--- title: Ezra 4:12 — be it known unto the king, that the Jews that came up from thee are… · Aramaic, tree and pragmatics description: be it known unto the king, that the Jews that came up from thee are come to us unto Jerusalem; they are building the rebellious and the bad city, and have finished the walls, and are digging out the foundations. Who acts: Jews. Ezra 4:12 in Biblical Aramaic with its dependency tree, JPS 1917 and the --- [Mova](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) · [this page in HTML](https://mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/ketuvim/EZR.4.12/) [home](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) / [corpora](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/) / [Tanakh](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/tanakh/) / [Ketuvim](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/ketuvim/) / [Ezra](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/ketuvim/EZR/) / [chapter 4](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/ketuvim/EZR/4/) / 4:12 # Ezra 4:12 עֶזְרָא **Who acts:** Jews · **What happens:** know, come up, come, build, finish, dig out · **To what, where:** River, thee, us, rebellious bad city, walls, foundations · **Speech:** someone speaks in this verse This is Ezra 4:12 from Mova's open Bible corpus, the Tanakh in three languages (Ketuvim — the Writings). The page gives the verse in Biblical Aramaic as the Westminster Leningrad Codex has it, its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, built from MACULA Aramaic — and its pragmatics: who acts — Jews — and what happens in the verse to River, thee, us, rebellious bad city, walls, foundations, read clause by clause by Mova's frames. Beside it stand the English of the Jewish Publication Society's 1917 translation, each English sentence with a tree of its own. It is one of the 10 chapters of Ezra on this site, all built by Mova itself from its own trees, with no large model in between. יְדִ֙יעַ֙ לֶהֱוֵ֣א לְמַלְכָּ֔א דִּ֣י יְהוּדָיֵ֗א דִּ֤י סְלִ֙קוּ֙ מִן־לְוָתָ֔ךְ עֲלֶ֥ינָא אֲת֖וֹ לִירוּשְׁלֶ֑ם קִרְיְתָ֨א מָֽרָדְתָּ֤א וּבִֽישְׁתָּא֙בָּנַ֔יִן וְשׁוּרַיָּ֣א שַׁכְלִ֔ילוּ וְאֻשַּׁיָּ֖א יַחִֽיטוּ׃ [be it known unto the king, that the Jews that came up from thee are come to us unto Jerusalem; they are building the rebellious and the bad city, and have finished the walls, and are digging out the foundations.](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/ketuvim/jps/EZR.107/) ## The tree {#tree} This verse is in Biblical Aramaic, as the book has it here; its tree is MACULA's Aramaic tree. Right to left, as it is read; a prefix or suffix is a word of its own, and a line under the words joins those written as one. Under each word its part of speech and MACULA's English gloss. ```conllu rtl gloss # sent_id = wlc-arc:EZR:4 # text = יְדִ֙יעַ֙ לֶהֱוֵ֣א לְמַלְכָּ֔א דִּ֣י יְהוּדָיֵ֗א דִּ֤י סְלִ֙קוּ֙ מִן־לְוָתָ֔ךְ עֲלֶ֥ינָא אֲת֖וֹ לִירוּשְׁלֶ֑ם קִרְיְתָ֨א מָֽרָדְתָּ֤א וּבִֽישְׁתָּא֙בָּנַ֔יִן וְשׁוּרַיָּ֣א שַׁכְלִ֔ילוּ וְאֻשַּׁיָּ֖א יַחִֽיטוּ׃ # verse = EZR.4.12 1 יְדִ֙יעַ֙ יְדַע VERB _ Gender=Masc|HebBinyan=PEIL|Number=Sing 0 root _ Gloss=known|Ref=EZR_4:12!1|MId=o150040120011|Strong=3046|Lang=arc|Frame=A1:150040120111;150040120171;150040120211;150040120231;|Type=participle_passive 2 לֶהֱוֵ֣א הוה VERB _ Gender=Masc|HebBinyan=PEAL|Number=Sing|Person=3 1 dep _ Gloss=let.it.be|Ref=EZR_4:12!2|MId=o150040120021|Strong=1934|Lang=arc|Type=yiqtol 3-5 לְמַלְכָּ֔א _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 3 לְ לְ ADP _ _ 4 case _ Gloss=to|Ref=EZR_4:12!3|MId=o150040120031|Strong=3807b|Lang=arc 4 מַלְכּ מֶלֶךְ NOUN _ Gender=Masc|Number=Sing 1 obl _ Gloss=the|Ref=EZR_4:12!3|MId=o150040120032|Strong=4430|Lang=arc 5 ָ֔א א DET _ PronType=Art 4 det _ Gloss=king|Ref=EZR_4:12!3|MId=o150040120033|Strong=0001b|Lang=arc|Type=definite_article 6 דִּ֣י דִּי SCONJ _ _ 16 mark _ Gloss=(diy).that|Ref=EZR_4:12!4|MId=o150040120041|Strong=1768|Lang=arc|Type=relative 7-8 יְהוּדָיֵ֗א _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 7 יְהוּדָי יְהוּדַי NOUN _ Gender=Masc|Number=Plur 16 nsubj _ Gloss=the|Ref=EZR_4:12!5|MId=o150040120051|Strong=3062|Lang=arc|Type=gentilic 8 ֵ֗א א DET _ PronType=Art 7 det _ Gloss=Jews|Ref=EZR_4:12!5|MId=o150040120052|Strong=0001b|Lang=arc|Type=definite_article 9 דִּ֤י דִּי SCONJ _ _ 10 mark _ Gloss=who|Ref=EZR_4:12!6|MId=o150040120061|Strong=1768|Lang=arc|Type=relative 10 סְלִ֙קוּ֙ סְלֵק VERB _ Gender=Masc|HebBinyan=PEAL|Number=Plur|Person=3 7 acl:relcl _ Gloss=they.came.up|Ref=EZR_4:12!7|MId=o150040120071|Strong=5559|Lang=arc|Frame=A0:150040120051;|Type=qatal 11 מִן־ מִן ADP _ _ 13 case _ Gloss=from|Ref=EZR_4:12!8|MId=o150040120081|Strong=4481|Lang=arc|SpaceAfter=No 12-13 לְוָתָ֔ךְ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 12 לְוָת לְוָת ADP _ _ 13 case _ Gloss=beside|Ref=EZR_4:12!9|MId=o150040120091|Strong=3890|Lang=arc 13 ָ֔ךְ הוּא PRON _ Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=2|PronType=Prs 10 obl _ Gloss=you|Ref=EZR_4:12!9|MId=o150040120092|Strong=3509e|Lang=arc|Type=pronominal 14-15 עֲלֶ֥ינָא _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 14 עֲלֶ֥י עַל ADP _ _ 15 case _ Gloss=to|Ref=EZR_4:12!10|MId=o150040120101|Strong=5922|Lang=arc 15 נָא הוּא PRON _ Gender=Com|Number=Plur|Person=1|PronType=Prs 10 obl _ Gloss=us|Ref=EZR_4:12!10|MId=o150040120102|Strong=4996b|Lang=arc|Type=pronominal 16 אֲת֖וֹ אֲתָה VERB _ Gender=Masc|HebBinyan=PEAL|Number=Plur|Person=3 1 acl:relcl _ Gloss=they.have.come|Ref=EZR_4:12!11|MId=o150040120111|Strong=0858|Lang=arc|Frame=A0:150040120051;|Type=qatal 17-18 לִירוּשְׁלֶ֑ם _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 17 לִ לְ ADP _ _ 18 case _ Gloss=to|Ref=EZR_4:12!12|MId=o150040120121|Strong=3807b|Lang=arc 18 ירוּשְׁלֶ֑ם יְרוּשְׁלֵם PROPN _ _ 16 obl _ Gloss=Jerusalem|Ref=EZR_4:12!12|MId=o150040120122|Strong=3390|Lang=arc 19-20 קִרְיְתָ֨א _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 19 קִרְיְת קִרְיָה NOUN _ Gender=Fem|Number=Sing 26 obj _ Gloss=the|Ref=EZR_4:12!13|MId=o150040120131|Strong=7149|Lang=arc 20 ָ֨א א DET _ PronType=Art 19 det _ Gloss=city|Ref=EZR_4:12!13|MId=o150040120132|Strong=0001b|Lang=arc|Type=definite_article 21-22 מָֽרָדְתָּ֤א _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 21 מָֽרָדְתּ מָרָד ADJ _ Gender=Fem|Number=Sing 19 amod _ Gloss=(the)|Ref=EZR_4:12!14|MId=o150040120141|Strong=4779|Lang=arc|Type=adjective 22 ָ֤א א DET _ PronType=Art 21 det _ Gloss=rebellious|Ref=EZR_4:12!14|MId=o150040120142|Strong=0001b|Lang=arc|Type=definite_article 23-26 וּבִֽישְׁתָּא֙בָּנַ֔יִן _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 23 וּ וְ CCONJ _ _ 24 cc _ Gloss=and|Ref=EZR_4:12!16|MId=o150040120161|Strong=2050d|Lang=arc 24 בִֽישְׁתּ בִּאישׁ ADJ _ Gender=Fem|Number=Sing 21 conj _ Gloss=(the)|Ref=EZR_4:12!16|MId=o150040120162|Strong=0873|Lang=arc|Type=adjective 25 ָא֙ א DET _ PronType=Art 24 det _ Gloss=evil|Ref=EZR_4:12!16|MId=o150040120163|Strong=0001b|Lang=arc|Type=definite_article 26 בָּנַ֔יִן בְּנָה VERB _ Gender=Masc|HebBinyan=PEAL|Number=Plur 16 parataxis _ Gloss=[they.are].building|Ref=EZR_4:12!17|MId=o150040120171|Strong=1124|Lang=arc|Frame=A0:150040120051;A1:150040120131;|Type=participle_active 27-29 וְשׁוּרַיָּ֣א _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 27 וְ וְ CCONJ _ _ 30 cc _ Gloss=and|Ref=EZR_4:12!19|MId=o150040120191|Strong=2050d|Lang=arc 28 שׁוּרַיּ שׁוּר NOUN _ Gender=Masc|Number=Plur 30 obj _ Gloss=the|Ref=EZR_4:12!19|MId=o150040120192|Strong=7792|Lang=arc 29 ָ֣א א DET _ PronType=Art 28 det _ Gloss=walls|Ref=EZR_4:12!19|MId=o150040120193|Strong=0001b|Lang=arc|Type=definite_article 30 שַׁכְלִ֔ילוּ כְּלַל VERB _ Gender=Masc|HebBinyan=SHAPHEL|Number=Plur|Person=3 16 conj _ Gloss=they.have.finished|Ref=EZR_4:12!21|MId=o150040120211|Strong=3635|Lang=arc|Frame=A0:150040120051;A1:150040120192;|Type=qatal 31-33 וְאֻשַּׁיָּ֖א _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 31 וְ וְ CCONJ _ _ 34 cc _ Gloss=and|Ref=EZR_4:12!22|MId=o150040120221|Strong=2050d|Lang=arc 32 אֻשַּׁיּ אֹשׁ NOUN _ Gender=Masc|Number=Plur 34 obj _ Gloss=the|Ref=EZR_4:12!22|MId=o150040120222|Strong=0787|Lang=arc 33 ָ֖א א DET _ PronType=Art 32 det _ Gloss=foundations|Ref=EZR_4:12!22|MId=o150040120223|Strong=0001b|Lang=arc|Type=definite_article 34 יַחִֽיטוּ יחט VERB _ Gender=Masc|HebBinyan=APHEL|Number=Plur|Person=3 16 conj _ Gloss=they.are.repairing|Ref=EZR_4:12!23|MId=o150040120231|Strong=2338|Lang=arc|Frame=A0:150040120051;A1:150040120222;|Type=yiqtol|SpaceAfter=No 35 ׃ ׃ PUNCT _ _ 34 punct _ Ref=EZR_4:12!23 ``` ## Pragmatics {#pragmatics} No stored speech act for this sentence. | verb | form · stem | who (A0) | what, whom (A1) | to whom, further (A2) | who makes it happen (AA) | | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | | יְדִיעַ *known* | participle passive · peil | | אֲתוֹ *they have come* + בָּנַיִן *\[they are\] building* + שַׁכְלִילוּ *they have finished* + יַחִֽיטוּ *they are repairing* | | | | סְלִקוּ *they came up* | qatal · peal | יְהוּדָי *the* | | | | | אֲתוֹ *they have come* | qatal · peal | יְהוּדָי *the* | | | | | בָּנַיִן *\[they are\] building* | participle active · peal | יְהוּדָי *the* | קִרְיְת *the* | | | | שַׁכְלִילוּ *they have finished* | qatal · shaphel | יְהוּדָי *the* | שׁוּרַיּ *the* | | | | יַחִֽיטוּ *they are repairing* | yiqtol · aphel | יְהוּדָי *the* | אֻשַּׁיּ *the* | | | MACULA's semantic frames: for each verb the head word of each participant. A0 is the one who acts, A1 what the act is done to or is about, A2 a further participant; AA, with a causative verb, the one who makes it happen. ## English, JPS 1917 {#english} Each sentence on its own page, with its tree and pragmatics. A sentence that runs on into the next verse is listed under the verse it begins in. 1. [be it known unto the king, that the Jews that came up from thee are come to us unto Jerusalem; they are building the rebellious and the bad city, and have finished the walls, and are digging out the foundations.](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/ketuvim/jps/EZR.107/) **Hebrew text:** Westminster Leningrad Codex, public domain. **Tree, glosses and frames:** MACULA Hebrew Linguistic Datasets, available at [github.com/Clear-Bible/macula-hebrew](https://github.com/Clear-Bible/macula-hebrew/), [CC BY 4.0](https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/); converted to Universal Dependencies by Mova (words in text order, a prefix its own word). **Speech act:** Mova's rules on the MACULA words (`macula prag`). **Targum:** Onkelos (Torat Emet), Jonathan and the Writings (Mikraot Gedolot), from Sefaria, public domain. **English:** JPS 1917, public domain; trees and speech acts by Mova's cycle, frames by Mova's reader (Elamur Cosmic License). Hebrew sentence `wlc-arc:EZR:4`. - ← previous: [Ezra 4:11](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/ketuvim/EZR.4.11/) - next →: [Ezra 4:13](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/ketuvim/EZR.4.13/) - ↑ back to [Ezra 4](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/ketuvim/EZR/4/)