--- title: Esther 9:22 — the days wherein the Jews had rest from their enemies, and the month… · Hebrew, tree and pragmatics description: the days wherein the Jews had rest from their enemies, and the month which was turned unto them from sorrow to gladness, and from mourning into a good day; that they should make them days of feasting and gladness, and of sending portions one to another, and gifts to the poor. Who acts: Jews. Esther --- [Mova](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) · [this page in HTML](https://mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/ketuvim/EST.9.22/) [home](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) / [corpora](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/) / [Tanakh](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/tanakh/) / [Ketuvim](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/ketuvim/) / [Esther](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/ketuvim/EST/) / [chapter 9](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/ketuvim/EST/9/) / 9:22 # Esther 9:22 אֶסְתֵּר **Who acts:** Jews · **What happens:** have, turn, make, send · **To what, where:** rest, enemies, month, sorrow, portions This is Esther 9:22 from Mova's open Bible corpus, the Tanakh in three languages (Ketuvim — the Writings). The page gives the verse in Hebrew as the Westminster Leningrad Codex has it, its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, built from MACULA Hebrew — and its pragmatics: who acts — Jews — and what happens in the verse to rest, enemies, month, sorrow, portions, read clause by clause by Mova's frames. Beside it stand the Aramaic of the Targum and the English of the Jewish Publication Society's 1917 translation, each English sentence with a tree of its own. It is one of the 10 chapters of Esther on this site, all built by Mova itself from its own trees, with no large model in between. כַּיָּמִ֗ים אֲשֶׁר־נָ֨חוּ בָהֶ֤ם הַיְּהוּדִים֙ מֵא֣וֹיְבֵיהֶ֔ם וְהַחֹ֗דֶשׁ אֲשֶׁר֩ נֶהְפַּ֨ךְ לָהֶ֤ם מִיָּגוֹן֙ לְשִׂמְחָ֔ה וּמֵאֵ֖בֶל לְי֣וֹם ט֑וֹב לַעֲשׂ֣וֹת אוֹתָ֗ם יְמֵי֙ מִשְׁתֶּ֣ה וְשִׂמְחָ֔ה וּמִשְׁל֤וֹחַ מָנוֹת֙ אִ֣ישׁ לְרֵעֵ֔הוּ וּמַתָּנ֖וֹת לָֽאֶבְיוֹנִֽים׃ [the days wherein the Jews had rest from their enemies, and the month which was turned unto them from sorrow to gladness, and from mourning into a good day; that they should make them days of feasting and gladness, and of sending portions one to another, and gifts to the poor.](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/ketuvim/jps/EST.168/) ## The tree {#tree} Right to left, as the Hebrew is read; a prefix or suffix is a word of its own, and a line under the words joins those written as one. Under each word its part of speech and MACULA's English gloss. ```conllu rtl gloss # sent_id = wlc:EST:153 # text = כַּיָּמִ֗ים אֲשֶׁר־נָ֨חוּ בָהֶ֤ם הַיְּהוּדִים֙ מֵא֣וֹיְבֵיהֶ֔ם וְהַחֹ֗דֶשׁ אֲשֶׁר֩ נֶהְפַּ֨ךְ לָהֶ֤ם מִיָּגוֹן֙ לְשִׂמְחָ֔ה וּמֵאֵ֖בֶל לְי֣וֹם ט֑וֹב לַעֲשׂ֣וֹת אוֹתָ֗ם יְמֵי֙ מִשְׁתֶּ֣ה וְשִׂמְחָ֔ה וּמִשְׁל֤וֹחַ מָנוֹת֙ אִ֣ישׁ לְרֵעֵ֔הוּ וּמַתָּנ֖וֹת לָֽאֶבְיוֹנִֽים׃ # verse = EST.9.22 1-3 כַּיָּמִ֗ים _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 1 כַּ כְּ ADP _ _ 3 case _ Gloss=like|Ref=EST_9:22!1|MId=o170090220011|Strong=3509a 2 ה הַ DET _ PronType=Art 3 det _ Gloss=the|Ref=EST_9:22!1|MId=o170090220011ה|Strong=1886a|Type=definite_article 3 יָּמִ֗ים יוֹם NOUN _ Gender=Masc|Number=Plur 0 root _ Gloss=days|Ref=EST_9:22!1|MId=o170090220012|Strong=3117 4 אֲשֶׁר־ אֲשֶׁר SCONJ _ _ 5 mark _ Gloss=when|Ref=EST_9:22!2|MId=o170090220021|Strong=0834|Type=relative|SpaceAfter=No 5 נָ֨חוּ נוּחַ VERB _ Gender=Com|HebBinyan=QAL|Number=Plur|Person=3 3 acl:relcl _ Gloss=they.had.rest|Ref=EST_9:22!3|MId=o170090220031|Strong=5117|Frame=A0:170090220052;|Type=qatal 6-7 בָהֶ֤ם _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 6 ב בְּ ADP _ _ 7 case _ Gloss=on|Ref=EST_9:22!4|MId=o170090220041|Strong=0871a 7 ָהֶ֤ם הוּא PRON _ Gender=Masc|Number=Plur|Person=3|PronType=Prs 5 obl _ Gloss=them|Ref=EST_9:22!4|MId=o170090220042|Strong=3963a|Type=pronominal 8-9 הַיְּהוּדִים֙ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 8 הַ הַ DET _ PronType=Art 9 det _ Gloss=the|Ref=EST_9:22!5|MId=o170090220051|Strong=1886a|Type=definite_article 9 יְּהוּדִים֙ יְהוּדִי NOUN _ Gender=Masc|Number=Plur 5 nsubj _ Gloss=Jews|Ref=EST_9:22!5|MId=o170090220052|Strong=3064|Type=gentilic 10-12 מֵא֣וֹיְבֵיהֶ֔ם _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 10 מֵ מִן ADP _ _ 11 case _ Gloss=from|Ref=EST_9:22!6|MId=o170090220061|Strong=4480 11 א֣וֹיְבֵי אָיַב NOUN _ Gender=Masc|HebBinyan=QAL|Number=Plur 5 obl _ Gloss=enemies|Ref=EST_9:22!6|MId=o170090220062|Strong=0341|Type=participle_active 12 הֶ֔ם הוּא PRON _ Gender=Masc|Number=Plur|Person=3|PronType=Prs 11 nmod:poss _ Gloss=their|Ref=EST_9:22!6|MId=o170090220063|Strong=3963a|Type=pronominal 13-15 וְהַחֹ֗דֶשׁ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 13 וְ וְ CCONJ _ _ 15 cc _ Gloss=and|Ref=EST_9:22!7|MId=o170090220071|Strong=2050b 14 הַ הַ DET _ PronType=Art 15 det _ Gloss=the|Ref=EST_9:22!7|MId=o170090220072|Strong=1886a|Type=definite_article 15 חֹ֗דֶשׁ חֹדֶשׁ NOUN _ Gender=Masc|Number=Sing 3 conj _ Gloss=month|Ref=EST_9:22!7|MId=o170090220073|Strong=2320 16 אֲשֶׁר֩ אֲשֶׁר SCONJ _ _ 17 mark _ Gloss=when|Ref=EST_9:22!8|MId=o170090220081|Strong=0834|Type=relative 17 נֶהְפַּ֨ךְ הָפַךְ VERB _ Gender=Masc|HebBinyan=NIPHAL|Number=Sing|Person=3 15 acl:relcl _ Gloss=it.was.changed|Ref=EST_9:22!9|MId=o170090220091|Strong=2015|Frame=A1:170090220073;|Type=qatal 18-19 לָהֶ֤ם _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 18 ל לְ ADP _ _ 19 case _ Gloss=for|Ref=EST_9:22!10|MId=o170090220101|Strong=3807a 19 ָהֶ֤ם הוּא PRON _ Gender=Masc|Number=Plur|Person=3|PronType=Prs 17 obl _ Gloss=them|Ref=EST_9:22!10|MId=o170090220102|Strong=3963a|Type=pronominal 20-21 מִיָּגוֹן֙ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 20 מִ מִן ADP _ _ 21 case _ Gloss=from|Ref=EST_9:22!11|MId=o170090220111|Strong=4480 21 יָּגוֹן֙ יָגוֹן NOUN _ Gender=Masc|Number=Sing 17 obl _ Gloss=sorrow|Ref=EST_9:22!11|MId=o170090220112|Strong=3015 22-23 לְשִׂמְחָ֔ה _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 22 לְ לְ ADP _ _ 23 case _ Gloss=into|Ref=EST_9:22!12|MId=o170090220121|Strong=3807a 23 שִׂמְחָ֔ה שִׂמְחָה NOUN _ Gender=Fem|Number=Sing 21 conj _ Gloss=joy|Ref=EST_9:22!12|MId=o170090220122|Strong=8057 24-26 וּמֵאֵ֖בֶל _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 24 וּ וְ CCONJ _ _ 26 cc _ Gloss=and|Ref=EST_9:22!13|MId=o170090220131|Strong=2050b 25 מֵ מִן ADP _ _ 26 case _ Gloss=from|Ref=EST_9:22!13|MId=o170090220132|Strong=4480 26 אֵ֖בֶל אֵבֶל NOUN _ Gender=Masc|Number=Sing 21 conj _ Gloss=mourning|Ref=EST_9:22!13|MId=o170090220133|Strong=0060 27-28 לְי֣וֹם _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 27 לְ לְ ADP _ _ 28 case _ Gloss=into|Ref=EST_9:22!14|MId=o170090220141|Strong=3807a 28 י֣וֹם יוֹם NOUN _ Gender=Masc|Number=Sing 26 conj _ Gloss=a.day|Ref=EST_9:22!14|MId=o170090220142|Strong=3117 29 ט֑וֹב טוֹב ADJ _ Gender=Masc|Number=Sing 28 amod _ Gloss=good|Ref=EST_9:22!15|MId=o170090220151|Strong=2896|Type=adjective 30-31 לַעֲשׂ֣וֹת _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 30 לַ לְ ADP _ _ 31 case _ Gloss=to|Ref=EST_9:22!16|MId=o170090220161|Strong=3807a 31 עֲשׂ֣וֹת עָשָׂה VERB _ HebBinyan=QAL 3 parataxis _ Gloss=make|Ref=EST_9:22!16|MId=o170090220162|Strong=6213|Frame=A0:170090220052;A1:170090220172;|Type=infinitive_construct 32-33 אוֹתָ֗ם _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 32 אוֹת אֵת ADP _ _ 33 case _ Gloss=|Ref=EST_9:22!17|MId=o170090220171|Strong=0853|Type=direct_object_marker 33 ָ֗ם הוּא PRON _ Gender=Masc|Number=Plur|Person=3|PronType=Prs 31 obj _ Gloss=them|Ref=EST_9:22!17|MId=o170090220172|Strong=3963a|Type=pronominal 34 יְמֵי֙ יוֹם NOUN _ Gender=Masc|Number=Plur 31 xcomp _ Gloss=days|Ref=EST_9:22!18|MId=o170090220181|Strong=3117 35 מִשְׁתֶּ֣ה מִשְׁתֶּה NOUN _ Gender=Masc|Number=Sing 34 compound:smixut _ Gloss=of.feast|Ref=EST_9:22!19|MId=o170090220191|Strong=4960 36-37 וְשִׂמְחָ֔ה _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 36 וְ וְ CCONJ _ _ 37 cc _ Gloss=and|Ref=EST_9:22!20|MId=o170090220201|Strong=2050b 37 שִׂמְחָ֔ה שִׂמְחָה NOUN _ Gender=Fem|Number=Sing 35 conj _ Gloss=joy|Ref=EST_9:22!20|MId=o170090220202|Strong=8057 38-39 וּמִשְׁל֤וֹחַ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 38 וּ וְ CCONJ _ _ 39 cc _ Gloss=and.[the]|Ref=EST_9:22!21|MId=o170090220211|Strong=2050b 39 מִשְׁל֤וֹחַ מִשְׁלוֹחַ NOUN _ Gender=Masc|Number=Sing 35 conj _ Gloss=sending|Ref=EST_9:22!21|MId=o170090220212|Strong=4916a 40 מָנוֹת֙ מָנָה NOUN _ Gender=Fem|Number=Plur 39 compound:smixut _ Gloss=of.portions|Ref=EST_9:22!22|MId=o170090220221|Strong=4490 41 אִ֣ישׁ אִישׁ NOUN _ Gender=Masc|Number=Sing 39 advmod _ Gloss=each|Ref=EST_9:22!23|MId=o170090220231|Strong=0376 42-44 לְרֵעֵ֔הוּ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 42 לְ לְ ADP _ _ 43 case _ Gloss=to|Ref=EST_9:22!24|MId=o170090220241|Strong=3807a 43 רֵע רֵעַ NOUN _ Gender=Masc|Number=Sing 41 nmod _ Gloss=neighbor|Ref=EST_9:22!24|MId=o170090220242|Strong=7453 44 ֵ֔הוּ הוּא PRON _ Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs 43 nmod:poss _ Gloss=his|Ref=EST_9:22!24|MId=o170090220243|Strong=1930a|Type=pronominal 45-46 וּמַתָּנ֖וֹת _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 45 וּ וְ CCONJ _ _ 46 cc _ Gloss=and|Ref=EST_9:22!25|MId=o170090220251|Strong=2050b 46 מַתָּנ֖וֹת מַתָּנָה NOUN _ Gender=Fem|Number=Plur 35 conj _ Gloss=gifts|Ref=EST_9:22!25|MId=o170090220252|Strong=4979 47-49 לָֽאֶבְיוֹנִֽים _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 47 לָֽ לְ ADP _ _ 49 case _ Gloss=to|Ref=EST_9:22!26|MId=o170090220261|Strong=3807a 48 ה הַ DET _ PronType=Art 49 det _ Gloss=the.needy|Ref=EST_9:22!26|MId=o170090220261ה|Strong=1886a|Type=definite_article 49 אֶבְיוֹנִֽים אֶבְיוֹן ADJ _ Gender=Masc|Number=Plur 46 nmod _ Gloss=[people]|Ref=EST_9:22!26|MId=o170090220262|Strong=0034|Type=adjective 50 ׃ ׃ PUNCT _ _ 49 punct _ Ref=EST_9:22!26 ``` ## Pragmatics {#pragmatics} - form: statement - act: assert - voice: narrator - speech: narration - negation: no | verb | form · stem | who (A0) | what, whom (A1) | to whom, further (A2) | who makes it happen (AA) | | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | | נָחוּ *they had rest* | qatal · qal | יְּהוּדִים *Jews* | | | | | נֶהְפַּךְ *it was changed* | qatal · niphal | | חֹדֶשׁ *month* | | | | עֲשׂוֹת *make* | infinitive construct · qal | יְּהוּדִים *Jews* | ָם *them* | | | MACULA's semantic frames: for each verb the head word of each participant. A0 is the one who acts, A1 what the act is done to or is about, A2 a further participant; AA, with a causative verb, the one who makes it happen. ## The Targum {#onkelos} כִּזְמַן יוֹמַיָא דִי נָחוּ בְּהוֹן יְהוּדָאִין מִבַּעֲלֵי דְבָבֵיהוֹן וּבְיַרְחָא דִי אִתְהַפִּךְ לְהוֹן מִדָוָנָא לְחֶדְוָא וּמֵאֶבְלָא לְיוֹמָא טָבָא לְמֶעְבַּד יַתְהוֹן יוֹם מִשְׁתָּיָא וְחֶדְוָא וּלְשַׁדָרָא דוֹרוֹן אֵנָשׁ לְחַבְרֵיהּ וּמֶעָהָא דְצִדְקָתָא מַתְּנָן דַחֲשִׁיכֵי: The Aramaic translation read beside the Hebrew. Text only: Mova has no Aramaic parser yet. ## English, JPS 1917 {#english} Each sentence on its own page, with its tree and pragmatics. A sentence that runs on into the next verse is listed under the verse it begins in. 1. [the days wherein the Jews had rest from their enemies, and the month which was turned unto them from sorrow to gladness, and from mourning into a good day; that they should make them days of feasting and gladness, and of sending portions one to another, and gifts to the poor.](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/ketuvim/jps/EST.168/) **Hebrew text:** Westminster Leningrad Codex, public domain. **Tree, glosses and frames:** MACULA Hebrew Linguistic Datasets, available at [github.com/Clear-Bible/macula-hebrew](https://github.com/Clear-Bible/macula-hebrew/), [CC BY 4.0](https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/); converted to Universal Dependencies by Mova (words in text order, a prefix its own word). **Speech act:** Mova's rules on the MACULA words (`macula prag`). **Targum:** Onkelos (Torat Emet), Jonathan and the Writings (Mikraot Gedolot), from Sefaria, public domain. **English:** JPS 1917, public domain; trees and speech acts by Mova's cycle, frames by Mova's reader (Elamur Cosmic License). Hebrew sentence `wlc:EST:153`. - ← previous: [Esther 9:21](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/ketuvim/EST.9.21/) - next →: [Esther 9:23](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/ketuvim/EST.9.23/) - ↑ back to [Esther 9](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/ketuvim/EST/9/)