--- title: Esther 9:28 — and that these days should be remembered and kept throughout every g… · Hebrew, tree and pragmatics description: and that these days should be remembered and kept throughout every generation, every family, every province, and every city; and that these days of Purim should not fail from among the Jews, nor the memorial of them perish from their seed. Who acts: days, memorial. Esther 9:28 in Hebrew with its dep --- [Mova](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) · [this page in HTML](https://mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/ketuvim/EST.9.28/) [home](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) / [corpora](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/) / [Tanakh](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/tanakh/) / [Ketuvim](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/ketuvim/) / [Esther](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/ketuvim/EST/) / [chapter 9](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/ketuvim/EST/9/) / 9:28 # Esther 9:28 אֶסְתֵּר **Who acts:** days, memorial · **What happens:** remember, keep, not fail, perish · **To what, where:** days, generation, Jews, seed This is Esther 9:28 from Mova's open Bible corpus, the Tanakh in three languages (Ketuvim — the Writings). The page gives the verse in Hebrew as the Westminster Leningrad Codex has it, its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, built from MACULA Hebrew — and its pragmatics: who acts — days, memorial — and what happens in the verse to days, generation, Jews, seed, read clause by clause by Mova's frames. Beside it stand the Aramaic of the Targum and the English of the Jewish Publication Society's 1917 translation, each English sentence with a tree of its own. It is one of the 10 chapters of Esther on this site, all built by Mova itself from its own trees, with no large model in between. וְהַיָּמִ֣ים הָ֠אֵלֶּה נִזְכָּרִ֨ים וְנַעֲשִׂ֜ים בְּכָל־דּ֣וֹר וָד֗וֹר מִשְׁפָּחָה֙ וּמִשְׁפָּחָ֔ה מְדִינָ֥ה וּמְדִינָ֖ה וְעִ֣יר וָעִ֑יר וִימֵ֞י הַפּוּרִ֣ים הָאֵ֗לֶּה לֹ֤א יַֽעַבְרוּ֙ מִתּ֣וֹךְ הַיְּהוּדִ֔ים וְזִכְרָ֖ם לֹא־יָס֥וּף מִזַּרְעָֽם׃ס [and that these days should be remembered and kept throughout every generation, every family, every province, and every city; and that these days of Purim should not fail from among the Jews, nor the memorial of them perish from their seed.](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/ketuvim/jps/EST.175/) ## The tree {#tree} Right to left, as the Hebrew is read; a prefix or suffix is a word of its own, and a line under the words joins those written as one. Under each word its part of speech and MACULA's English gloss. ```conllu rtl gloss # sent_id = wlc:EST:159 # text = וְהַיָּמִ֣ים הָ֠אֵלֶּה נִזְכָּרִ֨ים וְנַעֲשִׂ֜ים בְּכָל־דּ֣וֹר וָד֗וֹר מִשְׁפָּחָה֙ וּמִשְׁפָּחָ֔ה מְדִינָ֥ה וּמְדִינָ֖ה וְעִ֣יר וָעִ֑יר וִימֵ֞י הַפּוּרִ֣ים הָאֵ֗לֶּה לֹ֤א יַֽעַבְרוּ֙ מִתּ֣וֹךְ הַיְּהוּדִ֔ים וְזִכְרָ֖ם לֹא־יָס֥וּף מִזַּרְעָֽם׃ס # verse = EST.9.28 1-3 וְהַיָּמִ֣ים _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 1 וְ וְ CCONJ _ _ 6 cc _ Gloss=and|Ref=EST_9:28!1|MId=o170090280011|Strong=2050b 2 הַ הַ DET _ PronType=Art 3 det _ Gloss=the|Ref=EST_9:28!1|MId=o170090280012|Strong=1886a|Type=definite_article 3 יָּמִ֣ים יוֹם NOUN _ Gender=Masc|Number=Plur 6 nsubj _ Gloss=days|Ref=EST_9:28!1|MId=o170090280013|Strong=3117 4-5 הָ֠אֵלֶּה _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 4 הָ֠ הַ DET _ PronType=Art 5 det _ Gloss=(the)|Ref=EST_9:28!2|MId=o170090280021|Strong=1886a|Type=definite_article 5 אֵלֶּה אֵלֶּה DET _ Gender=Com|Number=Plur|PronType=Dem 3 det _ Gloss=these|Ref=EST_9:28!2|MId=o170090280022|Strong=0428|Type=demonstrative 6 נִזְכָּרִ֨ים זָכַר VERB _ Gender=Masc|HebBinyan=NIPHAL|Number=Plur 0 root _ Gloss=[were].remembered|Ref=EST_9:28!3|MId=o170090280031|Strong=2142|Frame=A1:170090280013;|Type=participle_passive 7-8 וְנַעֲשִׂ֜ים _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 7 וְ וְ CCONJ _ _ 8 cc _ Gloss=and|Ref=EST_9:28!4|MId=o170090280041|Strong=2050b 8 נַעֲשִׂ֜ים עָשָׂה VERB _ Gender=Masc|HebBinyan=NIPHAL|Number=Plur 6 conj _ Gloss=observed|Ref=EST_9:28!4|MId=o170090280042|Strong=6213|Frame=A1:170090280013;|Type=participle_passive 9-10 בְּכָל־ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 9 בְּ בְּ ADP _ _ 10 case _ Gloss=in|Ref=EST_9:28!5|MId=o170090280051|Strong=0871a 10 כָל־ כֹּל NOUN _ Gender=Masc|Number=Sing 6 obl _ Gloss=every|Ref=EST_9:28!5|MId=o170090280052|Strong=3605 11 דּ֣וֹר דּוֹר NOUN _ Gender=Masc|Number=Sing 10 compound:smixut _ Gloss=generation|Ref=EST_9:28!6|MId=o170090280061|Strong=1755 12-13 וָד֗וֹר _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 12 וָ וְ CCONJ _ _ 13 cc _ Gloss=and|Ref=EST_9:28!7|MId=o170090280071|Strong=2050b 13 ד֗וֹר דּוֹר NOUN _ Gender=Masc|Number=Sing 11 conj _ Gloss=generation|Ref=EST_9:28!7|MId=o170090280072|Strong=1755 14 מִשְׁפָּחָה֙ מִשְׁפָּחָה NOUN _ Gender=Fem|Number=Sing 11 conj _ Gloss=clan|Ref=EST_9:28!8|MId=o170090280081|Strong=4940 15-16 וּמִשְׁפָּחָ֔ה _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 15 וּ וְ CCONJ _ _ 16 cc _ Gloss=and|Ref=EST_9:28!9|MId=o170090280091|Strong=2050b 16 מִשְׁפָּחָ֔ה מִשְׁפָּחָה NOUN _ Gender=Fem|Number=Sing 14 conj _ Gloss=clan|Ref=EST_9:28!9|MId=o170090280092|Strong=4940 17 מְדִינָ֥ה מְדִינָה NOUN _ Gender=Fem|Number=Sing 11 conj _ Gloss=province|Ref=EST_9:28!10|MId=o170090280101|Strong=4082 18-19 וּמְדִינָ֖ה _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 18 וּ וְ CCONJ _ _ 19 cc _ Gloss=and|Ref=EST_9:28!11|MId=o170090280111|Strong=2050b 19 מְדִינָ֖ה מְדִינָה NOUN _ Gender=Fem|Number=Sing 17 conj _ Gloss=province|Ref=EST_9:28!11|MId=o170090280112|Strong=4082 20-21 וְעִ֣יר _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 20 וְ וְ CCONJ _ _ 21 cc _ Gloss=and|Ref=EST_9:28!12|MId=o170090280121|Strong=2050b 21 עִ֣יר עִיר NOUN _ Gender=Fem|Number=Sing 11 conj _ Gloss=city|Ref=EST_9:28!12|MId=o170090280122|Strong=5892 22-23 וָעִ֑יר _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 22 וָ וְ CCONJ _ _ 23 cc _ Gloss=and|Ref=EST_9:28!13|MId=o170090280131|Strong=2050b 23 עִ֑יר עִיר NOUN _ Gender=Fem|Number=Sing 21 conj _ Gloss=city|Ref=EST_9:28!13|MId=o170090280132|Strong=5892 24-25 וִימֵ֞י _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 24 וִ וְ CCONJ _ _ 31 cc _ Gloss=and|Ref=EST_9:28!14|MId=o170090280141|Strong=2050b 25 ימֵ֞י יוֹם NOUN _ Gender=Masc|Number=Plur 31 nsubj _ Gloss=the.days|Ref=EST_9:28!14|MId=o170090280142|Strong=3117 26-27 הַפּוּרִ֣ים _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 26 הַ הַ DET _ PronType=Art 27 det _ Gloss=of|Ref=EST_9:28!15|MId=o170090280151|Strong=1886a|Type=definite_article 27 פּוּרִ֣ים פּוּר PROPN _ _ 25 compound:smixut _ Gloss=the.Purim|Ref=EST_9:28!15|MId=o170090280152|Strong=6332 28-29 הָאֵ֗לֶּה _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 28 הָ הַ DET _ PronType=Art 29 det _ Gloss=(the)|Ref=EST_9:28!16|MId=o170090280161|Strong=1886a|Type=definite_article 29 אֵ֗לֶּה אֵלֶּה DET _ Gender=Com|Number=Plur|PronType=Dem 25 det _ Gloss=these|Ref=EST_9:28!16|MId=o170090280162|Strong=0428|Type=demonstrative 30 לֹ֤א לֹא ADV _ _ 31 advmod _ Gloss=not|Ref=EST_9:28!17|MId=o170090280171|Strong=3808|Type=negative 31 יַֽעַבְרוּ֙ עָבַר VERB _ Gender=Masc|HebBinyan=QAL|Number=Plur|Person=3 6 conj _ Gloss=they.will.pass.away|Ref=EST_9:28!18|MId=o170090280181|Strong=5674|Frame=A0:170090280142;|Type=yiqtol 32-33 מִתּ֣וֹךְ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 32 מִ מִן ADP _ _ 33 case _ Gloss=from|Ref=EST_9:28!19|MId=o170090280191|Strong=4480 33 תּ֣וֹךְ תָּוֶךְ NOUN _ Gender=Masc|Number=Sing 31 obl _ Gloss=among|Ref=EST_9:28!19|MId=o170090280192|Strong=8432 34-35 הַיְּהוּדִ֔ים _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 34 הַ הַ DET _ PronType=Art 35 det _ Gloss=the|Ref=EST_9:28!20|MId=o170090280201|Strong=1886a|Type=definite_article 35 יְּהוּדִ֔ים יְהוּדִי NOUN _ Gender=Masc|Number=Plur 33 compound:smixut _ Gloss=Jews|Ref=EST_9:28!20|MId=o170090280202|Strong=3064|Type=gentilic 36-38 וְזִכְרָ֖ם _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 36 וְ וְ CCONJ _ _ 40 cc _ Gloss=and|Ref=EST_9:28!21|MId=o170090280211|Strong=2050b 37 זִכְר זֵכֶר NOUN _ Gender=Masc|Number=Sing 40 nsubj _ Gloss=remembrance|Ref=EST_9:28!21|MId=o170090280212|Strong=2143 38 ָ֖ם הוּא PRON _ Gender=Masc|Number=Plur|Person=3|PronType=Prs 37 nmod:poss _ Gloss=their|Ref=EST_9:28!21|MId=o170090280213|Strong=3963a|Type=pronominal 39 לֹא־ לֹא ADV _ _ 40 advmod _ Gloss=not|Ref=EST_9:28!22|MId=o170090280221|Strong=3808|Type=negative|SpaceAfter=No 40 יָס֥וּף סוּף VERB _ Gender=Masc|HebBinyan=QAL|Number=Sing|Person=3 6 conj _ Gloss=it.will.come.to.an.end|Ref=EST_9:28!23|MId=o170090280231|Strong=5486|Frame=A0:170090280212;|Type=yiqtol 41-43 מִזַּרְעָֽם _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 41 מִ מִן ADP _ _ 42 case _ Gloss=from|Ref=EST_9:28!24|MId=o170090280241|Strong=4480 42 זַּרְע זֶרַע NOUN _ Gender=Masc|Number=Sing 40 obl _ Gloss=offspring|Ref=EST_9:28!24|MId=o170090280242|Strong=2233 43 ָֽם הוּא PRON _ Gender=Masc|Number=Plur|Person=3|PronType=Prs 42 nmod:poss _ Gloss=their|Ref=EST_9:28!24|MId=o170090280243|Strong=3963a|Type=pronominal 44 ׃ ׃ PUNCT _ _ 43 punct _ Ref=EST_9:28!24|SpaceAfter=No 45 ס ס PUNCT _ _ 43 punct _ Ref=EST_9:28!24 ``` ## Pragmatics {#pragmatics} - form: statement - act: assert - voice: narrator - speech: narration - negation: yes | verb | form · stem | who (A0) | what, whom (A1) | to whom, further (A2) | who makes it happen (AA) | | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | | נִזְכָּרִים *\[were\] remembered* | participle passive · niphal | | יָּמִים *days* | | | | נַעֲשִׂים *observed* | participle passive · niphal | | יָּמִים *days* | | | | **not** יַֽעַבְרוּ *they will pass away* | yiqtol · qal | ימֵי *the days* | | | | | **not** יָסוּף *it will come to an end* | yiqtol · qal | זִכְר *remembrance* | | | | MACULA's semantic frames: for each verb the head word of each participant. A0 is the one who acts, A1 what the act is done to or is about, A2 a further participant; AA, with a causative verb, the one who makes it happen. ## The Targum {#onkelos} וְיוֹמַיָא הָאִלֵין אִתְחַיָבוּ לְמֶהֱוֵי לְהוֹן דָכְרָנָא וּלְאִתְעֲבָדָא בְהוֹן מִשְׁתַּיָא בְּכָל דָרָא וְדָרָא יִחוּסָא דְכַהֲנֵי וְלֵיוָאֵי וִיחוּסָא דְכָל בֵּית יִשְׂרָאֵל דְשָׁרְיָן בְּכָל פִּלְכָא וּפִלְכָא וְדָיְרִין בְּכָל קַרְתָּא וְקַרְתָּא וְיוֹמֵי פּוּרַיָא הָאִלֵין לָא יַעַבְרוּן מִגוֹ יְהוּדָאִין וְדָכְרָנְהוֹן לָא יִשְׁתֵּיצֵי מִבְּנֵיהוֹן: The Aramaic translation read beside the Hebrew. Text only: Mova has no Aramaic parser yet. ## English, JPS 1917 {#english} Each sentence on its own page, with its tree and pragmatics. A sentence that runs on into the next verse is listed under the verse it begins in. 1. [and that these days should be remembered and kept throughout every generation, every family, every province, and every city; and that these days of Purim should not fail from among the Jews, nor the memorial of them perish from their seed.](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/ketuvim/jps/EST.175/) **Hebrew text:** Westminster Leningrad Codex, public domain. **Tree, glosses and frames:** MACULA Hebrew Linguistic Datasets, available at [github.com/Clear-Bible/macula-hebrew](https://github.com/Clear-Bible/macula-hebrew/), [CC BY 4.0](https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/); converted to Universal Dependencies by Mova (words in text order, a prefix its own word). **Speech act:** Mova's rules on the MACULA words (`macula prag`). **Targum:** Onkelos (Torat Emet), Jonathan and the Writings (Mikraot Gedolot), from Sefaria, public domain. **English:** JPS 1917, public domain; trees and speech acts by Mova's cycle, frames by Mova's reader (Elamur Cosmic License). Hebrew sentence `wlc:EST:159`. - ← previous: [Esther 9:27](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/ketuvim/EST.9.27/) - next →: [Esther 9:29](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/ketuvim/EST.9.29/) - ↑ back to [Esther 9](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/ketuvim/EST/9/)