--- title: Esther 8:8 — Write ye also concerning the Jews, as it liketh you, in the king's n… · Hebrew, tree and pragmatics description: Write ye also concerning the Jews, as it liketh you, in the king's name, and seal it with the king's ring; for the writing which is written in the king's name, and sealed with the king's ring, may no man reverse.' Who acts: ye, hand, man, king. Esther 8:8 in Hebrew with its dependency tree, the Targ --- [Mova](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) · [this page in HTML](https://mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/ketuvim/EST.8.8/) [home](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) / [corpora](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/) / [Tanakh](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/tanakh/) / [Ketuvim](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/ketuvim/) / [Esther](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/ketuvim/EST/) / [chapter 8](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/ketuvim/EST/8/) / 8:8 # Esther 8:8 אֶסְתֵּר **Who acts:** ye, hand, man, king · **What happens:** write, like, seal, reverse, name · **To what, where:** you, name, hand, writing This is Esther 8:8 from Mova's open Bible corpus, the Tanakh in three languages (Ketuvim — the Writings). The page gives the verse in Hebrew as the Westminster Leningrad Codex has it, its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, built from MACULA Hebrew — and its pragmatics: who acts — ye, hand, man, king — and what happens in the verse to you, name, hand, writing, read clause by clause by Mova's frames. Beside it stand the Aramaic of the Targum and the English of the Jewish Publication Society's 1917 translation, each English sentence with a tree of its own. It is one of the 10 chapters of Esther on this site, all built by Mova itself from its own trees, with no large model in between. וְ֠אַתֶּם כִּתְב֨וּ עַל־הַיְּהוּדִ֜ים כַּטּ֤וֹב בְּעֵֽינֵיכֶם֙ בְּשֵׁ֣ם הַמֶּ֔לֶךְ וְחִתְמ֖וּ בְּטַבַּ֣עַת הַמֶּ֑לֶךְ כִּֽי־כְתָ֞ב אֲשֶׁר־נִכְתָּ֣ב בְּשֵׁם־הַמֶּ֗לֶךְ וְנַחְתּ֛וֹם בְּטַבַּ֥עַת הַמֶּ֖לֶךְ אֵ֥ין לְהָשִֽׁיב׃ [Write ye also concerning the Jews, as it liketh you, in the king's name, and seal it with the king's ring; for the writing which is written in the king's name, and sealed with the king's ring, may no man reverse.'](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/ketuvim/jps/EST.135/) ## The tree {#tree} Right to left, as the Hebrew is read; a prefix or suffix is a word of its own, and a line under the words joins those written as one. Under each word its part of speech and MACULA's English gloss. ```conllu rtl gloss # sent_id = wlc:EST:122 # text = וְ֠אַתֶּם כִּתְב֨וּ עַל־הַיְּהוּדִ֜ים כַּטּ֤וֹב בְּעֵֽינֵיכֶם֙ בְּשֵׁ֣ם הַמֶּ֔לֶךְ וְחִתְמ֖וּ בְּטַבַּ֣עַת הַמֶּ֑לֶךְ כִּֽי־כְתָ֞ב אֲשֶׁר־נִכְתָּ֣ב בְּשֵׁם־הַמֶּ֗לֶךְ וְנַחְתּ֛וֹם בְּטַבַּ֥עַת הַמֶּ֖לֶךְ אֵ֥ין לְהָשִֽׁיב׃ # verse = EST.8.8 1-2 וְ֠אַתֶּם _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 1 וְ֠ וְ CCONJ _ _ 3 cc _ Gloss=and|Ref=EST_8:8!1|MId=o170080080011|Strong=2050b 2 אַתֶּם אַתֶּם PRON _ Gender=Masc|Number=Plur|Person=2|PronType=Prs 3 nsubj _ Gloss=you|Ref=EST_8:8!1|MId=o170080080012|Strong=0859a|Type=personal 3 כִּתְב֨וּ כָּתַב VERB _ Gender=Masc|HebBinyan=QAL|Number=Plur|Person=2 0 root _ Gloss=write|Ref=EST_8:8!2|MId=o170080080021|Strong=3789|Frame=A0:170080080012;|Type=imperative 4 עַל־ עַל ADP _ _ 6 case _ Gloss=on|Ref=EST_8:8!3|MId=o170080080031|Strong=5921|SpaceAfter=No 5-6 הַיְּהוּדִ֜ים _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 5 הַ הַ DET _ PronType=Art 6 det _ Gloss=the|Ref=EST_8:8!4|MId=o170080080041|Strong=1886a|Type=definite_article 6 יְּהוּדִ֜ים יְהוּדִי NOUN _ Gender=Masc|Number=Plur 3 obl _ Gloss=Jews|Ref=EST_8:8!4|MId=o170080080042|Strong=3064|Type=gentilic 7-9 כַּטּ֤וֹב _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 7 כַּ כְּ ADP _ _ 9 case _ Gloss=according|Ref=EST_8:8!5|MId=o170080080051|Strong=3509a 8 ה הַ DET _ PronType=Art 9 det _ Gloss=to|Ref=EST_8:8!5|MId=o170080080051ה|Strong=1886a|Type=definite_article 9 טּ֤וֹב טוֹב ADJ _ Gender=Masc|Number=Sing 3 obl _ Gloss=the.good|Ref=EST_8:8!5|MId=o170080080052|Strong=2896|Type=adjective 10-12 בְּעֵֽינֵיכֶם֙ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 10 בְּ בְּ ADP _ _ 11 case _ Gloss=in|Ref=EST_8:8!6|MId=o170080080061|Strong=0871a 11 עֵֽינֵי עַיִן NOUN _ Number=Dual 9 nmod _ Gloss=eyes|Ref=EST_8:8!6|MId=o170080080062|Strong=5869 12 כֶם֙ הוּא PRON _ Gender=Masc|Number=Plur|Person=2|PronType=Prs 11 nmod:poss _ Gloss=your|Ref=EST_8:8!6|MId=o170080080063|Strong=3641b|Type=pronominal 13-14 בְּשֵׁ֣ם _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 13 בְּ בְּ ADP _ _ 14 case _ Gloss=in|Ref=EST_8:8!7|MId=o170080080071|Strong=0871a 14 שֵׁ֣ם שֵׁם NOUN _ Gender=Masc|Number=Sing 3 obl _ Gloss=the.name|Ref=EST_8:8!7|MId=o170080080072|Strong=8034 15-16 הַמֶּ֔לֶךְ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 15 הַ הַ DET _ PronType=Art 16 det _ Gloss=of|Ref=EST_8:8!8|MId=o170080080081|Strong=1886a|Type=definite_article 16 מֶּ֔לֶךְ מֶלֶךְ NOUN _ Gender=Masc|Number=Sing 14 compound:smixut _ Gloss=the.king|Ref=EST_8:8!8|MId=o170080080082|Strong=4428 17-18 וְחִתְמ֖וּ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 17 וְ וְ CCONJ _ _ 18 cc _ Gloss=and|Ref=EST_8:8!9|MId=o170080080091|Strong=2050b 18 חִתְמ֖וּ חָתַם VERB _ Gender=Masc|HebBinyan=QAL|Number=Plur|Person=2 3 conj _ Gloss=seal.[it]|Ref=EST_8:8!9|MId=o170080080092|Strong=2856|Frame=A0:170080070063;170080070122;|Type=imperative 19-20 בְּטַבַּ֣עַת _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 19 בְּ בְּ ADP _ _ 20 case _ Gloss=with|Ref=EST_8:8!10|MId=o170080080101|Strong=0871a 20 טַבַּ֣עַת טַבַּעַת NOUN _ Gender=Fem|Number=Sing 18 obl _ Gloss=the.signet-ring|Ref=EST_8:8!10|MId=o170080080102|Strong=2885 21-22 הַמֶּ֑לֶךְ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 21 הַ הַ DET _ PronType=Art 22 det _ Gloss=of|Ref=EST_8:8!11|MId=o170080080111|Strong=1886a|Type=definite_article 22 מֶּ֑לֶךְ מֶלֶךְ NOUN _ Gender=Masc|Number=Sing 20 compound:smixut _ Gloss=the.king|Ref=EST_8:8!11|MId=o170080080112|Strong=4428 23 כִּֽי־ כִּי SCONJ _ _ 37 mark _ Gloss=(dm)|Ref=EST_8:8!12|MId=o170080080121|Strong=3588|SpaceAfter=No 24 כְתָ֞ב כְּתָב NOUN _ Gender=Masc|Number=Sing 37 nsubj _ Gloss=a.writing|Ref=EST_8:8!13|MId=o170080080131|Strong=3791 25 אֲשֶׁר־ אֲשֶׁר SCONJ _ _ 26 mark _ Gloss=which|Ref=EST_8:8!14|MId=o170080080141|Strong=0834|Type=relative|SpaceAfter=No 26 נִכְתָּ֣ב כָּתַב VERB _ Gender=Masc|HebBinyan=NIPHAL|Number=Sing 24 acl:relcl _ Gloss=[is].written|Ref=EST_8:8!15|MId=o170080080151|Strong=3789|Frame=A1:170080080131;|Type=participle_passive 27-28 בְּשֵׁם־ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 27 בְּ בְּ ADP _ _ 28 case _ Gloss=in|Ref=EST_8:8!16|MId=o170080080161|Strong=0871a 28 שֵׁם־ שֵׁם NOUN _ Gender=Masc|Number=Sing 26 obl _ Gloss=the.name|Ref=EST_8:8!16|MId=o170080080162|Strong=8034 29-30 הַמֶּ֗לֶךְ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 29 הַ הַ DET _ PronType=Art 30 det _ Gloss=of|Ref=EST_8:8!17|MId=o170080080171|Strong=1886a|Type=definite_article 30 מֶּ֗לֶךְ מֶלֶךְ NOUN _ Gender=Masc|Number=Sing 28 compound:smixut _ Gloss=the.king|Ref=EST_8:8!17|MId=o170080080172|Strong=4428 31-32 וְנַחְתּ֛וֹם _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 31 וְ וְ CCONJ _ _ 32 cc _ Gloss=and|Ref=EST_8:8!18|MId=o170080080181|Strong=2050b 32 נַחְתּ֛וֹם חָתַם VERB _ HebBinyan=NIPHAL 26 conj _ Gloss=it.is.sealed|Ref=EST_8:8!18|MId=o170080080182|Strong=2856|Frame=A1:170080080131;|Type=infinitive_absolute 33-34 בְּטַבַּ֥עַת _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 33 בְּ בְּ ADP _ _ 34 case _ Gloss=with|Ref=EST_8:8!19|MId=o170080080191|Strong=0871a 34 טַבַּ֥עַת טַבַּעַת NOUN _ Gender=Fem|Number=Sing 32 obl _ Gloss=the.signet-ring|Ref=EST_8:8!19|MId=o170080080192|Strong=2885 35-36 הַמֶּ֖לֶךְ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 35 הַ הַ DET _ PronType=Art 36 det _ Gloss=of|Ref=EST_8:8!20|MId=o170080080201|Strong=1886a|Type=definite_article 36 מֶּ֖לֶךְ מֶלֶךְ NOUN _ Gender=Masc|Number=Sing 34 compound:smixut _ Gloss=the.king|Ref=EST_8:8!20|MId=o170080080202|Strong=4428 37 אֵ֥ין אַיִן ADV _ _ 3 advcl _ Gloss=there.[was].not|Ref=EST_8:8!21|MId=o170080080211|Strong=0369|Type=negative 38-39 לְהָשִֽׁיב _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 38 לְ לְ ADP _ _ 39 case _ Gloss=to|Ref=EST_8:8!22|MId=o170080080221|Strong=3807a 39 הָשִֽׁיב שׁוּב VERB _ HebBinyan=HIPHIL 37 advcl _ Gloss=revoke|Ref=EST_8:8!22|MId=o170080080222|Strong=7725|Frame=A0:;A1:170080080131;|Type=infinitive_construct 40 ׃ ׃ PUNCT _ _ 39 punct _ Ref=EST_8:8!22 ``` ## Pragmatics {#pragmatics} - form: command - act: request - voice: character - speech: inside a quote begun earlier - negation: yes | verb | form · stem | who (A0) | what, whom (A1) | to whom, further (A2) | who makes it happen (AA) | | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | | **not** כִּתְבוּ *write* | imperative · qal | אַתֶּם *you* | | | | | חִתְמוּ *seal \[it\]* | imperative · qal | | | | | | נִכְתָּב *\[is\] written* | participle passive · niphal | | כְתָב *a writing* | | | | נַחְתּוֹם *it is sealed* | infinitive absolute · niphal | | כְתָב *a writing* | | | | הָשִֽׁיב *revoke* | infinitive construct · hiphil | | כְתָב *a writing* | | | MACULA's semantic frames: for each verb the head word of each participant. A0 is the one who acts, A1 what the act is done to or is about, A2 a further participant; AA, with a causative verb, the one who makes it happen. ## The Targum {#onkelos} וְאַתּוּן סַרְהִיבוּ כְּתוּבוּ בְגִין יְהוּדָאִין כַּד שַׁפִיר בְּעֵינֵיכוֹן בְּשׁוּם מֵימְרָא דְמַלְכָּא וּסְטִימוּ בְּעִזְקְתָא דְסִיטוּמְתָּא דְמַלְכָּא אֲרוּם פִּטְקָא דְמִתְכְּתִיב בְּשׁוּם מֵימְרָא דְמַלְכָּא וּמִסְתַּתֵּם בְּעִזְקְתָא דִסְטוּמְתָא דְמַלְכָּא לָא יְתוּב רֵיקָנוּ: The Aramaic translation read beside the Hebrew. Text only: Mova has no Aramaic parser yet. ## English, JPS 1917 {#english} Each sentence on its own page, with its tree and pragmatics. A sentence that runs on into the next verse is listed under the verse it begins in. 1. [Write ye also concerning the Jews, as it liketh you, in the king's name, and seal it with the king's ring; for the writing which is written in the king's name, and sealed with the king's ring, may no man reverse.'](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/ketuvim/jps/EST.135/) **Hebrew text:** Westminster Leningrad Codex, public domain. **Tree, glosses and frames:** MACULA Hebrew Linguistic Datasets, available at [github.com/Clear-Bible/macula-hebrew](https://github.com/Clear-Bible/macula-hebrew/), [CC BY 4.0](https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/); converted to Universal Dependencies by Mova (words in text order, a prefix its own word). **Speech act:** Mova's rules on the MACULA words (`macula prag`). **Targum:** Onkelos (Torat Emet), Jonathan and the Writings (Mikraot Gedolot), from Sefaria, public domain. **English:** JPS 1917, public domain; trees and speech acts by Mova's cycle, frames by Mova's reader (Elamur Cosmic License). Hebrew sentence `wlc:EST:122`. - ← previous: [Esther 8:7](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/ketuvim/EST.8.7/) - next →: [Esther 8:9](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/ketuvim/EST.8.9/) - ↑ back to [Esther 8](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/ketuvim/EST/8/)