--- title: Ezra 4:11 — this is the copy of the letter that they sent unto him, even unto Ar… · Aramaic, tree and pragmatics description: this is the copy of the letter that they sent unto him, even unto Artaxerxes the king — thy servants the men beyond the River — and now Who acts: this, Rehum. Ezra 4:11 in Biblical Aramaic with its dependency tree, JPS 1917 and the pragmatics of every clause. --- [Mova](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) · [this page in HTML](https://mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/ketuvim/EZR.4.11/) [home](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) / [corpora](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/) / [Tanakh](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/tanakh/) / [Ketuvim](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/ketuvim/) / [Ezra](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/ketuvim/EZR/) / [chapter 4](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/ketuvim/EZR/4/) / 4:11 # Ezra 4:11 עֶזְרָא **Who acts:** this, Rehum · **What happens:** be, send · **To what, where:** copy, letter This is Ezra 4:11 from Mova's open Bible corpus, the Tanakh in three languages (Ketuvim — the Writings). The page gives the verse in Biblical Aramaic as the Westminster Leningrad Codex has it, its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, built from MACULA Aramaic — and its pragmatics: who acts — this, Rehum — and what happens in the verse to copy, letter, read clause by clause by Mova's frames. Beside it stand the English of the Jewish Publication Society's 1917 translation, each English sentence with a tree of its own. It is one of the 10 chapters of Ezra on this site, all built by Mova itself from its own trees, with no large model in between. דְּנָה֙ פַּרְשֶׁ֣גֶן אִגַּרְתָּ֔א דִּ֚י שְׁלַ֣חוּ עֲל֔וֹהִי עַל־אַרְתַּחְשַׁ֖שְׂתְּא מַלְכָּ֑א עַבְדָ֛יךְאֱנָ֥שׁ עֲבַֽר־נַהֲרָ֖ה וּכְעֶֽנֶת׃פ [this is the copy of the letter that they sent unto him, even unto Artaxerxes the king — thy servants the men beyond the River — and now](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/ketuvim/jps/EZR.106/) ## The tree {#tree} This verse is in Biblical Aramaic, as the book has it here; its tree is MACULA's Aramaic tree. Right to left, as it is read; a prefix or suffix is a word of its own, and a line under the words joins those written as one. Under each word its part of speech and MACULA's English gloss. ```conllu rtl gloss # sent_id = wlc-arc:EZR:3 # text = דְּנָה֙ פַּרְשֶׁ֣גֶן אִגַּרְתָּ֔א דִּ֚י שְׁלַ֣חוּ עֲל֔וֹהִי עַל־אַרְתַּחְשַׁ֖שְׂתְּא מַלְכָּ֑א עַבְדָ֛יךְאֱנָ֥שׁ עֲבַֽר־נַהֲרָ֖ה וּכְעֶֽנֶת׃פ # verse = EZR.4.11 1 דְּנָה֙ דְּנָה PRON _ Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|PronType=Dem 0 root _ Gloss=this|Ref=EZR_4:11!1|MId=o150040110011|Strong=1836|Lang=arc|Type=demonstrative 2 פַּרְשֶׁ֣גֶן פַּרְשֶׁגֶן NOUN _ Gender=Masc|Number=Sing 1 nsubj _ Gloss=[is].(the).copy|Ref=EZR_4:11!2|MId=o150040110021|Strong=6573|Lang=arc 3-4 אִגַּרְתָּ֔א _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 3 אִגַּרְתּ אִגְּרָה NOUN _ Gender=Fem|Number=Sing 2 compound:smixut _ Gloss=of|Ref=EZR_4:11!3|MId=o150040110031|Strong=0104|Lang=arc 4 ָ֔א א DET _ PronType=Art 3 det _ Gloss=the.letter|Ref=EZR_4:11!3|MId=o150040110032|Strong=0001b|Lang=arc|Type=definite_article 5 דִּ֚י דִּי SCONJ _ _ 6 mark _ Gloss=which|Ref=EZR_4:11!4|MId=o150040110041|Strong=1768|Lang=arc|Type=relative 6 שְׁלַ֣חוּ שְׁלַח VERB _ Gender=Masc|HebBinyan=PEAL|Number=Plur|Person=3 3 acl:relcl _ Gloss=they.sent|Ref=EZR_4:11!5|MId=o150040110051|Strong=7972|Lang=arc|Frame=A0:150040080011;150040080042;A1:150040110031;|Type=qatal 7-8 עֲל֔וֹהִי _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 7 עֲל֔וֹ עַל ADP _ _ 8 case _ Gloss=to|Ref=EZR_4:11!6|MId=o150040110061|Strong=5922|Lang=arc 8 הִי הוּא PRON _ Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs 6 obl _ Gloss=him|Ref=EZR_4:11!6|MId=o150040110062|Strong=1958b|Lang=arc|Type=pronominal 9 עַל־ עַל ADP _ _ 10 case _ Gloss=to|Ref=EZR_4:11!7|MId=o150040110071|Strong=5922|Lang=arc|SpaceAfter=No 10 אַרְתַּחְשַׁ֖שְׂתְּא אַרְתַּחְשַׁשְׂתְּא PROPN _ _ 1 parataxis _ Gloss=Artaxerxes|Ref=EZR_4:11!8|MId=o150040110081|Strong=0783a|Lang=arc 11-12 מַלְכָּ֑א _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 11 מַלְכּ מֶלֶךְ NOUN _ Gender=Masc|Number=Sing 10 appos _ Gloss=the|Ref=EZR_4:11!9|MId=o150040110091|Strong=4430|Lang=arc 12 ָ֑א א DET _ PronType=Art 11 det _ Gloss=king|Ref=EZR_4:11!9|MId=o150040110092|Strong=0001b|Lang=arc|Type=definite_article 13-15 עַבְדָ֛יךְאֱנָ֥שׁ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 13 עַבְדָ֛י עֲבַד NOUN _ Gender=Masc|Number=Plur 10 nsubj _ Gloss=servants|Ref=EZR_4:11!10|MId=o150040110101|Strong=5649|Lang=arc 14 ךְ הוּא PRON _ Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=2|PronType=Prs 13 nmod:poss _ Gloss=your|Ref=EZR_4:11!10|MId=o150040110102|Strong=3509e|Lang=arc|Type=pronominal 15 אֱנָ֥שׁ אֱנָשׁ NOUN _ Gender=Masc|Number=Sing 13 appos _ Gloss=the.man|Ref=EZR_4:11!11|MId=o150040110111|Strong=0606|Lang=arc 16 עֲבַֽר־ עֲבַר PROPN _ _ 15 compound:smixut _ Gloss=of.the.region.beyond|Ref=EZR_4:11!12|MId=o150040110121|Strong=5675|Lang=arc|SpaceAfter=No 17-18 נַהֲרָ֖ה _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 17 נַהֲר נְהַר PROPN _ _ 16 compound:smixut _ Gloss=the|Ref=EZR_4:11!13|MId=o150040110131|Strong=5103|Lang=arc 18 ָ֖ה ה DET _ PronType=Art 17 det _ Gloss=river|Ref=EZR_4:11!13|MId=o150040110132|Strong=0001b|Lang=arc|Type=definite_article 19-20 וּכְעֶֽנֶת _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 19 וּ וְ CCONJ _ _ 20 cc _ Gloss=and|Ref=EZR_4:11!14|MId=o150040110141|Strong=2050d|Lang=arc 20 כְעֶֽנֶת כְּעֶנֶת ADV _ _ 1 advmod _ Gloss=now|Ref=EZR_4:11!14|MId=o150040110142|Strong=3706|Lang=arc 21 ׃ ׃ PUNCT _ _ 20 punct _ Ref=EZR_4:11!14|SpaceAfter=No 22 פ פ PUNCT _ _ 20 punct _ Ref=EZR_4:11!14 ``` ## Pragmatics {#pragmatics} No stored speech act for this sentence. | verb | form · stem | who (A0) | what, whom (A1) | to whom, further (A2) | who makes it happen (AA) | | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | | שְׁלַחוּ *they sent* | qatal · peal | | אִגַּרְתּ *of* | | | MACULA's semantic frames: for each verb the head word of each participant. A0 is the one who acts, A1 what the act is done to or is about, A2 a further participant; AA, with a causative verb, the one who makes it happen. ## English, JPS 1917 {#english} Each sentence on its own page, with its tree and pragmatics. A sentence that runs on into the next verse is listed under the verse it begins in. 1. [this is the copy of the letter that they sent unto him, even unto Artaxerxes the king — thy servants the men beyond the River — and now](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/ketuvim/jps/EZR.106/) **Hebrew text:** Westminster Leningrad Codex, public domain. **Tree, glosses and frames:** MACULA Hebrew Linguistic Datasets, available at [github.com/Clear-Bible/macula-hebrew](https://github.com/Clear-Bible/macula-hebrew/), [CC BY 4.0](https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/); converted to Universal Dependencies by Mova (words in text order, a prefix its own word). **Speech act:** Mova's rules on the MACULA words (`macula prag`). **Targum:** Onkelos (Torat Emet), Jonathan and the Writings (Mikraot Gedolot), from Sefaria, public domain. **English:** JPS 1917, public domain; trees and speech acts by Mova's cycle, frames by Mova's reader (Elamur Cosmic License). Hebrew sentence `wlc-arc:EZR:3`. - ← previous: [Ezra 4:10](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/ketuvim/EZR.4.10/) - next →: [Ezra 4:12](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/ketuvim/EZR.4.12/) - ↑ back to [Ezra 4](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/ketuvim/EZR/4/)