--- title: Esther 9:24 — because Haman the son of Hammedatha, the Agagite, the enemy of all t… · Hebrew, tree and pragmatics description: because Haman the son of Hammedatha, the Agagite, the enemy of all the Jews, had devised against the Jews to destroy them, and had cast pur, that is, the lot, to discomfit them, and to destroy them; Who acts: Haman, pur. Esther 9:24 in Hebrew with its dependency tree, the Targum, JPS 1917 and the pr --- [Mova](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) · [this page in HTML](https://mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/ketuvim/EST.9.24/) [home](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) / [corpora](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/) / [Tanakh](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/tanakh/) / [Ketuvim](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/ketuvim/) / [Esther](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/ketuvim/EST/) / [chapter 9](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/ketuvim/EST/9/) / 9:24 # Esther 9:24 אֶסְתֵּר **Who acts:** Haman, pur · **What happens:** devise, destroy, cast, be, discomfit · **To what, where:** Jews, pur, lot This is Esther 9:24 from Mova's open Bible corpus, the Tanakh in three languages (Ketuvim — the Writings). The page gives the verse in Hebrew as the Westminster Leningrad Codex has it, its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, built from MACULA Hebrew — and its pragmatics: who acts — Haman, pur — and what happens in the verse to Jews, pur, lot, read clause by clause by Mova's frames. Beside it stand the Aramaic of the Targum and the English of the Jewish Publication Society's 1917 translation, each English sentence with a tree of its own. It is one of the 10 chapters of Esther on this site, all built by Mova itself from its own trees, with no large model in between. כִּי֩ הָמָ֨ן בֶּֽן־הַמְּדָ֜תָא הָֽאֲגָגִ֗י צֹרֵר֙ כָּל־הַיְּהוּדִ֔ים חָשַׁ֥ב עַל־הַיְּהוּדִ֖ים לְאַבְּדָ֑ם וְהִפִּ֥יל פּוּר֙ ה֣וּא הַגּוֹרָ֔ל לְהֻמָּ֖ם וּֽלְאַבְּדָֽם׃ [because Haman the son of Hammedatha, the Agagite, the enemy of all the Jews, had devised against the Jews to destroy them, and had cast pur, that is, the lot, to discomfit them, and to destroy them;](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/ketuvim/jps/EST.170/) ## The tree {#tree} Right to left, as the Hebrew is read; a prefix or suffix is a word of its own, and a line under the words joins those written as one. Under each word its part of speech and MACULA's English gloss. ```conllu rtl gloss # sent_id = wlc:EST:155 # text = כִּי֩ הָמָ֨ן בֶּֽן־הַמְּדָ֜תָא הָֽאֲגָגִ֗י צֹרֵר֙ כָּל־הַיְּהוּדִ֔ים חָשַׁ֥ב עַל־הַיְּהוּדִ֖ים לְאַבְּדָ֑ם וְהִפִּ֥יל פּוּר֙ ה֣וּא הַגּוֹרָ֔ל לְהֻמָּ֖ם וּֽלְאַבְּדָֽם׃ # verse = EST.9.24 1 כִּי֩ כִּי SCONJ _ _ 11 mark _ Gloss=(dm)|Ref=EST_9:24!1|MId=o170090240011|Strong=3588 2 הָמָ֨ן הָמָן PROPN _ _ 11 nsubj _ Gloss=Haman|Ref=EST_9:24!2|MId=o170090240021|Strong=2001 3 בֶּֽן־ בֵּן NOUN _ Gender=Masc|Number=Sing 2 appos _ Gloss=the.son|Ref=EST_9:24!3|MId=o170090240031|Strong=1121|SpaceAfter=No 4 הַמְּדָ֜תָא הַמְּדָתָא PROPN _ _ 3 compound:smixut _ Gloss=of.Hammedatha|Ref=EST_9:24!4|MId=o170090240041|Strong=4099a 5-6 הָֽאֲגָגִ֗י _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 5 הָֽ הַ DET _ PronType=Art 6 det _ Gloss=the|Ref=EST_9:24!5|MId=o170090240051|Strong=1886a|Type=definite_article 6 אֲגָגִ֗י אֲגָגִי NOUN _ Gender=Masc|Number=Sing 2 appos _ Gloss=Agagite|Ref=EST_9:24!5|MId=o170090240052|Strong=0091|Type=gentilic 7 צֹרֵר֙ צָרַר VERB _ Gender=Masc|HebBinyan=QAL|Number=Sing 2 appos _ Gloss=the.harasser|Ref=EST_9:24!6|MId=o170090240061|Strong=6887a|Frame=A0:170090240021;A1:170090240082;|Type=participle_active 8 כָּל־ כֹּל NOUN _ Gender=Masc|Number=Sing 7 compound:smixut _ Gloss=of.all|Ref=EST_9:24!7|MId=o170090240071|Strong=3605|SpaceAfter=No 9-10 הַיְּהוּדִ֔ים _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 9 הַ הַ DET _ PronType=Art 10 det _ Gloss=the|Ref=EST_9:24!8|MId=o170090240081|Strong=1886a|Type=definite_article 10 יְּהוּדִ֔ים יְהוּדִי NOUN _ Gender=Masc|Number=Plur 8 compound:smixut _ Gloss=Jews|Ref=EST_9:24!8|MId=o170090240082|Strong=3064|Type=gentilic 11 חָשַׁ֥ב חָשַׁב VERB _ Gender=Masc|HebBinyan=QAL|Number=Sing|Person=3 0 root _ Gloss=he.had.planned|Ref=EST_9:24!9|MId=o170090240091|Strong=2803|Frame=A0:170090240021;|Type=qatal 12 עַל־ עַל ADP _ _ 14 case _ Gloss=on|Ref=EST_9:24!10|MId=o170090240101|Strong=5921|SpaceAfter=No 13-14 הַיְּהוּדִ֖ים _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 13 הַ הַ DET _ PronType=Art 14 det _ Gloss=the|Ref=EST_9:24!11|MId=o170090240111|Strong=1886a|Type=definite_article 14 יְּהוּדִ֖ים יְהוּדִי NOUN _ Gender=Masc|Number=Plur 11 obl _ Gloss=Jews|Ref=EST_9:24!11|MId=o170090240112|Strong=3064|Type=gentilic 15-17 לְאַבְּדָ֑ם _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 15 לְ לְ ADP _ _ 16 case _ Gloss=to|Ref=EST_9:24!12|MId=o170090240121|Strong=3807a 16 אַבְּד אָבַד VERB _ HebBinyan=PIEL 11 advcl _ Gloss=destroy|Ref=EST_9:24!12|MId=o170090240122|Strong=0006|Frame=A0:170090240021;A1:170090240123;|Type=infinitive_construct 17 ָ֑ם הוּא PRON _ Gender=Masc|Number=Plur|Person=3|PronType=Prs 16 obj _ Gloss=them|Ref=EST_9:24!12|MId=o170090240123|Strong=3963a|Type=pronominal 18-19 וְהִפִּ֥יל _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 18 וְ וְ CCONJ _ _ 19 cc _ Gloss=and|Ref=EST_9:24!13|MId=o170090240131|Strong=2050b 19 הִפִּ֥יל נָפַל VERB _ Gender=Masc|HebBinyan=HIPHIL|Number=Sing|Person=3 11 conj _ Gloss=he.had.cast|Ref=EST_9:24!13|MId=o170090240132|Strong=5307|Frame=AA:170090240021;A0:170090240141;|Type=qatal 20 פּוּר֙ פּוּר NOUN _ Gender=Masc|Number=Sing 19 obj _ Gloss=Pur|Ref=EST_9:24!14|MId=o170090240141|Strong=6332 21 ה֣וּא הוּא PRON _ Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs 23 nsubj _ Gloss=that|Ref=EST_9:24!15|MId=o170090240151|Strong=1931|Type=personal 22-23 הַגּוֹרָ֔ל _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 22 הַ הַ DET _ PronType=Art 23 det _ Gloss=[is].the|Ref=EST_9:24!16|MId=o170090240161|Strong=1886a|Type=definite_article 23 גּוֹרָ֔ל גּוֹרָל NOUN _ Gender=Masc|Number=Sing 20 acl _ Gloss=lot|Ref=EST_9:24!16|MId=o170090240162|Strong=1486 24-26 לְהֻמָּ֖ם _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 24 לְ לְ ADP _ _ 25 case _ Gloss=to|Ref=EST_9:24!17|MId=o170090240171|Strong=3807a 25 הֻמּ הָמַם VERB _ HebBinyan=QAL 19 advcl _ Gloss=disturb|Ref=EST_9:24!17|MId=o170090240172|Strong=2000|Frame=A0:170090240021;A1:170090240173;|Type=infinitive_construct 26 ָ֖ם הוּא PRON _ Gender=Masc|Number=Plur|Person=3|PronType=Prs 25 obj _ Gloss=them|Ref=EST_9:24!17|MId=o170090240173|Strong=3963a|Type=pronominal 27-30 וּֽלְאַבְּדָֽם _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 27 וּֽ וְ CCONJ _ _ 29 cc _ Gloss=and|Ref=EST_9:24!18|MId=o170090240181|Strong=2050b 28 לְ לְ ADP _ _ 29 case _ Gloss=to|Ref=EST_9:24!18|MId=o170090240182|Strong=3807a 29 אַבְּד אָבַד VERB _ HebBinyan=PIEL 25 conj _ Gloss=destroy|Ref=EST_9:24!18|MId=o170090240183|Strong=0006|Frame=A0:170090240021;A1:170090240184;|Type=infinitive_construct 30 ָֽם הוּא PRON _ Gender=Masc|Number=Plur|Person=3|PronType=Prs 29 obj _ Gloss=them|Ref=EST_9:24!18|MId=o170090240184|Strong=3963a|Type=pronominal 31 ׃ ׃ PUNCT _ _ 30 punct _ Ref=EST_9:24!18 ``` ## Pragmatics {#pragmatics} - form: statement - act: assert - voice: narrator - speech: narration - negation: no | verb | form · stem | who (A0) | what, whom (A1) | to whom, further (A2) | who makes it happen (AA) | | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | | צֹרֵר *the harasser* | participle active · qal | הָמָן *Haman* | יְּהוּדִים *Jews* | | | | חָשַׁב *he had planned* | qatal · qal | הָמָן *Haman* | | | | | אַבְּד *destroy* | infinitive construct · piel | הָמָן *Haman* | ָם *them* | | | | הִפִּיל *he had cast* | qatal · hiphil | פּוּר *Pur* | | | הָמָן *Haman* | | הֻמּ *disturb* | infinitive construct · qal | הָמָן *Haman* | ָם *them* | | | | אַבְּד *destroy* | infinitive construct · piel | הָמָן *Haman* | ָֽם *them* | | | MACULA's semantic frames: for each verb the head word of each participant. A0 is the one who acts, A1 what the act is done to or is about, A2 a further participant; AA, with a causative verb, the one who makes it happen. ## The Targum {#onkelos} אֲרוּם הָמָן בַּר הַמְדָתָא דְמִן יִחוּס דַאֲגָג מֵעִיק כָּל יְהוּדָאִין חֲשִׁיב עַל יְהוּדָאִין לְהוֹבָדוּתְהוֹן צְבַע פַּיְסָא אִיהוּ הוּא עַדְבָא לְשִׁגוּשֵׁיהוֹן וּלְהוֹבָדֵיהוֹן: The Aramaic translation read beside the Hebrew. Text only: Mova has no Aramaic parser yet. ## English, JPS 1917 {#english} Each sentence on its own page, with its tree and pragmatics. A sentence that runs on into the next verse is listed under the verse it begins in. 1. [because Haman the son of Hammedatha, the Agagite, the enemy of all the Jews, had devised against the Jews to destroy them, and had cast pur, that is, the lot, to discomfit them, and to destroy them;](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/ketuvim/jps/EST.170/) **Hebrew text:** Westminster Leningrad Codex, public domain. **Tree, glosses and frames:** MACULA Hebrew Linguistic Datasets, available at [github.com/Clear-Bible/macula-hebrew](https://github.com/Clear-Bible/macula-hebrew/), [CC BY 4.0](https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/); converted to Universal Dependencies by Mova (words in text order, a prefix its own word). **Speech act:** Mova's rules on the MACULA words (`macula prag`). **Targum:** Onkelos (Torat Emet), Jonathan and the Writings (Mikraot Gedolot), from Sefaria, public domain. **English:** JPS 1917, public domain; trees and speech acts by Mova's cycle, frames by Mova's reader (Elamur Cosmic License). Hebrew sentence `wlc:EST:155`. - ← previous: [Esther 9:23](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/ketuvim/EST.9.23/) - next →: [Esther 9:25](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/ketuvim/EST.9.25/) - ↑ back to [Esther 9](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/ketuvim/EST/9/)