--- title: Esther 9:25 — but when she came before the king, he commanded by letters that his… · Hebrew, tree and pragmatics description: but when she came before the king, he commanded by letters that his wicked device, which he had devised against the Jews, should return upon his own head; and that he and his sons should be hanged on the gallows. Who acts: Haman, king, device, wicked device. Esther 9:25 in Hebrew with its dependency --- [Mova](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) · [this page in HTML](https://mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/ketuvim/EST.9.25/) [home](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) / [corpora](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/) / [Tanakh](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/tanakh/) / [Ketuvim](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/ketuvim/) / [Esther](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/ketuvim/EST/) / [chapter 9](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/ketuvim/EST/9/) / 9:25 # Esther 9:25 אֶסְתֵּר **Who acts:** Haman, king, device, wicked device · **What happens:** come, command, devise, return, hang · **To what, where:** wicked device, device, gallows · **Speech:** someone speaks in this verse This is Esther 9:25 from Mova's open Bible corpus, the Tanakh in three languages (Ketuvim — the Writings). The page gives the verse in Hebrew as the Westminster Leningrad Codex has it, its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, built from MACULA Hebrew — and its pragmatics: who acts — Haman, king, device, wicked device — and what happens in the verse to wicked device, device, gallows, read clause by clause by Mova's frames. Beside it stand the Aramaic of the Targum and the English of the Jewish Publication Society's 1917 translation, each English sentence with a tree of its own. It is one of the 10 chapters of Esther on this site, all built by Mova itself from its own trees, with no large model in between. וּבְבֹאָהּ֮ לִפְנֵ֣י הַמֶּלֶךְ֒ אָמַ֣ר עִם־הַסֵּ֔פֶר יָשׁ֞וּב מַחֲשַׁבְתּ֧וֹ הָרָעָ֛ה אֲשֶׁר־חָשַׁ֥ב עַל־הַיְּהוּדִ֖ים עַל־רֹאשׁ֑וֹ וְתָל֥וּ אֹת֛וֹ וְאֶת־בָּנָ֖יו עַל־הָעֵֽץ׃ [but when she came before the king, he commanded by letters that his wicked device, which he had devised against the Jews, should return upon his own head; and that he and his sons should be hanged on the gallows.](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/ketuvim/jps/EST.171/) ## The tree {#tree} Right to left, as the Hebrew is read; a prefix or suffix is a word of its own, and a line under the words joins those written as one. Under each word its part of speech and MACULA's English gloss. ```conllu rtl gloss # sent_id = wlc:EST:156 # text = וּבְבֹאָהּ֮ לִפְנֵ֣י הַמֶּלֶךְ֒ אָמַ֣ר עִם־הַסֵּ֔פֶר יָשׁ֞וּב מַחֲשַׁבְתּ֧וֹ הָרָעָ֛ה אֲשֶׁר־חָשַׁ֥ב עַל־הַיְּהוּדִ֖ים עַל־רֹאשׁ֑וֹ וְתָל֥וּ אֹת֛וֹ וְאֶת־בָּנָ֖יו עַל־הָעֵֽץ׃ # verse = EST.9.25 1-4 וּבְבֹאָהּ֮ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 1 וּ וְ CCONJ _ _ 9 cc _ Gloss=and|Ref=EST_9:25!1|MId=o170090250011|Strong=2050b 2 בְ בְּ ADP _ _ 3 case _ Gloss=when|Ref=EST_9:25!1|MId=o170090250012|Strong=0871a 3 בֹא בּוֹא VERB _ HebBinyan=QAL 9 advcl _ Gloss=came|Ref=EST_9:25!1|MId=o170090250013|Strong=0935|Frame=A0:170090250014;|Type=infinitive_construct 4 ָהּ֮ הוּא PRON _ Gender=Fem|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs 3 nsubj _ Gloss=it|Ref=EST_9:25!1|MId=o170090250014|Strong=1886d|Type=pronominal 5-6 לִפְנֵ֣י _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 5 לִ לְ ADP _ _ 6 case _ Gloss=before|Ref=EST_9:25!2|MId=o170090250021|Strong=3807a 6 פְנֵ֣י פָּנֶה NOUN _ Number=Plur 3 obl _ Gloss=|Ref=EST_9:25!2|MId=o170090250022|Strong=6440 7-8 הַמֶּלֶךְ֒ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 7 הַ הַ DET _ PronType=Art 8 det _ Gloss=the|Ref=EST_9:25!3|MId=o170090250031|Strong=1886a|Type=definite_article 8 מֶּלֶךְ֒ מֶלֶךְ NOUN _ Gender=Masc|Number=Sing 6 compound:smixut _ Gloss=king|Ref=EST_9:25!3|MId=o170090250032|Strong=4428 9 אָמַ֣ר אָמַר VERB _ Gender=Masc|HebBinyan=QAL|Number=Sing|Person=3 0 root _ Gloss=he.said|Ref=EST_9:25!4|MId=o170090250041|Strong=0559|Frame=A0:170090250032;|Type=qatal 10 עִם־ עִם ADP _ _ 12 case _ Gloss=with|Ref=EST_9:25!5|MId=o170090250051|Strong=5973|SpaceAfter=No 11-12 הַסֵּ֔פֶר _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 11 הַ הַ DET _ PronType=Art 12 det _ Gloss=the|Ref=EST_9:25!6|MId=o170090250061|Strong=1886a|Type=definite_article 12 סֵּ֔פֶר סֵפֶר NOUN _ Gender=Masc|Number=Sing 9 obl _ Gloss=letter|Ref=EST_9:25!6|MId=o170090250062|Strong=5612 13 יָשׁ֞וּב שׁוּב VERB _ Gender=Masc|HebBinyan=QAL|Number=Sing|Person=3 9 ccomp _ Gloss=let.it.return|Ref=EST_9:25!7|MId=o170090250071|Strong=7725|Frame=A0:170090250081;|Type=yiqtol 14-15 מַחֲשַׁבְתּ֧וֹ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 14 מַחֲשַׁבְתּ מַחֲשֶׁבֶת NOUN _ Gender=Fem|Number=Sing 13 nsubj _ Gloss=plan|Ref=EST_9:25!8|MId=o170090250081|Strong=4284 15 ֧וֹ הוּא PRON _ Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs 14 nmod:poss _ Gloss=his|Ref=EST_9:25!8|MId=o170090250082|Strong=2050c|Type=pronominal 16-17 הָרָעָ֛ה _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 16 הָ הַ DET _ PronType=Art 17 det _ Gloss=(the)|Ref=EST_9:25!9|MId=o170090250091|Strong=1886a|Type=definite_article 17 רָעָ֛ה רַע ADJ _ Gender=Fem|Number=Sing 14 amod _ Gloss=evil|Ref=EST_9:25!9|MId=o170090250092|Strong=7451|Type=adjective 18 אֲשֶׁר־ אֲשֶׁר SCONJ _ _ 19 mark _ Gloss=which|Ref=EST_9:25!10|MId=o170090250101|Strong=0834|Type=relative|SpaceAfter=No 19 חָשַׁ֥ב חָשַׁב VERB _ Gender=Masc|HebBinyan=QAL|Number=Sing|Person=3 14 acl:relcl _ Gloss=he.had.planned|Ref=EST_9:25!11|MId=o170090250111|Strong=2803|Frame=A0:170090240021;A1:170090250081;|Type=qatal 20 עַל־ עַל ADP _ _ 22 case _ Gloss=on|Ref=EST_9:25!12|MId=o170090250121|Strong=5921|SpaceAfter=No 21-22 הַיְּהוּדִ֖ים _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 21 הַ הַ DET _ PronType=Art 22 det _ Gloss=the|Ref=EST_9:25!13|MId=o170090250131|Strong=1886a|Type=definite_article 22 יְּהוּדִ֖ים יְהוּדִי NOUN _ Gender=Masc|Number=Plur 19 obl _ Gloss=Jews|Ref=EST_9:25!13|MId=o170090250132|Strong=3064|Type=gentilic 23 עַל־ עַל ADP _ _ 24 case _ Gloss=on|Ref=EST_9:25!14|MId=o170090250141|Strong=5921|SpaceAfter=No 24-25 רֹאשׁ֑וֹ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 24 רֹאשׁ רֹאשׁ NOUN _ Gender=Masc|Number=Sing 13 obl _ Gloss=head|Ref=EST_9:25!15|MId=o170090250151|Strong=7218 25 ֑וֹ הוּא PRON _ Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs 24 nmod:poss _ Gloss=his.own|Ref=EST_9:25!15|MId=o170090250152|Strong=2050c|Type=pronominal 26-27 וְתָל֥וּ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 26 וְ וְ CCONJ _ _ 27 cc _ Gloss=and|Ref=EST_9:25!16|MId=o170090250161|Strong=2050b 27 תָל֥וּ תָּלָה VERB _ Gender=Com|HebBinyan=QAL|Number=Plur|Person=3 13 conj _ Gloss=people.will.hang|Ref=EST_9:25!16|MId=o170090250162|Strong=8518|Frame=A0:;A1:170090250172;170090250191;|Type=weqatal 28-29 אֹת֛וֹ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 28 אֹת אֵת ADP _ _ 29 case _ Gloss=|Ref=EST_9:25!17|MId=o170090250171|Strong=0853|Type=direct_object_marker 29 ֛וֹ הוּא PRON _ Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs 27 obj _ Gloss=him|Ref=EST_9:25!17|MId=o170090250172|Strong=2050c|Type=pronominal 30-31 וְאֶת־ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 30 וְ וְ CCONJ _ _ 32 cc _ Gloss=and|Ref=EST_9:25!18|MId=o170090250181|Strong=2050b 31 אֶת־ אֵת ADP _ _ 32 case _ Gloss=(et)|Ref=EST_9:25!18|MId=o170090250182|Strong=0853|Type=direct_object_marker 32-33 בָּנָ֖יו _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 32 בָּנָ֖י בֵּן NOUN _ Gender=Masc|Number=Plur 29 conj _ Gloss=sons|Ref=EST_9:25!19|MId=o170090250191|Strong=1121 33 ו הוּא PRON _ Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs 32 nmod:poss _ Gloss=his|Ref=EST_9:25!19|MId=o170090250192|Strong=2050c|Type=pronominal 34 עַל־ עַל ADP _ _ 36 case _ Gloss=on|Ref=EST_9:25!20|MId=o170090250201|Strong=5921|SpaceAfter=No 35-36 הָעֵֽץ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 35 הָ הַ DET _ PronType=Art 36 det _ Gloss=the|Ref=EST_9:25!21|MId=o170090250211|Strong=1886a|Type=definite_article 36 עֵֽץ עֵץ NOUN _ Gender=Masc|Number=Sing 27 obl _ Gloss=gallows|Ref=EST_9:25!21|MId=o170090250212|Strong=6086 37 ׃ ׃ PUNCT _ _ 36 punct _ Ref=EST_9:25!21 ``` ## Pragmatics {#pragmatics} - form: statement - act: assert - voice: character - speech: a frame and its quote - negation: no - the frame alone: decl · assert · none | verb | form · stem | who (A0) | what, whom (A1) | to whom, further (A2) | who makes it happen (AA) | | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | | בֹא *came* | infinitive construct · qal | ָהּ *it* | | | | | אָמַר *he said* | qatal · qal | מֶּלֶךְ *king* | | | | | יָשׁוּב *let it return* | yiqtol · qal | מַחֲשַׁבְתּ *plan* | | | | | חָשַׁב *he had planned* | qatal · qal | | מַחֲשַׁבְתּ *plan* | | | | תָלוּ *people will hang* | weqatal · qal | | וֹ *him* + בָּנָי *sons* | | | MACULA's semantic frames: for each verb the head word of each participant. A0 is the one who acts, A1 what the act is done to or is about, A2 a further participant; AA, with a causative verb, the one who makes it happen. ## The Targum {#onkelos} וְכַד עֲלַת אֶסְתֵּר קֳדָם מַלְכָּא אָמַר לָהּ מַלְכָּא יְתוּב זִמְיוֹנֵיהּ בִּישָׁא דַחֲשִׁיב לְמֶעֱבַּד לְמָרְדְכַי וְלִיהוּדָאִין עַל רֵישֵׁיהּ וְיִצְלְבוּן יָתֵיהּ וְיַת בְּנוֹי עַל קֵיסָא: The Aramaic translation read beside the Hebrew. Text only: Mova has no Aramaic parser yet. ## English, JPS 1917 {#english} Each sentence on its own page, with its tree and pragmatics. A sentence that runs on into the next verse is listed under the verse it begins in. 1. [but when she came before the king, he commanded by letters that his wicked device, which he had devised against the Jews, should return upon his own head; and that he and his sons should be hanged on the gallows.](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/ketuvim/jps/EST.171/) **Hebrew text:** Westminster Leningrad Codex, public domain. **Tree, glosses and frames:** MACULA Hebrew Linguistic Datasets, available at [github.com/Clear-Bible/macula-hebrew](https://github.com/Clear-Bible/macula-hebrew/), [CC BY 4.0](https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/); converted to Universal Dependencies by Mova (words in text order, a prefix its own word). **Speech act:** Mova's rules on the MACULA words (`macula prag`). **Targum:** Onkelos (Torat Emet), Jonathan and the Writings (Mikraot Gedolot), from Sefaria, public domain. **English:** JPS 1917, public domain; trees and speech acts by Mova's cycle, frames by Mova's reader (Elamur Cosmic License). Hebrew sentence `wlc:EST:156`. - ← previous: [Esther 9:24](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/ketuvim/EST.9.24/) - next →: [Esther 9:26](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/ketuvim/EST.9.26/) - ↑ back to [Esther 9](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/ketuvim/EST/9/)