--- title: Esther 8:13 — The copy of the writing, to be given out for a decree in every provi… · Hebrew, tree and pragmatics description: The copy of the writing, to be given out for a decree in every province, was to be published unto all the peoples, and that the Jews should be ready against that day to avenge themselves on their enemies. Who acts: Jews. Esther 8:13 in Hebrew with its dependency tree, the Targum, JPS 1917 and the pr --- [Mova](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) · [this page in HTML](https://mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/ketuvim/EST.8.13/) [home](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) / [corpora](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/) / [Tanakh](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/tanakh/) / [Ketuvim](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/ketuvim/) / [Esther](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/ketuvim/EST/) / [chapter 8](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/ketuvim/EST/8/) / 8:13 # Esther 8:13 אֶסְתֵּר **Who acts:** Jews · **What happens:** give out, publish, be, avenge, copy · **To what, where:** copy, Jews, enemies, writing This is Esther 8:13 from Mova's open Bible corpus, the Tanakh in three languages (Ketuvim — the Writings). The page gives the verse in Hebrew as the Westminster Leningrad Codex has it, its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, built from MACULA Hebrew — and its pragmatics: who acts — Jews — and what happens in the verse to copy, Jews, enemies, writing, read clause by clause by Mova's frames. Beside it stand the Aramaic of the Targum and the English of the Jewish Publication Society's 1917 translation, each English sentence with a tree of its own. It is one of the 10 chapters of Esther on this site, all built by Mova itself from its own trees, with no large model in between. פַּתְשֶׁ֣גֶן הַכְּתָ֗ב לְהִנָּ֤תֵֽן דָּת֙ בְּכָל־מְדִינָ֣ה וּמְדִינָ֔ה גָּל֖וּי לְכָל־הָעַמִּ֑ים וְלִהְי֨וֹת הַיְּהוּדִ֤ים עֲתִידִים֙ לַיּ֣וֹם הַזֶּ֔ה לְהִנָּקֵ֖ם מֵאֹיְבֵיהֶֽם׃ [The copy of the writing, to be given out for a decree in every province, was to be published unto all the peoples, and that the Jews should be ready against that day to avenge themselves on their enemies.](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/ketuvim/jps/EST.140/) ## The tree {#tree} Right to left, as the Hebrew is read; a prefix or suffix is a word of its own, and a line under the words joins those written as one. Under each word its part of speech and MACULA's English gloss. ```conllu rtl gloss # sent_id = wlc:EST:127 # text = פַּתְשֶׁ֣גֶן הַכְּתָ֗ב לְהִנָּ֤תֵֽן דָּת֙ בְּכָל־מְדִינָ֣ה וּמְדִינָ֔ה גָּל֖וּי לְכָל־הָעַמִּ֑ים וְלִהְי֨וֹת הַיְּהוּדִ֤ים עֲתִידִים֙ לַיּ֣וֹם הַזֶּ֔ה לְהִנָּקֵ֖ם מֵאֹיְבֵיהֶֽם׃ # verse = EST.8.13 1 פַּתְשֶׁ֣גֶן פַּתְשֶׁגֶן NOUN _ Gender=Masc|Number=Sing 12 nsubj _ Gloss=(the).copy|Ref=EST_8:13!1|MId=o170080130011|Strong=6572 2-3 הַכְּתָ֗ב _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 2 הַ הַ DET _ PronType=Art 3 det _ Gloss=of|Ref=EST_8:13!2|MId=o170080130021|Strong=1886a|Type=definite_article 3 כְּתָ֗ב כְּתָב NOUN _ Gender=Masc|Number=Sing 1 compound:smixut _ Gloss=the.writing|Ref=EST_8:13!2|MId=o170080130022|Strong=3791 4-5 לְהִנָּ֤תֵֽן _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 4 לְ לְ ADP _ _ 5 case _ Gloss=[was].to|Ref=EST_8:13!3|MId=o170080130031|Strong=3807a 5 הִנָּ֤תֵֽן נָתַן VERB _ HebBinyan=NIPHAL 12 advcl _ Gloss=be.given|Ref=EST_8:13!3|MId=o170080130032|Strong=5414|Frame=A1:170080130041;|Type=infinitive_construct 6 דָּת֙ דָּת NOUN _ Gender=Fem|Number=Sing 5 nsubj _ Gloss=law|Ref=EST_8:13!4|MId=o170080130041|Strong=1881 7-8 בְּכָל־ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 7 בְּ בְּ ADP _ _ 8 case _ Gloss=in|Ref=EST_8:13!5|MId=o170080130051|Strong=0871a 8 כָל־ כֹּל NOUN _ Gender=Masc|Number=Sing 5 obl _ Gloss=every|Ref=EST_8:13!5|MId=o170080130052|Strong=3605 9 מְדִינָ֣ה מְדִינָה NOUN _ Gender=Fem|Number=Sing 8 compound:smixut _ Gloss=province|Ref=EST_8:13!6|MId=o170080130061|Strong=4082 10-11 וּמְדִינָ֔ה _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 10 וּ וְ CCONJ _ _ 11 cc _ Gloss=and|Ref=EST_8:13!7|MId=o170080130071|Strong=2050b 11 מְדִינָ֔ה מְדִינָה NOUN _ Gender=Fem|Number=Sing 9 conj _ Gloss=province|Ref=EST_8:13!7|MId=o170080130072|Strong=4082 12 גָּל֖וּי גָּלָה VERB _ Gender=Masc|HebBinyan=QAL|Number=Sing 0 root _ Gloss=displayed|Ref=EST_8:13!8|MId=o170080130081|Strong=1540|Frame=A1:170080130011;|Type=participle_passive 13-14 לְכָל־ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 13 לְ לְ ADP _ _ 14 case _ Gloss=to|Ref=EST_8:13!9|MId=o170080130091|Strong=3807a 14 כָל־ כֹּל NOUN _ Gender=Masc|Number=Sing 12 obl _ Gloss=all|Ref=EST_8:13!9|MId=o170080130092|Strong=3605 15-16 הָעַמִּ֑ים _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 15 הָ הַ DET _ PronType=Art 16 det _ Gloss=the|Ref=EST_8:13!10|MId=o170080130101|Strong=1886a|Type=definite_article 16 עַמִּ֑ים עַם NOUN _ Gender=Masc|Number=Plur 14 compound:smixut _ Gloss=peoples|Ref=EST_8:13!10|MId=o170080130102|Strong=5971 17-19 וְלִהְי֨וֹת _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 17 וְ וְ CCONJ _ _ 22 cc _ Gloss=and|Ref=EST_8:13!11|MId=o170080130111|Strong=2050b 18 לִ לְ ADP _ _ 22 case _ Gloss=to|Ref=EST_8:13!11|MId=o170080130112|Strong=3807a 19 הְי֨וֹת הָיָה AUX _ HebBinyan=QAL 22 cop _ Gloss=be|Ref=EST_8:13!11|MId=o170080130113|Strong=1961|Frame=A0:170080130132;|Type=infinitive_construct 20-21 הַיְּהוּדִ֤ים _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 20 הַ הַ DET _ PronType=Art 21 det _ Gloss=the|Ref=EST_8:13!13|MId=o170080130131|Strong=1886a|Type=definite_article 21 יְּהוּדִ֤ים יְהוּדִי NOUN _ Gender=Masc|Number=Plur 22 nsubj _ Gloss=Jews|Ref=EST_8:13!13|MId=o170080130132|Strong=3064|Type=gentilic 22 עֲתִידִים֙ עָתִיד ADJ _ Gender=Masc|Number=Plur 12 conj _ Gloss=ready|Ref=EST_8:13!15|MId=o170080130151|Strong=6264|Type=adjective 23-25 לַיּ֣וֹם _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 23 לַ לְ ADP _ _ 25 case _ Gloss=for|Ref=EST_8:13!16|MId=o170080130161|Strong=3807a 24 ה הַ DET _ PronType=Art 25 det _ Gloss=the|Ref=EST_8:13!16|MId=o170080130161ה|Strong=1886a|Type=definite_article 25 יּ֣וֹם יוֹם NOUN _ Gender=Masc|Number=Sing 22 obl _ Gloss=day|Ref=EST_8:13!16|MId=o170080130162|Strong=3117 26-27 הַזֶּ֔ה _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 26 הַ הַ DET _ PronType=Art 27 det _ Gloss=(the)|Ref=EST_8:13!17|MId=o170080130171|Strong=1886a|Type=definite_article 27 זֶּ֔ה זֶה DET _ Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|PronType=Dem 25 det _ Gloss=this|Ref=EST_8:13!17|MId=o170080130172|Strong=2088|Type=demonstrative 28-29 לְהִנָּקֵ֖ם _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 28 לְ לְ ADP _ _ 29 case _ Gloss=to|Ref=EST_8:13!18|MId=o170080130181|Strong=3807a 29 הִנָּקֵ֖ם נָקַם VERB _ HebBinyan=NIPHAL 22 advcl _ Gloss=avenge.themselves|Ref=EST_8:13!18|MId=o170080130182|Strong=5358|Frame=A0:170080130132;|Type=infinitive_construct 30-32 מֵאֹיְבֵיהֶֽם _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 30 מֵ מִן ADP _ _ 31 case _ Gloss=from|Ref=EST_8:13!19|MId=o170080130191|Strong=4480 31 אֹיְבֵי אָיַב NOUN _ Gender=Masc|HebBinyan=QAL|Number=Plur 29 obl _ Gloss=enemies|Ref=EST_8:13!19|MId=o170080130192|Strong=0341|Type=participle_active 32 הֶֽם הוּא PRON _ Gender=Masc|Number=Plur|Person=3|PronType=Prs 31 nmod:poss _ Gloss=their|Ref=EST_8:13!19|MId=o170080130193|Strong=3963a|Type=pronominal 33 ׃ ׃ PUNCT _ _ 32 punct _ Ref=EST_8:13!19 ``` ## Pragmatics {#pragmatics} - form: statement - act: assert - voice: narrator - speech: narration - negation: no | verb | form · stem | who (A0) | what, whom (A1) | to whom, further (A2) | who makes it happen (AA) | | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | | הִנָּתֵֽן *be given* | infinitive construct · niphal | | דָּת *law* | | | | גָּלוּי *displayed* | participle passive · qal | | פַּתְשֶׁגֶן *(the) copy* | | | | הְיוֹת *be* | infinitive construct · qal | יְּהוּדִים *Jews* | | | | | הִנָּקֵם *avenge themselves* | infinitive construct · niphal | יְּהוּדִים *Jews* | | | | MACULA's semantic frames: for each verb the head word of each participant. A0 is the one who acts, A1 what the act is done to or is about, A2 a further participant; AA, with a causative verb, the one who makes it happen. ## The Targum {#onkelos} דִיטַגְמָא דִכְתָבָא לְאִתְיְהָבָא גְזֵרַת דִינָא בְּכָל פִּלְכָא וּפִלְכָא בָרִיר לְכָל עַמְמַיָא דִיהוֹן יְהוּדָאֵי אַטְמוֹסִין לְיוֹמָא הָדֵין לְאִתְפְּרַע מִבַּעֲלֵי דְבָבֵיהוֹן: The Aramaic translation read beside the Hebrew. Text only: Mova has no Aramaic parser yet. ## English, JPS 1917 {#english} Each sentence on its own page, with its tree and pragmatics. A sentence that runs on into the next verse is listed under the verse it begins in. 1. [The copy of the writing, to be given out for a decree in every province, was to be published unto all the peoples, and that the Jews should be ready against that day to avenge themselves on their enemies.](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/ketuvim/jps/EST.140/) **Hebrew text:** Westminster Leningrad Codex, public domain. **Tree, glosses and frames:** MACULA Hebrew Linguistic Datasets, available at [github.com/Clear-Bible/macula-hebrew](https://github.com/Clear-Bible/macula-hebrew/), [CC BY 4.0](https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/); converted to Universal Dependencies by Mova (words in text order, a prefix its own word). **Speech act:** Mova's rules on the MACULA words (`macula prag`). **Targum:** Onkelos (Torat Emet), Jonathan and the Writings (Mikraot Gedolot), from Sefaria, public domain. **English:** JPS 1917, public domain; trees and speech acts by Mova's cycle, frames by Mova's reader (Elamur Cosmic License). Hebrew sentence `wlc:EST:127`. - ← previous: [Esther 8:12](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/ketuvim/EST.8.12/) - next →: [Esther 8:14](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/ketuvim/EST.8.14/) - ↑ back to [Esther 8](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/ketuvim/EST/8/)