--- title: Esther 9:19 — Therefore do the Jews of the villages, that dwell in the unwalled to… · Hebrew, tree and pragmatics description: Therefore do the Jews of the villages, that dwell in the unwalled towns, make the fourteenth day of the month Adar a day of gladness and feasting, and a good day, and of sending portions one to another. Who acts: Jews. Esther 9:19 in Hebrew with its dependency tree, the Targum, JPS 1917 and the prag --- [Mova](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) · [this page in HTML](https://mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/ketuvim/EST.9.19/) [home](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) / [corpora](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/) / [Tanakh](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/tanakh/) / [Ketuvim](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/ketuvim/) / [Esther](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/ketuvim/EST/) / [chapter 9](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/ketuvim/EST/9/) / 9:19 # Esther 9:19 אֶסְתֵּר **Who acts:** Jews · **What happens:** dwell, make, send · **To what, where:** unwalled towns, day, portions This is Esther 9:19 from Mova's open Bible corpus, the Tanakh in three languages (Ketuvim — the Writings). The page gives the verse in Hebrew as the Westminster Leningrad Codex has it, its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, built from MACULA Hebrew — and its pragmatics: who acts — Jews — and what happens in the verse to unwalled towns, day, portions, read clause by clause by Mova's frames. Beside it stand the Aramaic of the Targum and the English of the Jewish Publication Society's 1917 translation, each English sentence with a tree of its own. It is one of the 10 chapters of Esther on this site, all built by Mova itself from its own trees, with no large model in between. עַל־כֵּ֞ן הַיְּהוּדִ֣ים הַפְּרָזִ֗ים הַיֹּשְׁבִים֮ בְּעָרֵ֣י הַפְּרָזוֹת֒ עֹשִׂ֗ים אֵ֠ת י֣וֹם אַרְבָּעָ֤ה עָשָׂר֙ לְחֹ֣דֶשׁ אֲדָ֔ר שִׂמְחָ֥ה וּמִשְׁתֶּ֖ה וְי֣וֹם ט֑וֹב וּמִשְׁל֥וֹחַ מָנ֖וֹת אִ֥ישׁ לְרֵעֵֽהוּ׃פ [Therefore do the Jews of the villages, that dwell in the unwalled towns, make the fourteenth day of the month Adar a day of gladness and feasting, and a good day, and of sending portions one to another.](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/ketuvim/jps/EST.165/) ## The tree {#tree} Right to left, as the Hebrew is read; a prefix or suffix is a word of its own, and a line under the words joins those written as one. Under each word its part of speech and MACULA's English gloss. ```conllu rtl gloss # sent_id = wlc:EST:150 # text = עַל־כֵּ֞ן הַיְּהוּדִ֣ים הַפְּרָזִ֗ים הַיֹּשְׁבִים֮ בְּעָרֵ֣י הַפְּרָזוֹת֒ עֹשִׂ֗ים אֵ֠ת י֣וֹם אַרְבָּעָ֤ה עָשָׂר֙ לְחֹ֣דֶשׁ אֲדָ֔ר שִׂמְחָ֥ה וּמִשְׁתֶּ֖ה וְי֣וֹם ט֑וֹב וּמִשְׁל֥וֹחַ מָנ֖וֹת אִ֥ישׁ לְרֵעֵֽהוּ׃פ # verse = EST.9.19 1 עַל־ עַל ADP _ _ 2 case _ Gloss=therefore|Ref=EST_9:19!1|MId=o170090190011|Strong=5921|SpaceAfter=No 2 כֵּ֞ן כֵּן ADV _ _ 0 root _ Gloss=|Ref=EST_9:19!2|MId=o170090190021|Strong=3651|Type=demonstrative 3-4 הַיְּהוּדִ֣ים _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 3 הַ הַ DET _ PronType=Art 4 det _ Gloss=the|Ref=EST_9:19!3|MId=o170090190031|Strong=1886a|Type=definite_article 4 יְּהוּדִ֣ים יְהוּדִי NOUN _ Gender=Masc|Number=Plur 13 nsubj _ Gloss=Jews|Ref=EST_9:19!3|MId=o170090190032|Strong=3064|Type=gentilic 5-6 הַפְּרָזִ֗ים _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 5 הַ הַ DET _ PronType=Art 6 det _ Gloss=the|Ref=EST_9:19!5|MId=o170090190051|Strong=1886a|Type=definite_article 6 פְּרָזִ֗ים פְּרָזִי NOUN _ Gender=Masc|Number=Plur 4 appos _ Gloss=hamlet-dwellers|Ref=EST_9:19!5|MId=o170090190052|Strong=6521 7-8 הַיֹּשְׁבִים֮ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 7 הַ הַ SCONJ _ _ 8 mark _ Gloss=[who|Ref=EST_9:19!6|MId=o170090190061|Strong=1886a|Type=definite_article 8 יֹּשְׁבִים֮ יָשַׁב VERB _ Gender=Masc|HebBinyan=QAL|Number=Plur 4 appos _ Gloss=are].dwelling|Ref=EST_9:19!6|MId=o170090190062|Strong=3427|Frame=A0:170090190032;|Type=participle_active 9-10 בְּעָרֵ֣י _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 9 בְּ בְּ ADP _ _ 10 case _ Gloss=in|Ref=EST_9:19!7|MId=o170090190071|Strong=0871a 10 עָרֵ֣י עִיר NOUN _ Gender=Fem|Number=Plur 8 obl _ Gloss=the.cities|Ref=EST_9:19!7|MId=o170090190072|Strong=5892 11-12 הַפְּרָזוֹת֒ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 11 הַ הַ DET _ PronType=Art 12 det _ Gloss=of|Ref=EST_9:19!8|MId=o170090190081|Strong=1886a|Type=definite_article 12 פְּרָזוֹת֒ פְּרָזָה NOUN _ Gender=Fem|Number=Plur 10 compound:smixut _ Gloss=the.open.regions|Ref=EST_9:19!8|MId=o170090190082|Strong=6519 13 עֹשִׂ֗ים עָשָׂה VERB _ Gender=Masc|HebBinyan=QAL|Number=Plur 2 parataxis _ Gloss=[are].observing|Ref=EST_9:19!9|MId=o170090190091|Strong=6213|Frame=A0:170090190032;A1:170090190111;|Type=participle_active 14 אֵ֠ת אֵת ADP _ _ 15 case _ Gloss=(et)|Ref=EST_9:19!10|MId=o170090190101|Strong=0853|Type=direct_object_marker 15 י֣וֹם יוֹם NOUN _ Gender=Masc|Number=Sing 13 obj _ Gloss=day|Ref=EST_9:19!11|MId=o170090190111|Strong=3117 16 אַרְבָּעָ֤ה אַרְבַּע NUM _ Gender=Masc|Number=Sing 15 nummod _ Gloss=four-|Ref=EST_9:19!12|MId=o170090190121|Strong=0702|Type=cardinal_number 17 עָשָׂר֙ עָשָׂר NUM _ Gender=Masc|Number=Sing 16 flat _ Gloss=teen|Ref=EST_9:19!13|MId=o170090190131|Strong=6240|Type=cardinal_number 18-19 לְחֹ֣דֶשׁ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 18 לְ לְ ADP _ _ 19 case _ Gloss=of|Ref=EST_9:19!14|MId=o170090190141|Strong=3807a 19 חֹ֣דֶשׁ חֹדֶשׁ NOUN _ Gender=Masc|Number=Sing 15 nmod _ Gloss=the.month|Ref=EST_9:19!14|MId=o170090190142|Strong=2320 20 אֲדָ֔ר אֲדָר PROPN _ _ 19 compound:smixut _ Gloss=Adar|Ref=EST_9:19!15|MId=o170090190151|Strong=0143 21 שִׂמְחָ֥ה שִׂמְחָה NOUN _ Gender=Fem|Number=Sing 13 xcomp _ Gloss=joy|Ref=EST_9:19!16|MId=o170090190161|Strong=8057 22-23 וּמִשְׁתֶּ֖ה _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 22 וּ וְ CCONJ _ _ 23 cc _ Gloss=and|Ref=EST_9:19!17|MId=o170090190171|Strong=2050b 23 מִשְׁתֶּ֖ה מִשְׁתֶּה NOUN _ Gender=Masc|Number=Sing 21 conj _ Gloss=a.feast|Ref=EST_9:19!17|MId=o170090190172|Strong=4960 24-25 וְי֣וֹם _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 24 וְ וְ CCONJ _ _ 25 cc _ Gloss=and|Ref=EST_9:19!18|MId=o170090190181|Strong=2050b 25 י֣וֹם יוֹם NOUN _ Gender=Masc|Number=Sing 21 conj _ Gloss=a.day|Ref=EST_9:19!18|MId=o170090190182|Strong=3117 26 ט֑וֹב טוֹב ADJ _ Gender=Masc|Number=Sing 25 amod _ Gloss=good|Ref=EST_9:19!19|MId=o170090190191|Strong=2896|Type=adjective 27-28 וּמִשְׁל֥וֹחַ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 27 וּ וְ CCONJ _ _ 28 cc _ Gloss=and.[the]|Ref=EST_9:19!20|MId=o170090190201|Strong=2050b 28 מִשְׁל֥וֹחַ מִשְׁלוֹחַ NOUN _ Gender=Masc|Number=Sing 21 conj _ Gloss=sending|Ref=EST_9:19!20|MId=o170090190202|Strong=4916a 29 מָנ֖וֹת מָנָה NOUN _ Gender=Fem|Number=Plur 28 compound:smixut _ Gloss=of.portions|Ref=EST_9:19!21|MId=o170090190211|Strong=4490 30 אִ֥ישׁ אִישׁ NOUN _ Gender=Masc|Number=Sing 28 advmod _ Gloss=each|Ref=EST_9:19!22|MId=o170090190221|Strong=0376 31-33 לְרֵעֵֽהוּ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 31 לְ לְ ADP _ _ 32 case _ Gloss=to|Ref=EST_9:19!23|MId=o170090190231|Strong=3807a 32 רֵע רֵעַ NOUN _ Gender=Masc|Number=Sing 30 nmod _ Gloss=neighbor|Ref=EST_9:19!23|MId=o170090190232|Strong=7453 33 ֵֽהוּ הוּא PRON _ Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs 32 nmod:poss _ Gloss=his|Ref=EST_9:19!23|MId=o170090190233|Strong=1930a|Type=pronominal 34 ׃ ׃ PUNCT _ _ 33 punct _ Ref=EST_9:19!23|SpaceAfter=No 35 פ פ PUNCT _ _ 33 punct _ Ref=EST_9:19!23 ``` ## Pragmatics {#pragmatics} - form: statement - act: assert - voice: narrator - speech: narration - negation: no | verb | form · stem | who (A0) | what, whom (A1) | to whom, further (A2) | who makes it happen (AA) | | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | | יֹּשְׁבִים *are\] dwelling* | participle active · qal | יְּהוּדִים *Jews* | | | | | עֹשִׂים *\[are\] observing* | participle active · qal | יְּהוּדִים *Jews* | יוֹם *day* | | | MACULA's semantic frames: for each verb the head word of each participant. A0 is the one who acts, A1 what the act is done to or is about, A2 a further participant; AA, with a causative verb, the one who makes it happen. ## The Targum {#onkelos} בְּגִין כֵּן יְהוּדָאִין פַּצִיחָאֵי דְיַתְבִין בְּקִרְוֵי פַצִיחַיָא עָבְדִין יַת יוֹם אַרְבַּע עֲשַׂר לְיֶרַח אֲדָר חֶדְוָתָא וּמַשְׁקַיָא וְיוֹמָא טָבָא וּמְשַׁדְרִין דוֹרוֹן גְבַר לְחַבְרֵיהּ: The Aramaic translation read beside the Hebrew. Text only: Mova has no Aramaic parser yet. ## English, JPS 1917 {#english} Each sentence on its own page, with its tree and pragmatics. A sentence that runs on into the next verse is listed under the verse it begins in. 1. [Therefore do the Jews of the villages, that dwell in the unwalled towns, make the fourteenth day of the month Adar a day of gladness and feasting, and a good day, and of sending portions one to another.](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/ketuvim/jps/EST.165/) **Hebrew text:** Westminster Leningrad Codex, public domain. **Tree, glosses and frames:** MACULA Hebrew Linguistic Datasets, available at [github.com/Clear-Bible/macula-hebrew](https://github.com/Clear-Bible/macula-hebrew/), [CC BY 4.0](https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/); converted to Universal Dependencies by Mova (words in text order, a prefix its own word). **Speech act:** Mova's rules on the MACULA words (`macula prag`). **Targum:** Onkelos (Torat Emet), Jonathan and the Writings (Mikraot Gedolot), from Sefaria, public domain. **English:** JPS 1917, public domain; trees and speech acts by Mova's cycle, frames by Mova's reader (Elamur Cosmic License). Hebrew sentence `wlc:EST:150`. - ← previous: [Esther 9:18](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/ketuvim/EST.9.18/) - next →: [Esther 9:20](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/ketuvim/EST.9.20/) - ↑ back to [Esther 9](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/ketuvim/EST/9/)