--- title: Esther 8:17 — And in every province, and in every city, whithersoever the king's c… · Hebrew, tree and pragmatics description: And in every province, and in every city, whithersoever the king's commandment and his decree came, the Jews had gladness and joy, a feast and a good day. And many from among the peoples of the land became Jews; for the fear of the Jews was fallen upon them. Who acts: commandment, Jews, king, many. --- [Mova](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) · [this page in HTML](https://mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/ketuvim/EST.8.17/) [home](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) / [corpora](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/) / [Tanakh](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/tanakh/) / [Ketuvim](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/ketuvim/) / [Esther](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/ketuvim/EST/) / [chapter 8](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/ketuvim/EST/8/) / 8:17 # Esther 8:17 אֶסְתֵּר **Who acts:** commandment, Jews, king, many · **What happens:** come, have, command, decree, become, fall · **To what, where:** gladness, province, fear, Jews · **Speech:** someone speaks in this verse This is Esther 8:17 from Mova's open Bible corpus, the Tanakh in three languages (Ketuvim — the Writings). The page gives the verse in Hebrew as the Westminster Leningrad Codex has it, its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, built from MACULA Hebrew — and its pragmatics: who acts — commandment, Jews, king, many — and what happens in the verse to gladness, province, fear, Jews, read clause by clause by Mova's frames. Beside it stand the Aramaic of the Targum and the English of the Jewish Publication Society's 1917 translation, each English sentence with a tree of its own. It is one of the 10 chapters of Esther on this site, all built by Mova itself from its own trees, with no large model in between. וּבְכָל־מְדִינָ֨ה וּמְדִינָ֜ה וּבְכָל־עִ֣יר וָעִ֗יר מְקוֹם֙ אֲשֶׁ֨ר דְּבַר־הַמֶּ֤לֶךְ וְדָתוֹ֙ מַגִּ֔יעַ שִׂמְחָ֤ה וְשָׂשׂוֹן֙ לַיְּהוּדִ֔ים מִשְׁתֶּ֖ה וְי֣וֹם ט֑וֹב וְרַבִּ֞ים מֵֽעַמֵּ֤י הָאָ֙רֶץ֙ מִֽתְיַהֲדִ֔ים כִּֽי־נָפַ֥ל פַּֽחַד־הַיְּהוּדִ֖ים עֲלֵיהֶֽם׃ [And in every province, and in every city, whithersoever the king's commandment and his decree came, the Jews had gladness and joy, a feast and a good day.](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/ketuvim/jps/EST.144/) [And many from among the peoples of the land became Jews; for the fear of the Jews was fallen upon them.](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/ketuvim/jps/EST.145/) ## The tree {#tree} Right to left, as the Hebrew is read; a prefix or suffix is a word of its own, and a line under the words joins those written as one. Under each word its part of speech and MACULA's English gloss. ```conllu rtl gloss # sent_id = wlc:EST:131 # text = וּבְכָל־מְדִינָ֨ה וּמְדִינָ֜ה וּבְכָל־עִ֣יר וָעִ֗יר מְקוֹם֙ אֲשֶׁ֨ר דְּבַר־הַמֶּ֤לֶךְ וְדָתוֹ֙ מַגִּ֔יעַ שִׂמְחָ֤ה וְשָׂשׂוֹן֙ לַיְּהוּדִ֔ים מִשְׁתֶּ֖ה וְי֣וֹם ט֑וֹב וְרַבִּ֞ים מֵֽעַמֵּ֤י הָאָ֙רֶץ֙ מִֽתְיַהֲדִ֔ים כִּֽי־נָפַ֥ל פַּֽחַד־הַיְּהוּדִ֖ים עֲלֵיהֶֽם׃ # verse = EST.8.17 1-3 וּבְכָל־ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 1 וּ וְ CCONJ _ _ 27 cc _ Gloss=and|Ref=EST_8:17!1|MId=o170080170011|Strong=2050b 2 בְ בְּ ADP _ _ 3 case _ Gloss=in|Ref=EST_8:17!1|MId=o170080170012|Strong=0871a 3 כָל־ כֹּל NOUN _ Gender=Masc|Number=Sing 27 obl _ Gloss=every|Ref=EST_8:17!1|MId=o170080170013|Strong=3605 4 מְדִינָ֨ה מְדִינָה NOUN _ Gender=Fem|Number=Sing 3 compound:smixut _ Gloss=province|Ref=EST_8:17!2|MId=o170080170021|Strong=4082 5-6 וּמְדִינָ֜ה _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 5 וּ וְ CCONJ _ _ 6 cc _ Gloss=and|Ref=EST_8:17!3|MId=o170080170031|Strong=2050b 6 מְדִינָ֜ה מְדִינָה NOUN _ Gender=Fem|Number=Sing 4 conj _ Gloss=province|Ref=EST_8:17!3|MId=o170080170032|Strong=4082 7-9 וּבְכָל־ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 7 וּ וְ CCONJ _ _ 9 cc _ Gloss=and|Ref=EST_8:17!4|MId=o170080170041|Strong=2050b 8 בְ בְּ ADP _ _ 9 case _ Gloss=in|Ref=EST_8:17!4|MId=o170080170042|Strong=0871a 9 כָל־ כֹּל NOUN _ Gender=Masc|Number=Sing 3 conj _ Gloss=every|Ref=EST_8:17!4|MId=o170080170043|Strong=3605 10 עִ֣יר עִיר NOUN _ Gender=Fem|Number=Sing 9 compound:smixut _ Gloss=city|Ref=EST_8:17!5|MId=o170080170051|Strong=5892 11-12 וָעִ֗יר _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 11 וָ וְ CCONJ _ _ 12 cc _ Gloss=and|Ref=EST_8:17!6|MId=o170080170061|Strong=2050b 12 עִ֗יר עִיר NOUN _ Gender=Fem|Number=Sing 10 conj _ Gloss=city|Ref=EST_8:17!6|MId=o170080170062|Strong=5892 13 מְקוֹם֙ מָקוֹם NOUN _ Gender=Masc|Number=Sing 9 appos _ Gloss=the.place|Ref=EST_8:17!7|MId=o170080170071|Strong=4725 14 אֲשֶׁ֨ר אֲשֶׁר SCONJ _ _ 21 mark _ Gloss=(of).where|Ref=EST_8:17!8|MId=o170080170081|Strong=0834|Type=relative 15 דְּבַר־ דָּבָר NOUN _ Gender=Masc|Number=Sing 21 nsubj _ Gloss=the.word|Ref=EST_8:17!9|MId=o170080170091|Strong=1697|SpaceAfter=No 16-17 הַמֶּ֤לֶךְ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 16 הַ הַ DET _ PronType=Art 17 det _ Gloss=of|Ref=EST_8:17!10|MId=o170080170101|Strong=1886a|Type=definite_article 17 מֶּ֤לֶךְ מֶלֶךְ NOUN _ Gender=Masc|Number=Sing 15 compound:smixut _ Gloss=the.king|Ref=EST_8:17!10|MId=o170080170102|Strong=4428 18-20 וְדָתוֹ֙ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 18 וְ וְ CCONJ _ _ 19 cc _ Gloss=and|Ref=EST_8:17!11|MId=o170080170111|Strong=2050b 19 דָת דָּת NOUN _ Gender=Fem|Number=Sing 15 conj _ Gloss=law|Ref=EST_8:17!11|MId=o170080170112|Strong=1881 20 וֹ֙ הוּא PRON _ Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs 19 nmod:poss _ Gloss=his|Ref=EST_8:17!11|MId=o170080170113|Strong=2050c|Type=pronominal 21 מַגִּ֔יעַ נָגַע VERB _ Gender=Masc|HebBinyan=HIPHIL|Number=Sing 13 acl:relcl _ Gloss=[was].reaching|Ref=EST_8:17!12|MId=o170080170121|Strong=5060|Frame=AA:170080170091;170080170112;A0:170080170071;|Type=participle_active 22 שִׂמְחָ֤ה שִׂמְחָה NOUN _ Gender=Fem|Number=Sing 27 nsubj _ Gloss=gladness|Ref=EST_8:17!13|MId=o170080170131|Strong=8057 23-24 וְשָׂשׂוֹן֙ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 23 וְ וְ CCONJ _ _ 24 cc _ Gloss=and|Ref=EST_8:17!14|MId=o170080170141|Strong=2050b 24 שָׂשׂוֹן֙ שָׂשׂוֹן NOUN _ Gender=Masc|Number=Sing 22 conj _ Gloss=joy|Ref=EST_8:17!14|MId=o170080170142|Strong=8342 25-27 לַיְּהוּדִ֔ים _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 25 לַ לְ ADP _ _ 27 case _ Gloss=[belonged].to|Ref=EST_8:17!15|MId=o170080170151|Strong=3807a 26 ה הַ DET _ PronType=Art 27 det _ Gloss=the|Ref=EST_8:17!15|MId=o170080170151ה|Strong=1886a|Type=definite_article 27 יְּהוּדִ֔ים יְהוּדִי NOUN _ Gender=Masc|Number=Plur 0 root _ Gloss=Jews|Ref=EST_8:17!15|MId=o170080170152|Strong=3064|Type=gentilic 28 מִשְׁתֶּ֖ה מִשְׁתֶּה NOUN _ Gender=Masc|Number=Sing 27 parataxis _ Gloss=a.feast|Ref=EST_8:17!16|MId=o170080170161|Strong=4960 29-30 וְי֣וֹם _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 29 וְ וְ CCONJ _ _ 30 cc _ Gloss=and|Ref=EST_8:17!17|MId=o170080170171|Strong=2050b 30 י֣וֹם יוֹם NOUN _ Gender=Masc|Number=Sing 28 conj _ Gloss=a.day|Ref=EST_8:17!17|MId=o170080170172|Strong=3117 31 ט֑וֹב טוֹב ADJ _ Gender=Masc|Number=Sing 30 amod _ Gloss=good|Ref=EST_8:17!18|MId=o170080170181|Strong=2896|Type=adjective 32-33 וְרַבִּ֞ים _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 32 וְ וְ CCONJ _ _ 38 cc _ Gloss=and|Ref=EST_8:17!19|MId=o170080170191|Strong=2050b 33 רַבִּ֞ים רַב ADJ _ Gender=Masc|Number=Plur 38 nsubj _ Gloss=many|Ref=EST_8:17!19|MId=o170080170192|Strong=7227|Type=adjective 34-35 מֵֽעַמֵּ֤י _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 34 מֵֽ מִן ADP _ _ 35 case _ Gloss=of|Ref=EST_8:17!20|MId=o170080170201|Strong=4480 35 עַמֵּ֤י עַם NOUN _ Gender=Masc|Number=Plur 33 nmod _ Gloss=the.peoples|Ref=EST_8:17!20|MId=o170080170202|Strong=5971 36-37 הָאָ֙רֶץ֙ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 36 הָ הַ DET _ PronType=Art 37 det _ Gloss=of|Ref=EST_8:17!21|MId=o170080170211|Strong=1886a|Type=definite_article 37 אָ֙רֶץ֙ אֶרֶץ NOUN _ Number=Sing 35 compound:smixut _ Gloss=the.land|Ref=EST_8:17!21|MId=o170080170212|Strong=0776 38 מִֽתְיַהֲדִ֔ים יָהַד VERB _ Gender=Masc|HebBinyan=HITHPAEL|Number=Plur 27 conj _ Gloss=[were].becoming.Jews|Ref=EST_8:17!22|MId=o170080170221|Strong=3054|Frame=A0:170080170192;|Type=participle_active 39 כִּֽי־ כִּי SCONJ _ _ 40 mark _ Gloss=(dm)|Ref=EST_8:17!23|MId=o170080170231|Strong=3588|SpaceAfter=No 40 נָפַ֥ל נָפַל VERB _ Gender=Masc|HebBinyan=QAL|Number=Sing|Person=3 27 advcl _ Gloss=it.had.fallen|Ref=EST_8:17!24|MId=o170080170241|Strong=5307|Frame=A0:170080170251;|Type=qatal 41 פַּֽחַד־ פַּחַד NOUN _ Gender=Masc|Number=Sing 40 nsubj _ Gloss=dread|Ref=EST_8:17!25|MId=o170080170251|Strong=6343|SpaceAfter=No 42-43 הַיְּהוּדִ֖ים _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 42 הַ הַ DET _ PronType=Art 43 det _ Gloss=of|Ref=EST_8:17!26|MId=o170080170261|Strong=1886a|Type=definite_article 43 יְּהוּדִ֖ים יְהוּדִי NOUN _ Gender=Masc|Number=Plur 41 compound:smixut _ Gloss=the.Jews|Ref=EST_8:17!26|MId=o170080170262|Strong=3064|Type=gentilic 44-45 עֲלֵיהֶֽם _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 44 עֲלֵי עַל ADP _ _ 45 case _ Gloss=on|Ref=EST_8:17!27|MId=o170080170271|Strong=5921 45 הֶֽם הוּא PRON _ Gender=Masc|Number=Plur|Person=3|PronType=Prs 40 obl _ Gloss=them|Ref=EST_8:17!27|MId=o170080170272|Strong=3963a|Type=pronominal 46 ׃ ׃ PUNCT _ _ 45 punct _ Ref=EST_8:17!27 ``` ## Pragmatics {#pragmatics} - form: statement - act: assert - voice: narrator - speech: narration - negation: no | verb | form · stem | who (A0) | what, whom (A1) | to whom, further (A2) | who makes it happen (AA) | | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | | מַגִּיעַ *\[was\] reaching* | participle active · hiphil | מְקוֹם *the place* | | | דְּבַר־ *the word* + דָת *law* | | מִֽתְיַהֲדִים *\[were\] becoming Jews* | participle active · hithpael | רַבִּים *many* | | | | | נָפַל *it had fallen* | qatal · qal | פַּֽחַד־ *dread* | | | | MACULA's semantic frames: for each verb the head word of each participant. A0 is the one who acts, A1 what the act is done to or is about, A2 a further participant; AA, with a causative verb, the one who makes it happen. ## The Targum {#onkelos} וּבְכָל פִּילְכָא וּפִילְכָא וּבְכָל קִרְוָא וְקִרְוָא אֲתַר דִי פִּתְגָם מַלְכָּא וּגְזֵירַת דִינֵיהּ מְטֵי חֶדְוַת וּבְדִיחַת לִבָּא לִיהוּדָאִין וּמִשְׁתַּיָא וְיוֹמָא טָבָא וְסַגִיאִין מֵעַמָא דְאַרְעָא מִתְגַיְירִין אֲרוּם נְפַל פַּחְדָא דִיהוּדָאֵי עֲלַוֵיהוֹן: The Aramaic translation read beside the Hebrew. Text only: Mova has no Aramaic parser yet. ## English, JPS 1917 {#english} Each sentence on its own page, with its tree and pragmatics. A sentence that runs on into the next verse is listed under the verse it begins in. 1. [And in every province, and in every city, whithersoever the king's commandment and his decree came, the Jews had gladness and joy, a feast and a good day.](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/ketuvim/jps/EST.144/) 2. [And many from among the peoples of the land became Jews; for the fear of the Jews was fallen upon them.](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/ketuvim/jps/EST.145/) **Hebrew text:** Westminster Leningrad Codex, public domain. **Tree, glosses and frames:** MACULA Hebrew Linguistic Datasets, available at [github.com/Clear-Bible/macula-hebrew](https://github.com/Clear-Bible/macula-hebrew/), [CC BY 4.0](https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/); converted to Universal Dependencies by Mova (words in text order, a prefix its own word). **Speech act:** Mova's rules on the MACULA words (`macula prag`). **Targum:** Onkelos (Torat Emet), Jonathan and the Writings (Mikraot Gedolot), from Sefaria, public domain. **English:** JPS 1917, public domain; trees and speech acts by Mova's cycle, frames by Mova's reader (Elamur Cosmic License). Hebrew sentence `wlc:EST:131`. - ← previous: [Esther 8:16](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/ketuvim/EST.8.16/) - next →: [Esther 9:1](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/ketuvim/EST.9.1/) - ↑ back to [Esther 8](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/ketuvim/EST/8/)