--- title: Esther 9:20 — And Mordecai wrote these things, and sent letters unto all the Jews… · Hebrew, tree and pragmatics description: And Mordecai wrote these things, and sent letters unto all the Jews that were in all the provinces of the king Ahasuerus, both nigh and far, Who acts: Mordecai, Jews. Esther 9:20 in Hebrew with its dependency tree, the Targum, JPS 1917 and the pragmatics of every clause. --- [Mova](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) · [this page in HTML](https://mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/ketuvim/EST.9.20/) [home](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) / [corpora](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/) / [Tanakh](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/tanakh/) / [Ketuvim](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/ketuvim/) / [Esther](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/ketuvim/EST/) / [chapter 9](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/ketuvim/EST/9/) / 9:20 # Esther 9:20 אֶסְתֵּר **Who acts:** Mordecai, Jews · **What happens:** write, send, be · **To what, where:** things, letters, provinces This is Esther 9:20 from Mova's open Bible corpus, the Tanakh in three languages (Ketuvim — the Writings). The page gives the verse in Hebrew as the Westminster Leningrad Codex has it, its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, built from MACULA Hebrew — and its pragmatics: who acts — Mordecai, Jews — and what happens in the verse to things, letters, provinces, read clause by clause by Mova's frames. Beside it stand the Aramaic of the Targum and the English of the Jewish Publication Society's 1917 translation, each English sentence with a tree of its own. It is one of the 10 chapters of Esther on this site, all built by Mova itself from its own trees, with no large model in between. וַיִּכְתֹּ֣ב מָרְדֳּכַ֔י אֶת־הַדְּבָרִ֖ים הָאֵ֑לֶּה וַיִּשְׁלַ֨ח סְפָרִ֜ים אֶל־כָּל־הַיְּהוּדִ֗ים אֲשֶׁר֙ בְּכָל־מְדִינוֹת֙ הַמֶּ֣לֶךְ אֲחַשְׁוֵר֔וֹשׁ הַקְּרוֹבִ֖ים וְהָרְחוֹקִֽים׃ [And Mordecai wrote these things, and sent letters unto all the Jews that were in all the provinces of the king Ahasuerus, both nigh and far,](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/ketuvim/jps/EST.166/) ## The tree {#tree} Right to left, as the Hebrew is read; a prefix or suffix is a word of its own, and a line under the words joins those written as one. Under each word its part of speech and MACULA's English gloss. ```conllu rtl gloss # sent_id = wlc:EST:151 # text = וַיִּכְתֹּ֣ב מָרְדֳּכַ֔י אֶת־הַדְּבָרִ֖ים הָאֵ֑לֶּה וַיִּשְׁלַ֨ח סְפָרִ֜ים אֶל־כָּל־הַיְּהוּדִ֗ים אֲשֶׁר֙ בְּכָל־מְדִינוֹת֙ הַמֶּ֣לֶךְ אֲחַשְׁוֵר֔וֹשׁ הַקְּרוֹבִ֖ים וְהָרְחוֹקִֽים׃ # verse = EST.9.20 1-2 וַיִּכְתֹּ֣ב _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 1 וַ וְ CCONJ _ _ 2 cc _ Gloss=and|Ref=EST_9:20!1|MId=o170090200011|Strong=2050b 2 יִּכְתֹּ֣ב כָּתַב VERB _ Gender=Masc|HebBinyan=QAL|Number=Sing|Person=3 0 root _ Gloss=he.wrote|Ref=EST_9:20!1|MId=o170090200012|Strong=3789|Frame=A0:170090200021;A1:170090200042;|Type=wayyiqtol 3 מָרְדֳּכַ֔י מׇרְדֳּכַי PROPN _ _ 2 nsubj _ Gloss=Mordecai|Ref=EST_9:20!2|MId=o170090200021|Strong=4782 4 אֶת־ אֵת ADP _ _ 6 case _ Gloss=(et)|Ref=EST_9:20!3|MId=o170090200031|Strong=0853|Type=direct_object_marker|SpaceAfter=No 5-6 הַדְּבָרִ֖ים _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 5 הַ הַ DET _ PronType=Art 6 det _ Gloss=the|Ref=EST_9:20!4|MId=o170090200041|Strong=1886a|Type=definite_article 6 דְּבָרִ֖ים דָּבָר NOUN _ Gender=Masc|Number=Plur 2 obj _ Gloss=words|Ref=EST_9:20!4|MId=o170090200042|Strong=1697 7-8 הָאֵ֑לֶּה _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 7 הָ הַ DET _ PronType=Art 8 det _ Gloss=(the)|Ref=EST_9:20!5|MId=o170090200051|Strong=1886a|Type=definite_article 8 אֵ֑לֶּה אֵלֶּה DET _ Gender=Com|Number=Plur|PronType=Dem 6 det _ Gloss=these|Ref=EST_9:20!5|MId=o170090200052|Strong=0428|Type=demonstrative 9-10 וַיִּשְׁלַ֨ח _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 9 וַ וְ CCONJ _ _ 10 cc _ Gloss=and|Ref=EST_9:20!6|MId=o170090200061|Strong=2050b 10 יִּשְׁלַ֨ח שָׁלַח VERB _ Gender=Masc|HebBinyan=QAL|Number=Sing|Person=3 2 conj _ Gloss=he.sent.out|Ref=EST_9:20!6|MId=o170090200062|Strong=7971|Frame=A0:170090200021;A1:170090200071;|Type=wayyiqtol 11 סְפָרִ֜ים סֵפֶר NOUN _ Gender=Masc|Number=Plur 10 obj _ Gloss=letters|Ref=EST_9:20!7|MId=o170090200071|Strong=5612 12 אֶל־ אֶל ADP _ _ 13 case _ Gloss=to|Ref=EST_9:20!8|MId=o170090200081|Strong=0413|SpaceAfter=No 13 כָּל־ כֹּל NOUN _ Gender=Masc|Number=Sing 10 obl _ Gloss=all|Ref=EST_9:20!9|MId=o170090200091|Strong=3605|SpaceAfter=No 14-15 הַיְּהוּדִ֗ים _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 14 הַ הַ DET _ PronType=Art 15 det _ Gloss=the|Ref=EST_9:20!10|MId=o170090200101|Strong=1886a|Type=definite_article 15 יְּהוּדִ֗ים יְהוּדִי NOUN _ Gender=Masc|Number=Plur 13 compound:smixut _ Gloss=Jews|Ref=EST_9:20!10|MId=o170090200102|Strong=3064|Type=gentilic 16 אֲשֶׁר֙ אֲשֶׁר SCONJ _ _ 18 mark _ Gloss=who|Ref=EST_9:20!11|MId=o170090200111|Strong=0834|Type=relative 17-18 בְּכָל־ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 17 בְּ בְּ ADP _ _ 18 case _ Gloss=[were].in|Ref=EST_9:20!12|MId=o170090200121|Strong=0871a 18 כָל־ כֹּל NOUN _ Gender=Masc|Number=Sing 13 acl:relcl _ Gloss=all|Ref=EST_9:20!12|MId=o170090200122|Strong=3605 19 מְדִינוֹת֙ מְדִינָה NOUN _ Gender=Fem|Number=Plur 18 compound:smixut _ Gloss=the.provinces|Ref=EST_9:20!13|MId=o170090200131|Strong=4082 20-21 הַמֶּ֣לֶךְ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 20 הַ הַ DET _ PronType=Art 21 det _ Gloss=of|Ref=EST_9:20!14|MId=o170090200141|Strong=1886a|Type=definite_article 21 מֶּ֣לֶךְ מֶלֶךְ NOUN _ Gender=Masc|Number=Sing 19 compound:smixut _ Gloss=the.king|Ref=EST_9:20!14|MId=o170090200142|Strong=4428 22 אֲחַשְׁוֵר֔וֹשׁ אֲחַשְׁוֵרוֹשׁ PROPN _ _ 21 appos _ Gloss=Ahasuerus|Ref=EST_9:20!15|MId=o170090200151|Strong=0325 23-24 הַקְּרוֹבִ֖ים _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 23 הַ הַ DET _ PronType=Art 24 det _ Gloss=(the)|Ref=EST_9:20!16|MId=o170090200161|Strong=1886a|Type=definite_article 24 קְּרוֹבִ֖ים קָרֹוב ADJ _ Gender=Masc|Number=Plur 15 amod _ Gloss=near|Ref=EST_9:20!16|MId=o170090200162|Strong=7138|Type=adjective 25-27 וְהָרְחוֹקִֽים _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 25 וְ וְ CCONJ _ _ 27 cc _ Gloss=and|Ref=EST_9:20!17|MId=o170090200171|Strong=2050b 26 הָ הַ DET _ PronType=Art 27 det _ Gloss=(the)|Ref=EST_9:20!17|MId=o170090200172|Strong=1886a|Type=definite_article 27 רְחוֹקִֽים רָחֹוק ADJ _ Gender=Masc|Number=Plur 24 conj _ Gloss=far|Ref=EST_9:20!17|MId=o170090200173|Strong=7350|Type=adjective 28 ׃ ׃ PUNCT _ _ 27 punct _ Ref=EST_9:20!17 ``` ## Pragmatics {#pragmatics} - form: statement - act: narrate - voice: narrator - speech: narration - negation: no | verb | form · stem | who (A0) | what, whom (A1) | to whom, further (A2) | who makes it happen (AA) | | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | | יִּכְתֹּב *he wrote* | wayyiqtol · qal | מָרְדֳּכַי *Mordecai* | דְּבָרִים *words* | | | | יִּשְׁלַח *he sent out* | wayyiqtol · qal | מָרְדֳּכַי *Mordecai* | סְפָרִים *letters* | | | MACULA's semantic frames: for each verb the head word of each participant. A0 is the one who acts, A1 what the act is done to or is about, A2 a further participant; AA, with a causative verb, the one who makes it happen. ## The Targum {#onkelos} וּכְתַב מָרְדְכַי יַת פִּתְגָמַיָא הָאִלֵין וּשְׁדַר פִּטְקִין לְוַת כָּל יְהוּדָאִין דִי בְּכָל פִּילְכֵי דְמַלְכָּא אֲחַשְׁוֵרוֹשׁ דִקְרִיבִין וְדִרְחִיקִין: The Aramaic translation read beside the Hebrew. Text only: Mova has no Aramaic parser yet. ## English, JPS 1917 {#english} Each sentence on its own page, with its tree and pragmatics. A sentence that runs on into the next verse is listed under the verse it begins in. 1. [And Mordecai wrote these things, and sent letters unto all the Jews that were in all the provinces of the king Ahasuerus, both nigh and far,](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/ketuvim/jps/EST.166/) **Hebrew text:** Westminster Leningrad Codex, public domain. **Tree, glosses and frames:** MACULA Hebrew Linguistic Datasets, available at [github.com/Clear-Bible/macula-hebrew](https://github.com/Clear-Bible/macula-hebrew/), [CC BY 4.0](https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/); converted to Universal Dependencies by Mova (words in text order, a prefix its own word). **Speech act:** Mova's rules on the MACULA words (`macula prag`). **Targum:** Onkelos (Torat Emet), Jonathan and the Writings (Mikraot Gedolot), from Sefaria, public domain. **English:** JPS 1917, public domain; trees and speech acts by Mova's cycle, frames by Mova's reader (Elamur Cosmic License). Hebrew sentence `wlc:EST:151`. - ← previous: [Esther 9:19](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/ketuvim/EST.9.19/) - next →: [Esther 9:21](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/ketuvim/EST.9.21/) - ↑ back to [Esther 9](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/ketuvim/EST/9/)