--- title: Esther 8:14 — So the posts that rode upon swift steeds that were used in the king'… · Hebrew, tree and pragmatics description: So the posts that rode upon swift steeds that were used in the king's service went out, being hastened and pressed on by the king's commandment; and the decree was given out in Shushan the castle. Who acts: posts, king. Esther 8:14 in Hebrew with its dependency tree, the Targum, JPS 1917 and the pra --- [Mova](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) · [this page in HTML](https://mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/ketuvim/EST.8.14/) [home](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) / [corpora](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/) / [Tanakh](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/tanakh/) / [Ketuvim](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/ketuvim/) / [Esther](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/ketuvim/EST/) / [chapter 8](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/ketuvim/EST/8/) / 8:14 # Esther 8:14 אֶסְתֵּר **Who acts:** posts, king · **What happens:** ride, use, go out, hasten, press on, give out · **To what, where:** swift steeds, service, decree, Shushan · **Speech:** someone speaks in this verse This is Esther 8:14 from Mova's open Bible corpus, the Tanakh in three languages (Ketuvim — the Writings). The page gives the verse in Hebrew as the Westminster Leningrad Codex has it, its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, built from MACULA Hebrew — and its pragmatics: who acts — posts, king — and what happens in the verse to swift steeds, service, decree, Shushan, read clause by clause by Mova's frames. Beside it stand the Aramaic of the Targum and the English of the Jewish Publication Society's 1917 translation, each English sentence with a tree of its own. It is one of the 10 chapters of Esther on this site, all built by Mova itself from its own trees, with no large model in between. הָרָצִ֞ים רֹכְבֵ֤י הָרֶ֙כֶשׁ֙ הָֽאֲחַשְׁתְּרָנִ֔ים יָֽצְא֛וּ מְבֹהָלִ֥ים וּדְחוּפִ֖ים בִּדְבַ֣ר הַמֶּ֑לֶךְ וְהַדָּ֥ת נִתְּנָ֖ה בְּשׁוּשַׁ֥ן הַבִּירָֽה׃פ [So the posts that rode upon swift steeds that were used in the king's service went out, being hastened and pressed on by the king's commandment; and the decree was given out in Shushan the castle.](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/ketuvim/jps/EST.141/) ## The tree {#tree} Right to left, as the Hebrew is read; a prefix or suffix is a word of its own, and a line under the words joins those written as one. Under each word its part of speech and MACULA's English gloss. ```conllu rtl gloss # sent_id = wlc:EST:128 # text = הָרָצִ֞ים רֹכְבֵ֤י הָרֶ֙כֶשׁ֙ הָֽאֲחַשְׁתְּרָנִ֔ים יָֽצְא֛וּ מְבֹהָלִ֥ים וּדְחוּפִ֖ים בִּדְבַ֣ר הַמֶּ֑לֶךְ וְהַדָּ֥ת נִתְּנָ֖ה בְּשׁוּשַׁ֥ן הַבִּירָֽה׃פ # verse = EST.8.14 1-2 הָרָצִ֞ים _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 1 הָ הַ SCONJ _ _ 2 mark _ Gloss=the|Ref=EST_8:14!1|MId=o170080140011|Strong=1886a|Type=definite_article 2 רָצִ֞ים רוּץ VERB _ Gender=Masc|HebBinyan=QAL|Number=Plur 8 nsubj _ Gloss=runners|Ref=EST_8:14!1|MId=o170080140012|Strong=7323|Type=participle_active 3 רֹכְבֵ֤י רָכַב VERB _ Gender=Masc|HebBinyan=QAL|Number=Plur 2 appos _ Gloss=[who].rode|Ref=EST_8:14!2|MId=o170080140021|Strong=7392|Frame=A0:170080140012;A1:170080140032;|Type=participle_active 4-5 הָרֶ֙כֶשׁ֙ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 4 הָ הַ DET _ PronType=Art 5 det _ Gloss=of|Ref=EST_8:14!3|MId=o170080140031|Strong=1886a|Type=definite_article 5 רֶ֙כֶשׁ֙ רֶכֶשׁ NOUN _ Gender=Masc|Number=Sing 3 compound:smixut _ Gloss=the.steed[s]|Ref=EST_8:14!3|MId=o170080140032|Strong=7409 6-7 הָֽאֲחַשְׁתְּרָנִ֔ים _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 6 הָֽ הַ DET _ PronType=Art 7 det _ Gloss=(the)|Ref=EST_8:14!4|MId=o170080140041|Strong=1886a|Type=definite_article 7 אֲחַשְׁתְּרָנִ֔ים אֲחַשְׁתְּרָן ADJ _ Gender=Masc|Number=Plur 5 appos _ Gloss=royal|Ref=EST_8:14!4|MId=o170080140042|Strong=0327|Type=adjective 8 יָֽצְא֛וּ יָצָא VERB _ Gender=Com|HebBinyan=QAL|Number=Plur|Person=3 0 root _ Gloss=they.went.out|Ref=EST_8:14!5|MId=o170080140051|Strong=3318|Frame=A0:170080140012;|Type=qatal 9 מְבֹהָלִ֥ים בָּהַל VERB _ Gender=Masc|HebBinyan=PUAL|Number=Plur 8 advcl _ Gloss=hastened|Ref=EST_8:14!6|MId=o170080140061|Strong=0926|Frame=A1:170080140012;|Type=participle_passive 10-11 וּדְחוּפִ֖ים _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 10 וּ וְ CCONJ _ _ 11 cc _ Gloss=and|Ref=EST_8:14!7|MId=o170080140071|Strong=2050b 11 דְחוּפִ֖ים דָּחַף VERB _ Gender=Masc|HebBinyan=QAL|Number=Plur 9 conj _ Gloss=hurried|Ref=EST_8:14!7|MId=o170080140072|Strong=1765|Frame=A1:170080140012;|Type=participle_passive 12-13 בִּדְבַ֣ר _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 12 בִּ בְּ ADP _ _ 13 case _ Gloss=at|Ref=EST_8:14!8|MId=o170080140081|Strong=0871a 13 דְבַ֣ר דָּבָר NOUN _ Gender=Masc|Number=Sing 9 obl _ Gloss=the.word|Ref=EST_8:14!8|MId=o170080140082|Strong=1697 14-15 הַמֶּ֑לֶךְ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 14 הַ הַ DET _ PronType=Art 15 det _ Gloss=of|Ref=EST_8:14!9|MId=o170080140091|Strong=1886a|Type=definite_article 15 מֶּ֑לֶךְ מֶלֶךְ NOUN _ Gender=Masc|Number=Sing 13 compound:smixut _ Gloss=the.king|Ref=EST_8:14!9|MId=o170080140092|Strong=4428 16-18 וְהַדָּ֥ת _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 16 וְ וְ CCONJ _ _ 19 cc _ Gloss=and|Ref=EST_8:14!10|MId=o170080140101|Strong=2050b 17 הַ הַ DET _ PronType=Art 18 det _ Gloss=the|Ref=EST_8:14!10|MId=o170080140102|Strong=1886a|Type=definite_article 18 דָּ֥ת דָּת NOUN _ Gender=Fem|Number=Sing 19 nsubj _ Gloss=law|Ref=EST_8:14!10|MId=o170080140103|Strong=1881 19 נִתְּנָ֖ה נָתַן VERB _ Gender=Fem|HebBinyan=NIPHAL|Number=Sing|Person=3 8 conj _ Gloss=it.was.given|Ref=EST_8:14!11|MId=o170080140111|Strong=5414|Frame=A1:170080140103;|Type=qatal 20-21 בְּשׁוּשַׁ֥ן _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 20 בְּ בְּ ADP _ _ 21 case _ Gloss=in|Ref=EST_8:14!12|MId=o170080140121|Strong=0871a 21 שׁוּשַׁ֥ן שׁוּשַׁן PROPN _ _ 19 obl _ Gloss=Susa|Ref=EST_8:14!12|MId=o170080140122|Strong=7800 22-23 הַבִּירָֽה _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 22 הַ הַ DET _ PronType=Art 23 det _ Gloss=the|Ref=EST_8:14!13|MId=o170080140131|Strong=1886a|Type=definite_article 23 בִּירָֽה בִּירָה NOUN _ Gender=Fem|Number=Sing 21 appos _ Gloss=citadel|Ref=EST_8:14!13|MId=o170080140132|Strong=1002 24 ׃ ׃ PUNCT _ _ 23 punct _ Ref=EST_8:14!13|SpaceAfter=No 25 פ פ PUNCT _ _ 23 punct _ Ref=EST_8:14!13 ``` ## Pragmatics {#pragmatics} - form: statement - act: assert - voice: narrator - speech: narration - negation: no | verb | form · stem | who (A0) | what, whom (A1) | to whom, further (A2) | who makes it happen (AA) | | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | | רֹכְבֵי *\[who\] rode* | participle active · qal | רָצִים *runners* | רֶכֶשׁ *the steed\[s\]* | | | | יָֽצְאוּ *they went out* | qatal · qal | רָצִים *runners* | | | | | מְבֹהָלִים *hastened* | participle passive · pual | | רָצִים *runners* | | | | דְחוּפִים *hurried* | participle passive · qal | | רָצִים *runners* | | | | נִתְּנָה *it was given* | qatal · niphal | | דָּת *law* | | | MACULA's semantic frames: for each verb the head word of each participant. A0 is the one who acts, A1 what the act is done to or is about, A2 a further participant; AA, with a causative verb, the one who makes it happen. ## The Targum {#onkelos} רַהִטָנִין דִרְכִיבִין עַל רִכְסָא עַרְטוּלְיָנֵי נְפָקוּ זְרִיזִין וּסְחִיפִין בְּפִתְגָמָא דְמַלְכָּא וּגְזֵירַת דִינָא אִתְיְהִיבַת בְּשׁוּשַׁן בִּירַנְתָּא: The Aramaic translation read beside the Hebrew. Text only: Mova has no Aramaic parser yet. ## English, JPS 1917 {#english} Each sentence on its own page, with its tree and pragmatics. A sentence that runs on into the next verse is listed under the verse it begins in. 1. [So the posts that rode upon swift steeds that were used in the king's service went out, being hastened and pressed on by the king's commandment; and the decree was given out in Shushan the castle.](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/ketuvim/jps/EST.141/) **Hebrew text:** Westminster Leningrad Codex, public domain. **Tree, glosses and frames:** MACULA Hebrew Linguistic Datasets, available at [github.com/Clear-Bible/macula-hebrew](https://github.com/Clear-Bible/macula-hebrew/), [CC BY 4.0](https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/); converted to Universal Dependencies by Mova (words in text order, a prefix its own word). **Speech act:** Mova's rules on the MACULA words (`macula prag`). **Targum:** Onkelos (Torat Emet), Jonathan and the Writings (Mikraot Gedolot), from Sefaria, public domain. **English:** JPS 1917, public domain; trees and speech acts by Mova's cycle, frames by Mova's reader (Elamur Cosmic License). Hebrew sentence `wlc:EST:128`. - ← previous: [Esther 8:13](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/ketuvim/EST.8.13/) - next →: [Esther 8:15](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/ketuvim/EST.8.15/) - ↑ back to [Esther 8](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/ketuvim/EST/8/)