--- title: Esther 9:1 — Now in the twelfth month, which is the month Adar, on the thirteenth… · Hebrew, tree and pragmatics description: Now in the twelfth month, which is the month Adar, on the thirteenth day of the same, when the king's commandment and his decree drew near to be put in execution, in the day that the enemies of the Jews hoped to have rule over them; whereas it was turned to the contrary, that the Jews had rule over --- [Mova](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) · [this page in HTML](https://mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/ketuvim/EST.9.1/) [home](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) / [corpora](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/) / [Tanakh](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/tanakh/) / [Ketuvim](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/ketuvim/) / [Esther](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/ketuvim/EST/) / [chapter 9](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/ketuvim/EST/9/) / 9:1 # Esther 9:1 אֶסְתֵּר **Who acts:** twelfth month, commandment, enemies, Jews, rule, king · **What happens:** be, draw, put, hope, have, turn · **To what, where:** month, execution, day, rule, contrary, enemies · **Speech:** someone speaks in this verse This is Esther 9:1 from Mova's open Bible corpus, the Tanakh in three languages (Ketuvim — the Writings). The page gives the verse in Hebrew as the Westminster Leningrad Codex has it, its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, built from MACULA Hebrew — and its pragmatics: who acts — twelfth month, commandment, enemies, Jews, rule, king — and what happens in the verse to month, execution, day, rule, contrary, enemies, read clause by clause by Mova's frames. Beside it stand the Aramaic of the Targum and the English of the Jewish Publication Society's 1917 translation, each English sentence with a tree of its own. It is one of the 10 chapters of Esther on this site, all built by Mova itself from its own trees, with no large model in between. וּבִשְׁנֵים֩ עָשָׂ֨ר חֹ֜דֶשׁ הוּא־חֹ֣דֶשׁ אֲדָ֗ר בִּשְׁלוֹשָׁ֨ה עָשָׂ֥ר יוֹם֙ בּ֔וֹ אֲשֶׁ֨ר הִגִּ֧יעַ דְּבַר־הַמֶּ֛לֶךְ וְדָת֖וֹ לְהֵעָשׂ֑וֹת בַּיּ֗וֹם אֲשֶׁ֨ר שִׂבְּר֜וּ אֹיְבֵ֤י הַיְּהוּדִים֙ לִשְׁל֣וֹט בָּהֶ֔ם וְנַהֲפ֣וֹךְ ה֔וּא אֲשֶׁ֨ר יִשְׁלְט֧וּ הַיְּהוּדִ֛ים הֵ֖מָּה בְּשֹׂנְאֵיהֶֽם׃ [Now in the twelfth month, which is the month Adar, on the thirteenth day of the same, when the king's commandment and his decree drew near to be put in execution, in the day that the enemies of the Jews hoped to have rule over them; whereas it was turned to the contrary, that the Jews had rule over them that hated them;](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/ketuvim/jps/EST.146/) ## The tree {#tree} Right to left, as the Hebrew is read; a prefix or suffix is a word of its own, and a line under the words joins those written as one. Under each word its part of speech and MACULA's English gloss. ```conllu rtl gloss # sent_id = wlc:EST:132 # text = וּבִשְׁנֵים֩ עָשָׂ֨ר חֹ֜דֶשׁ הוּא־חֹ֣דֶשׁ אֲדָ֗ר בִּשְׁלוֹשָׁ֨ה עָשָׂ֥ר יוֹם֙ בּ֔וֹ אֲשֶׁ֨ר הִגִּ֧יעַ דְּבַר־הַמֶּ֛לֶךְ וְדָת֖וֹ לְהֵעָשׂ֑וֹת בַּיּ֗וֹם אֲשֶׁ֨ר שִׂבְּר֜וּ אֹיְבֵ֤י הַיְּהוּדִים֙ לִשְׁל֣וֹט בָּהֶ֔ם וְנַהֲפ֣וֹךְ ה֔וּא אֲשֶׁ֨ר יִשְׁלְט֧וּ הַיְּהוּדִ֛ים הֵ֖מָּה בְּשֹׂנְאֵיהֶֽם׃ # verse = EST.9.1 1-3 וּבִשְׁנֵים֩ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 1 וּ וְ CCONJ _ _ 41 cc _ Gloss=and|Ref=EST_9:1!1|MId=o170090010011|Strong=2050b 2 בִ בְּ ADP _ _ 5 case _ Gloss=in|Ref=EST_9:1!1|MId=o170090010012|Strong=0871a 3 שְׁנֵים֩ שְׁנַיִם NUM _ Gender=Masc|Number=Dual 5 nummod _ Gloss=two.plus|Ref=EST_9:1!1|MId=o170090010013|Strong=8147|Type=cardinal_number 4 עָשָׂ֨ר עָשָׂר NUM _ Gender=Masc|Number=Sing 3 flat _ Gloss=ten|Ref=EST_9:1!2|MId=o170090010021|Strong=6240|Type=cardinal_number 5 חֹ֜דֶשׁ חֹדֶשׁ NOUN _ Gender=Masc|Number=Sing 41 dislocated _ Gloss=month|Ref=EST_9:1!3|MId=o170090010031|Strong=2320 6 הוּא־ הוּא PRON _ Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs 7 nsubj _ Gloss=that|Ref=EST_9:1!4|MId=o170090010041|Strong=1931|Type=personal|SpaceAfter=No 7 חֹ֣דֶשׁ חֹדֶשׁ NOUN _ Gender=Masc|Number=Sing 5 acl _ Gloss=[is].the.month|Ref=EST_9:1!5|MId=o170090010051|Strong=2320 8 אֲדָ֗ר אֲדָר PROPN _ _ 7 compound:smixut _ Gloss=of.Adar|Ref=EST_9:1!6|MId=o170090010061|Strong=0143 9-10 בִּשְׁלוֹשָׁ֨ה _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 9 בִּ בְּ ADP _ _ 12 case _ Gloss=on|Ref=EST_9:1!7|MId=o170090010071|Strong=0871a 10 שְׁלוֹשָׁ֨ה שָׁלֹשׁ NUM _ Gender=Masc|Number=Sing 12 nummod _ Gloss=thir-|Ref=EST_9:1!7|MId=o170090010072|Strong=7969|Type=cardinal_number 11 עָשָׂ֥ר עָשָׂר NUM _ Gender=Masc|Number=Sing 10 flat _ Gloss=teen|Ref=EST_9:1!8|MId=o170090010081|Strong=6240|Type=cardinal_number 12 יוֹם֙ יוֹם NOUN _ Gender=Masc|Number=Sing 5 conj _ Gloss=day|Ref=EST_9:1!9|MId=o170090010091|Strong=3117 13-14 בּ֔וֹ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 13 בּ בְּ ADP _ _ 14 case _ Gloss=in|Ref=EST_9:1!10|MId=o170090010101|Strong=0871a 14 ֔וֹ הוּא PRON _ Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs 12 nmod _ Gloss=it|Ref=EST_9:1!10|MId=o170090010102|Strong=2050c|Type=pronominal 15 אֲשֶׁ֨ר אֲשֶׁר SCONJ _ _ 16 mark _ Gloss=when|Ref=EST_9:1!11|MId=o170090010111|Strong=0834|Type=relative 16 הִגִּ֧יעַ נָגַע VERB _ Gender=Masc|HebBinyan=HIPHIL|Number=Sing|Person=3 12 acl:relcl _ Gloss=it.approached|Ref=EST_9:1!12|MId=o170090010121|Strong=5060|Frame=A0:170090010131;170090010152;|Type=qatal 17 דְּבַר־ דָּבָר NOUN _ Gender=Masc|Number=Sing 16 nsubj _ Gloss=the.word|Ref=EST_9:1!13|MId=o170090010131|Strong=1697|SpaceAfter=No 18-19 הַמֶּ֛לֶךְ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 18 הַ הַ DET _ PronType=Art 19 det _ Gloss=of|Ref=EST_9:1!14|MId=o170090010141|Strong=1886a|Type=definite_article 19 מֶּ֛לֶךְ מֶלֶךְ NOUN _ Gender=Masc|Number=Sing 17 compound:smixut _ Gloss=the.king|Ref=EST_9:1!14|MId=o170090010142|Strong=4428 20-22 וְדָת֖וֹ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 20 וְ וְ CCONJ _ _ 21 cc _ Gloss=and|Ref=EST_9:1!15|MId=o170090010151|Strong=2050b 21 דָת דָּת NOUN _ Gender=Fem|Number=Sing 17 conj _ Gloss=law|Ref=EST_9:1!15|MId=o170090010152|Strong=1881 22 ֖וֹ הוּא PRON _ Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs 21 nmod:poss _ Gloss=his|Ref=EST_9:1!15|MId=o170090010153|Strong=2050c|Type=pronominal 23-24 לְהֵעָשׂ֑וֹת _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 23 לְ לְ ADP _ _ 24 case _ Gloss=to|Ref=EST_9:1!16|MId=o170090010161|Strong=3807a 24 הֵעָשׂ֑וֹת עָשָׂה VERB _ HebBinyan=NIPHAL 16 advcl _ Gloss=be.done|Ref=EST_9:1!16|MId=o170090010162|Strong=6213|Frame=A1:170090010131;170090010152;|Type=infinitive_construct 25-27 בַּיּ֗וֹם _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 25 בַּ בְּ ADP _ _ 27 case _ Gloss=on|Ref=EST_9:1!17|MId=o170090010171|Strong=0871a 26 ה הַ DET _ PronType=Art 27 det _ Gloss=the|Ref=EST_9:1!17|MId=o170090010171ה|Strong=1886a|Type=definite_article 27 יּ֗וֹם יוֹם NOUN _ Gender=Masc|Number=Sing 5 nmod _ Gloss=day|Ref=EST_9:1!17|MId=o170090010172|Strong=3117 28 אֲשֶׁ֨ר אֲשֶׁר SCONJ _ _ 29 mark _ Gloss=when|Ref=EST_9:1!18|MId=o170090010181|Strong=0834|Type=relative 29 שִׂבְּר֜וּ שָׂבַר VERB _ Gender=Com|HebBinyan=PIEL|Number=Plur|Person=3 27 acl:relcl _ Gloss=they.had.hoped|Ref=EST_9:1!19|MId=o170090010191|Strong=7663|Frame=A0:170090010201;|Type=qatal 30 אֹיְבֵ֤י אָיַב NOUN _ Gender=Masc|HebBinyan=QAL|Number=Plur 29 nsubj _ Gloss=the.enemies|Ref=EST_9:1!20|MId=o170090010201|Strong=0341|Type=participle_active 31-32 הַיְּהוּדִים֙ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 31 הַ הַ DET _ PronType=Art 32 det _ Gloss=of|Ref=EST_9:1!21|MId=o170090010211|Strong=1886a|Type=definite_article 32 יְּהוּדִים֙ יְהוּדִי NOUN _ Gender=Masc|Number=Plur 30 compound:smixut _ Gloss=the.Jews|Ref=EST_9:1!21|MId=o170090010212|Strong=3064|Type=gentilic 33-34 לִשְׁל֣וֹט _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 33 לִ לְ ADP _ _ 34 case _ Gloss=to|Ref=EST_9:1!22|MId=o170090010221|Strong=3807a 34 שְׁל֣וֹט שָׁלַט VERB _ HebBinyan=QAL 29 advcl _ Gloss=gain.power|Ref=EST_9:1!22|MId=o170090010222|Strong=7980|Frame=A0:170090010201;|Type=infinitive_construct 35-36 בָּהֶ֔ם _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 35 בּ בְּ ADP _ _ 36 case _ Gloss=over|Ref=EST_9:1!23|MId=o170090010231|Strong=0871a 36 ָהֶ֔ם הוּא PRON _ Gender=Masc|Number=Plur|Person=3|PronType=Prs 34 obl _ Gloss=them|Ref=EST_9:1!23|MId=o170090010232|Strong=3963a|Type=pronominal 37-38 וְנַהֲפ֣וֹךְ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 37 וְ וְ CCONJ _ _ 38 cc _ Gloss=and|Ref=EST_9:1!24|MId=o170090010241|Strong=2050b 38 נַהֲפ֣וֹךְ הָפַךְ VERB _ HebBinyan=NIPHAL 41 parataxis _ Gloss=it.was.reversed|Ref=EST_9:1!24|MId=o170090010242|Strong=2015|Frame=A1:170090010251;|Type=infinitive_absolute 39 ה֔וּא הוּא PRON _ Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs 38 nsubj _ Gloss=it|Ref=EST_9:1!25|MId=o170090010251|Strong=1931|Type=personal 40 אֲשֶׁ֨ר אֲשֶׁר SCONJ _ _ 41 mark _ Gloss=that|Ref=EST_9:1!26|MId=o170090010261|Strong=0834|Type=relative 41 יִשְׁלְט֧וּ שָׁלַט VERB _ Gender=Masc|HebBinyan=QAL|Number=Plur|Person=3 0 root _ Gloss=they.gained.power|Ref=EST_9:1!27|MId=o170090010271|Strong=7980|Frame=A0:170090010282;|Type=yiqtol 42-43 הַיְּהוּדִ֛ים _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 42 הַ הַ DET _ PronType=Art 43 det _ Gloss=the|Ref=EST_9:1!28|MId=o170090010281|Strong=1886a|Type=definite_article 43 יְּהוּדִ֛ים יְהוּדִי NOUN _ Gender=Masc|Number=Plur 41 nsubj _ Gloss=Jews|Ref=EST_9:1!28|MId=o170090010282|Strong=3064|Type=gentilic 44 הֵ֖מָּה הֵמָּה PRON _ Gender=Masc|Number=Plur|Person=3|PronType=Prs 43 nmod:poss _ Gloss=they|Ref=EST_9:1!29|MId=o170090010291|Strong=1992|Type=personal 45-47 בְּשֹׂנְאֵיהֶֽם _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 45 בְּ בְּ ADP _ _ 46 case _ Gloss=over|Ref=EST_9:1!30|MId=o170090010301|Strong=0871a 46 שֹׂנְאֵי שָׂנֵא VERB _ Gender=Masc|HebBinyan=QAL|Number=Plur 41 advcl _ Gloss=[those|Ref=EST_9:1!30|MId=o170090010302|Strong=8130|Type=participle_active 47 הֶֽם הוּא PRON _ Gender=Masc|Number=Plur|Person=3|PronType=Prs 46 nmod:poss _ Gloss=who].hated.them|Ref=EST_9:1!30|MId=o170090010303|Strong=3963a|Type=pronominal 48 ׃ ׃ PUNCT _ _ 47 punct _ Ref=EST_9:1!30 ``` ## Pragmatics {#pragmatics} - form: statement - act: assert - voice: narrator - speech: narration - negation: no | verb | form · stem | who (A0) | what, whom (A1) | to whom, further (A2) | who makes it happen (AA) | | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | | הִגִּיעַ *it approached* | qatal · hiphil | דְּבַר־ *the word* + דָת *law* | | | | | הֵעָשׂוֹת *be done* | infinitive construct · niphal | | דְּבַר־ *the word* + דָת *law* | | | | שִׂבְּרוּ *they had hoped* | qatal · piel | אֹיְבֵי *the enemies* | | | | | שְׁלוֹט *gain power* | infinitive construct · qal | אֹיְבֵי *the enemies* | | | | | נַהֲפוֹךְ *it was reversed* | infinitive absolute · niphal | | הוּא *it* | | | | יִשְׁלְטוּ *they gained power* | yiqtol · qal | יְּהוּדִים *Jews* | | | | MACULA's semantic frames: for each verb the head word of each participant. A0 is the one who acts, A1 what the act is done to or is about, A2 a further participant; AA, with a causative verb, the one who makes it happen. ## The Targum {#onkelos} וּבִתְרֵי עֲסַר יַרְחִין הוּא יֶרַח אֲדָר בִּתְלַת עֲסַר יוֹמִין בֵּיהּ דִמְטָא פִּתְגָם מַלְכָּא וּגְזֵירַת דִינֵיהּ לְאִתְעֲבָדָא בְּיוֹמָא דַחֲשִׁיבוּ בַּעֲלֵי דְבָבִין דִיהוּדָאִין לְמִשְׁלוֹט בְּהוֹן וְאִתְהַפִּיךְ מִן שְׁמַיָא בְּגִין זְכוּתָא דְאַבְהָתָא דִי יִשְׁלְטוּן יְהוּדָאִין אִינוּן בְּסַנְאֵיהוֹן: The Aramaic translation read beside the Hebrew. Text only: Mova has no Aramaic parser yet. ## English, JPS 1917 {#english} Each sentence on its own page, with its tree and pragmatics. A sentence that runs on into the next verse is listed under the verse it begins in. 1. [Now in the twelfth month, which is the month Adar, on the thirteenth day of the same, when the king's commandment and his decree drew near to be put in execution, in the day that the enemies of the Jews hoped to have rule over them; whereas it was turned to the contrary, that the Jews had rule over them that hated them;](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/ketuvim/jps/EST.146/) **Hebrew text:** Westminster Leningrad Codex, public domain. **Tree, glosses and frames:** MACULA Hebrew Linguistic Datasets, available at [github.com/Clear-Bible/macula-hebrew](https://github.com/Clear-Bible/macula-hebrew/), [CC BY 4.0](https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/); converted to Universal Dependencies by Mova (words in text order, a prefix its own word). **Speech act:** Mova's rules on the MACULA words (`macula prag`). **Targum:** Onkelos (Torat Emet), Jonathan and the Writings (Mikraot Gedolot), from Sefaria, public domain. **English:** JPS 1917, public domain; trees and speech acts by Mova's cycle, frames by Mova's reader (Elamur Cosmic License). Hebrew sentence `wlc:EST:132`. - ← previous: [Esther 8:17](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/ketuvim/EST.8.17/) - next →: [Esther 9:2](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/ketuvim/EST.9.2/) - ↑ back to [Esther 9](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/ketuvim/EST/9/)