--- title: Esther 9:3 — And all the princes of the provinces, and the satraps, and the gover… · Hebrew, tree and pragmatics description: And all the princes of the provinces, and the satraps, and the governors, and they that did the king's business, helped the Jews; because the fear of Mordecai was fallen upon them. Who acts: princes. Esther 9:3 in Hebrew with its dependency tree, the Targum, JPS 1917 and the pragmatics of every clau --- [Mova](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) · [this page in HTML](https://mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/ketuvim/EST.9.3/) [home](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) / [corpora](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/) / [Tanakh](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/tanakh/) / [Ketuvim](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/ketuvim/) / [Esther](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/ketuvim/EST/) / [chapter 9](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/ketuvim/EST/9/) / 9:3 # Esther 9:3 אֶסְתֵּר **Who acts:** princes · **What happens:** do, help, fall, fear · **To what, where:** business, Jews, fear, Mordecai This is Esther 9:3 from Mova's open Bible corpus, the Tanakh in three languages (Ketuvim — the Writings). The page gives the verse in Hebrew as the Westminster Leningrad Codex has it, its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, built from MACULA Hebrew — and its pragmatics: who acts — princes — and what happens in the verse to business, Jews, fear, Mordecai, read clause by clause by Mova's frames. Beside it stand the Aramaic of the Targum and the English of the Jewish Publication Society's 1917 translation, each English sentence with a tree of its own. It is one of the 10 chapters of Esther on this site, all built by Mova itself from its own trees, with no large model in between. וְכָל־שָׂרֵ֨י הַמְּדִינ֜וֹת וְהָאֲחַשְׁדַּרְפְּנִ֣ים וְהַפַּח֗וֹת וְעֹשֵׂ֤י הַמְּלָאכָה֙ אֲשֶׁ֣ר לַמֶּ֔לֶךְ מְנַשְּׂאִ֖ים אֶת־הַיְּהוּדִ֑ים כִּֽי־נָפַ֥ל פַּֽחַד־מָרְדֳּכַ֖י עֲלֵיהֶֽם׃ [And all the princes of the provinces, and the satraps, and the governors, and they that did the king's business, helped the Jews; because the fear of Mordecai was fallen upon them.](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/ketuvim/jps/EST.148/) ## The tree {#tree} Right to left, as the Hebrew is read; a prefix or suffix is a word of its own, and a line under the words joins those written as one. Under each word its part of speech and MACULA's English gloss. ```conllu rtl gloss # sent_id = wlc:EST:134 # text = וְכָל־שָׂרֵ֨י הַמְּדִינ֜וֹת וְהָאֲחַשְׁדַּרְפְּנִ֣ים וְהַפַּח֗וֹת וְעֹשֵׂ֤י הַמְּלָאכָה֙ אֲשֶׁ֣ר לַמֶּ֔לֶךְ מְנַשְּׂאִ֖ים אֶת־הַיְּהוּדִ֑ים כִּֽי־נָפַ֥ל פַּֽחַד־מָרְדֳּכַ֖י עֲלֵיהֶֽם׃ # verse = EST.9.3 1-2 וְכָל־ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 1 וְ וְ CCONJ _ _ 20 cc _ Gloss=and|Ref=EST_9:3!1|MId=o170090030011|Strong=2050b 2 כָל־ כֹּל NOUN _ Gender=Masc|Number=Sing 20 nsubj _ Gloss=all|Ref=EST_9:3!1|MId=o170090030012|Strong=3605 3 שָׂרֵ֨י שַׂר NOUN _ Gender=Masc|Number=Plur 2 compound:smixut _ Gloss=the.officials|Ref=EST_9:3!2|MId=o170090030021|Strong=8269 4-5 הַמְּדִינ֜וֹת _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 4 הַ הַ DET _ PronType=Art 5 det _ Gloss=of|Ref=EST_9:3!3|MId=o170090030031|Strong=1886a|Type=definite_article 5 מְּדִינ֜וֹת מְדִינָה NOUN _ Gender=Fem|Number=Plur 3 compound:smixut _ Gloss=the.provinces|Ref=EST_9:3!3|MId=o170090030032|Strong=4082 6-8 וְהָאֲחַשְׁדַּרְפְּנִ֣ים _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 6 וְ וְ CCONJ _ _ 8 cc _ Gloss=and|Ref=EST_9:3!4|MId=o170090030041|Strong=2050b 7 הָ הַ DET _ PronType=Art 8 det _ Gloss=the|Ref=EST_9:3!4|MId=o170090030042|Strong=1886a|Type=definite_article 8 אֲחַשְׁדַּרְפְּנִ֣ים אֲחַשְׁדַּרְפַּן NOUN _ Gender=Masc|Number=Plur 3 conj _ Gloss=satraps|Ref=EST_9:3!4|MId=o170090030043|Strong=0323 9-11 וְהַפַּח֗וֹת _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 9 וְ וְ CCONJ _ _ 11 cc _ Gloss=and|Ref=EST_9:3!5|MId=o170090030051|Strong=2050b 10 הַ הַ DET _ PronType=Art 11 det _ Gloss=the|Ref=EST_9:3!5|MId=o170090030052|Strong=1886a|Type=definite_article 11 פַּח֗וֹת פֶּחָה NOUN _ Gender=Masc|Number=Plur 3 conj _ Gloss=governors|Ref=EST_9:3!5|MId=o170090030053|Strong=6346 12-13 וְעֹשֵׂ֤י _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 12 וְ וְ CCONJ _ _ 13 cc _ Gloss=and|Ref=EST_9:3!6|MId=o170090030061|Strong=2050b 13 עֹשֵׂ֤י עָשָׂה VERB _ Gender=Masc|HebBinyan=QAL|Number=Plur 3 conj _ Gloss=the.doers|Ref=EST_9:3!6|MId=o170090030062|Strong=6213|Frame=A1:170090030072;|Type=participle_active 14-15 הַמְּלָאכָה֙ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 14 הַ הַ DET _ PronType=Art 15 det _ Gloss=of|Ref=EST_9:3!7|MId=o170090030071|Strong=1886a|Type=definite_article 15 מְּלָאכָה֙ מְלָאכָה NOUN _ Gender=Fem|Number=Sing 13 compound:smixut _ Gloss=the.work|Ref=EST_9:3!7|MId=o170090030072|Strong=4399 16 אֲשֶׁ֣ר אֲשֶׁר SCONJ _ _ 19 mark _ Gloss=which|Ref=EST_9:3!8|MId=o170090030081|Strong=0834|Type=relative 17-19 לַמֶּ֔לֶךְ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 17 לַ לְ ADP _ _ 19 case _ Gloss=[belonged].to|Ref=EST_9:3!9|MId=o170090030091|Strong=3807a 18 ה הַ DET _ PronType=Art 19 det _ Gloss=the|Ref=EST_9:3!9|MId=o170090030091ה|Strong=1886a|Type=definite_article 19 מֶּ֔לֶךְ מֶלֶךְ NOUN _ Gender=Masc|Number=Sing 13 acl:relcl _ Gloss=king|Ref=EST_9:3!9|MId=o170090030092|Strong=4428 20 מְנַשְּׂאִ֖ים נָשָׂא VERB _ Gender=Masc|HebBinyan=PIEL|Number=Plur 0 root _ Gloss=[were].supporting|Ref=EST_9:3!10|MId=o170090030101|Strong=5375|Frame=A0:170090030021;170090030043;170090030053;170090030062;A1:170090030122;|Type=participle_active 21 אֶת־ אֵת ADP _ _ 23 case _ Gloss=(et)|Ref=EST_9:3!11|MId=o170090030111|Strong=0853|Type=direct_object_marker|SpaceAfter=No 22-23 הַיְּהוּדִ֑ים _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 22 הַ הַ DET _ PronType=Art 23 det _ Gloss=the|Ref=EST_9:3!12|MId=o170090030121|Strong=1886a|Type=definite_article 23 יְּהוּדִ֑ים יְהוּדִי NOUN _ Gender=Masc|Number=Plur 20 obj _ Gloss=Jews|Ref=EST_9:3!12|MId=o170090030122|Strong=3064|Type=gentilic 24 כִּֽי־ כִּי SCONJ _ _ 25 mark _ Gloss=(dm)|Ref=EST_9:3!13|MId=o170090030131|Strong=3588|SpaceAfter=No 25 נָפַ֥ל נָפַל VERB _ Gender=Masc|HebBinyan=QAL|Number=Sing|Person=3 20 advcl _ Gloss=it.had.fallen|Ref=EST_9:3!14|MId=o170090030141|Strong=5307|Frame=A0:170090030151;|Type=qatal 26 פַּֽחַד־ פַּחַד NOUN _ Gender=Masc|Number=Sing 25 nsubj _ Gloss=the.dread|Ref=EST_9:3!15|MId=o170090030151|Strong=6343|SpaceAfter=No 27 מָרְדֳּכַ֖י מׇרְדֳּכַי PROPN _ _ 26 compound:smixut _ Gloss=of.Mordecai|Ref=EST_9:3!16|MId=o170090030161|Strong=4782 28-29 עֲלֵיהֶֽם _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 28 עֲלֵי עַל ADP _ _ 29 case _ Gloss=on|Ref=EST_9:3!17|MId=o170090030171|Strong=5921 29 הֶֽם הוּא PRON _ Gender=Masc|Number=Plur|Person=3|PronType=Prs 25 obl _ Gloss=them|Ref=EST_9:3!17|MId=o170090030172|Strong=3963a|Type=pronominal 30 ׃ ׃ PUNCT _ _ 29 punct _ Ref=EST_9:3!17 ``` ## Pragmatics {#pragmatics} - form: statement - act: assert - voice: narrator - speech: narration - negation: no | verb | form · stem | who (A0) | what, whom (A1) | to whom, further (A2) | who makes it happen (AA) | | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | | עֹשֵׂי *the doers* | participle active · qal | | מְּלָאכָה *the work* | | | | מְנַשְּׂאִים *\[were\] supporting* | participle active · piel | שָׂרֵי *the officials* + אֲחַשְׁדַּרְפְּנִים *satraps* + פַּחוֹת *governors* + עֹשֵׂי *the doers* | יְּהוּדִים *Jews* | | | | נָפַל *it had fallen* | qatal · qal | פַּֽחַד־ *the dread* | | | | MACULA's semantic frames: for each verb the head word of each participant. A0 is the one who acts, A1 what the act is done to or is about, A2 a further participant; AA, with a causative verb, the one who makes it happen. ## The Targum {#onkelos} וְכָל רַבָּנֵי פִלְכַיָא וְאִסְטַרְטִילוּסִין וְהֵיפַרְכִין וְעַבְדֵי עֲבִידְתָּא דִי לְמַלְכָּא מְמַנָן עֲלַוֵיהוֹן יַת יְהוּדָאִין אֲרוּם נְפַל פַּחְדָא דְמָרְדְכַי עֲלַוֵיהוֹן: The Aramaic translation read beside the Hebrew. Text only: Mova has no Aramaic parser yet. ## English, JPS 1917 {#english} Each sentence on its own page, with its tree and pragmatics. A sentence that runs on into the next verse is listed under the verse it begins in. 1. [And all the princes of the provinces, and the satraps, and the governors, and they that did the king's business, helped the Jews; because the fear of Mordecai was fallen upon them.](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/ketuvim/jps/EST.148/) **Hebrew text:** Westminster Leningrad Codex, public domain. **Tree, glosses and frames:** MACULA Hebrew Linguistic Datasets, available at [github.com/Clear-Bible/macula-hebrew](https://github.com/Clear-Bible/macula-hebrew/), [CC BY 4.0](https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/); converted to Universal Dependencies by Mova (words in text order, a prefix its own word). **Speech act:** Mova's rules on the MACULA words (`macula prag`). **Targum:** Onkelos (Torat Emet), Jonathan and the Writings (Mikraot Gedolot), from Sefaria, public domain. **English:** JPS 1917, public domain; trees and speech acts by Mova's cycle, frames by Mova's reader (Elamur Cosmic License). Hebrew sentence `wlc:EST:134`. - ← previous: [Esther 9:2](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/ketuvim/EST.9.2/) - next →: [Esther 9:4](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/ketuvim/EST.9.4/) - ↑ back to [Esther 9](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/ketuvim/EST/9/)