ADP _ _ 19 case _ Gloss=to|Ref=EST_8:11!10|MId=o170080110102|Strong=3807a 19 עֲמֹ֣ד עָמַד VERB _ HebBinyan=QAL 16 conj _ Gloss=make.a.stand|Ref=EST_8:11!10|MId=o170080110103|Strong=5975|Frame=A0:170080110043;|Type=infinitive_construct 20 עַל־ עַל ADP _ _ 21 case _ Gloss=on|Ref=EST_8:11!11|MId=o170080110111|Strong=5921|SpaceAfter=No 21-22 נַפְשָׁם֒ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 21 נַפְשׁ נֶפֶשׁ NOUN _ Number=Sing 19 obl _ Gloss=life|Ref=EST_8:11!12|MId=o170080110121|Strong=5315 22 ָם֒ הוּא PRON _ Gender=Masc|Number=Plur|Person=3|PronType=Prs 21 nmod:poss _ Gloss=their|Ref=EST_8:11!12|MId=o170080110122|Strong=3963a|Type=pronominal 23-24 לְהַשְׁמִיד֩ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 23 לְ לְ ADP _ _ 24 case _ Gloss=to|Ref=EST_8:11!13|MId=o170080110131|Strong=3807a 24 הַשְׁמִיד֩ שָׁמַד VERB _ HebBinyan=HIPHIL 2 xcomp _ Gloss=annihilate|Ref=EST_8:11!13|MId=o170080110132|Strong=8045|Frame=AA:170080110043;A0:170080110181;170080110231;170080110242;|Type=infinitive_construct 25-27 וְלַהֲרֹ֨ג _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 25 וְ וְ CCONJ _ _ 27 cc _ Gloss=and|Ref=EST_8:11!14|MId=o170080110141|Strong=2050b 26 לַ לְ ADP _ _ 27 case _ Gloss=to|Ref=EST_8:11!14|MId=o170080110142|Strong=3807a 27 הֲרֹ֨ג הָרַג VERB _ HebBinyan=QAL 24 conj _ Gloss=kill|Ref=EST_8:11!14|MId=o170080110143|Strong=2026|Frame=A0:170080110043;A1:170080110181;170080110231;170080110242;|Type=infinitive_construct 28-30 וּלְאַבֵּ֜ד _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 28 וּ וְ CCONJ _ _ 30 cc _ Gloss=and|Ref=EST_8:11!15|MId=o170080110151|Strong=2050b 29 לְ לְ ADP _ _ 30 case _ Gloss=to|Ref=EST_8:11!15|MId=o170080110152|Strong=3807a 30 אַבֵּ֜ד אָבַד VERB _ HebBinyan=PIEL 24 conj _ Gloss=destroy|Ref=EST_8:11!15|MId=o170080110153|Strong=0006|Frame=A0:170080110043;A1:170080110181;170080110231;170080110242;|Type=infinitive_construct 31 אֶת־ אֵת ADP _ _ 32 case _ Gloss=(et)|Ref=EST_8:11!16|MId=o170080110161|Strong=0853|Type=direct_object_marker|SpaceAfter=No 32 כָּל־ כֹּל NOUN _ Gender=Masc|Number=Sing 30 obj _ Gloss=every|Ref=EST_8:11!17|MId=o170080110171|Strong=3605|SpaceAfter=No 33 חֵ֨יל חַיִל NOUN _ Gender=Masc|Number=Sing 32 compound:smixut _ Gloss=army|Ref=EST_8:11!18|MId=o170080110181|Strong=2428 34 עַ֧ם עַם NOUN _ Gender=Masc|Number=Sing 33 compound:smixut _ Gloss=of.people|Ref=EST_8:11!19|MId=o170080110191|Strong=5971 35-36 וּמְדִינָ֛ה _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 35 וּ וְ CCONJ _ _ 36 cc _ Gloss=and|Ref=EST_8:11!20|MId=o170080110201|Strong=2050b 36 מְדִינָ֛ה מְדִינָה NOUN _ Gender=Fem|Number=Sing 34 conj _ Gloss=province|Ref=EST_8:11!20|MId=o170080110202|Strong=4082 37-38 הַצָּרִ֥ים _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 37 הַ הַ SCONJ _ _ 38 mark _ Gloss=[which].treats|Ref=EST_8:11!21|MId=o170080110211|Strong=1886a|Type=definite_article 38 צָּרִ֥ים צוּר VERB _ Gender=Masc|HebBinyan=QAL|Number=Plur 33 appos _ Gloss=as.a.foe|Ref=EST_8:11!21|MId=o170080110212|Strong=6696a|Frame=A0:170080110181;A1:170080110222;|Type=participle_active 39-40 אֹתָ֖ם _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 39 אֹת אֵת ADP _ _ 40 case _ Gloss=|Ref=EST_8:11!22|MId=o170080110221|Strong=0853|Type=direct_object_marker 40 ָ֖ם הוּא PRON _ Gender=Masc|Number=Plur|Person=3|PronType=Prs 38 obj _ Gloss=them|Ref=EST_8:11!22|MId=o170080110222|Strong=3963a|Type=pronominal 41 טַ֣ף טַף NOUN _ Gender=Masc|Number=Sing 32 conj _ Gloss=little.one[s]|Ref=EST_8:11!23|MId=o170080110231|Strong=2945 42-43 וְנָשִׁ֑ים _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 42 וְ וְ CCONJ _ _ 43 cc _ Gloss=and|Ref=EST_8:11!24|MId=o170080110241|Strong=2050b 43 נָשִׁ֑ים אִשָּׁה NOUN _ Gender=Fem|Number=Plur 32 conj _ Gloss=women|Ref=EST_8:11!24|MId=o170080110242|Strong=0802 44-46 וּשְׁלָלָ֖ם _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 44 וּ וְ CCONJ _ _ 48 cc _ Gloss=and|Ref=EST_8:11!25|MId=o170080110251|Strong=2050b 45 שְׁלָל שָׁלָל NOUN _ Gender=Masc|Number=Sing 48 obj _ Gloss=spoil|Ref=EST_8:11!25|MId=o170080110252|Strong=7998 46 ָ֖ם הוּא PRON _ Gender=Masc|Number=Plur|Person=3|PronType=Prs 45 nmod:poss _ Gloss=their|Ref=EST_8:11!25|MId=o170080110253|Strong=3963a|Type=pronominal 47-48 לָבֽוֹז _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 47 לָ לְ ADP _ _ 48 case _ Gloss=to|Ref=EST_8:11!26|MId=o170080110261|Strong=3807a 48 בֽוֹז בָּזַז VERB _ HebBinyan=QAL 24 conj _ Gloss=take.as.plunder|Ref=EST_8:11!26|MId=o170080110262|Strong=0962|Frame=A0:170080110043;A1:170080110252;|Type=infinitive_construct 49 ׃ ׃ PUNCT _ _ 48 punct _ Ref=EST_8:11!26 ``` ## Pragmatics {#pragmatics} - form: statement - act: assert - voice: narrator - speech: narration - negation: no | verb | form · stem | who (A0) | what, whom (A1) | to whom, further (A2) | who makes it happen (AA) | | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | | נָתַן *he had permitted* | qatal · qal | מֶּלֶךְ *king* | | | | | הִקָּהֵל *assemble* | infinitive construct · niphal | | | | | | עֲמֹד *make a stand* | infinitive construct · qal | | | | | | הַשְׁמִיד *annihilate* | infinitive construct · hiphil | חֵיל *army* + טַף *little one\[s\]* + נָשִׁים *women* | | | | | הֲרֹג *kill* | infinitive construct · qal | | חֵיל *army* + טַף *little one\[s\]* + נָשִׁים *women* | | | | אַבֵּד *destroy* | infinitive construct · piel | | חֵיל *army* + טַף *little one\[s\]* + נָשִׁים *women* | | | | צָּרִים *as a foe* | participle active · qal | חֵיל *army* | ָם *them* | | | | בֽוֹז *take as plunder* | infinitive construct · qal | | שְׁלָל *spoil* | | | MACULA's semantic frames: for each verb the head word of each participant. A0 is the one who acts, A1 what the act is done to or is about, A2 a further participant; AA, with a causative verb, the one who makes it happen. ## The Targum {#onkelos} דִיהַב מַלְכָּא לִיהוּדָאֵי לְסַיְעָא דִי בְּכָל קִרְוָא וְקִרְוָא לְאִתְכַּנְשָׁא וּלְקַיָמָא יַת נַפְשֵׁיהוֹן לְשֵׁיצָאָה וּלְקַטָלָא וּלְהוֹבָדָא יַת כָּל חֵילְוַת עַמָא וּפִלְכָא דִמְעִיקִין יַתְהוֹן טַפְלִין וּנְשִׁין וּשְׁלָלֵיהוֹן לְעַדָאָה: The Aramaic translation read beside the Hebrew. Text only: Mova has no Aramaic parser yet. ## English, JPS 1917 {#english} Each sentence on its own page, with its tree and pragmatics. A sentence that runs on into the next verse is listed under the verse it begins in. 1. [that the king had granted the Jews that were in every city to gather themselves together, and to stand for their life, to destroy, and to slay, and to cause to perish, all the forces of the people and province that would assault them, their little ones and women, and to take the spoil of them for a prey,](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/ketuvim/jps/EST.138/) **Hebrew text:** Westminster Leningrad Codex, public domain. **Tree, glosses and frames:** MACULA Hebrew Linguistic Datasets, available at [github.com/Clear-Bible/macula-hebrew](https://github.com/Clear-Bible/macula-hebrew/), [CC BY 4.0](https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/); converted to Universal Dependencies by Mova (words in text order, a prefix its own word). **Speech act:** Mova's rules on the MACULA words (`macula prag`). **Targum:** Onkelos (Torat Emet), Jonathan and the Writings (Mikraot Gedolot), from Sefaria, public domain. **English:** JPS 1917, public domain; trees and speech acts by Mova's cycle, frames by Mova's reader (Elamur Cosmic License). Hebrew sentence `wlc:EST:125`. - ← previous: [Esther 8:10](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/ketuvim/EST.8.10/) - next →: [Esther 8:12](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/ketuvim/EST.8.12/) - ↑ back to [Esther 8](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/ketuvim/EST/8/)