--- title: Ezra 4:14 — Now because we eat the salt of the palace, and it is not meet for us… · Aramaic, tree and pragmatics description: Now because we eat the salt of the palace, and it is not meet for us to see the king's dishonour, therefore have we sent and announced to the king, Who acts: we, us, king. Ezra 4:14 in Biblical Aramaic with its dependency tree, JPS 1917 and the pragmatics of every clause. --- [Mova](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) · [this page in HTML](https://mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/ketuvim/EZR.4.14/) [home](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) / [corpora](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/) / [Tanakh](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/tanakh/) / [Ketuvim](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/ketuvim/) / [Ezra](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/ketuvim/EZR/) / [chapter 4](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/ketuvim/EZR/4/) / 4:14 # Ezra 4:14 עֶזְרָא **Who acts:** we, us, king · **What happens:** eat, not be, see, send, announce, dishonour · **To what, where:** salt, dishonour, king This is Ezra 4:14 from Mova's open Bible corpus, the Tanakh in three languages (Ketuvim — the Writings). The page gives the verse in Biblical Aramaic as the Westminster Leningrad Codex has it, its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, built from MACULA Aramaic — and its pragmatics: who acts — we, us, king — and what happens in the verse to salt, dishonour, king, read clause by clause by Mova's frames. Beside it stand the English of the Jewish Publication Society's 1917 translation, each English sentence with a tree of its own. It is one of the 10 chapters of Ezra on this site, all built by Mova itself from its own trees, with no large model in between. כְּעַ֗ן כָּל־קֳבֵל֙ דִּֽי־מְלַ֤ח הֵֽיכְלָא֙ מְלַ֔חְנָא וְעַרְוַ֣ת מַלְכָּ֔א לָ֥א אֲ‍ֽרִֽיךְ לַ֖נָא לְמֶֽחֱזֵ֑א עַ֨ל־דְּנָ֔ה שְׁלַ֖חְנָא וְהוֹדַ֥עְנָא לְמַלְכָּֽא׃ [Now because we eat the salt of the palace, and it is not meet for us to see the king's dishonour, therefore have we sent and announced to the king,](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/ketuvim/jps/EZR.109/) ## The tree {#tree} This verse is in Biblical Aramaic, as the book has it here; its tree is MACULA's Aramaic tree. Right to left, as it is read; a prefix or suffix is a word of its own, and a line under the words joins those written as one. Under each word its part of speech and MACULA's English gloss. ```conllu rtl gloss # sent_id = wlc-arc:EZR:6 # text = כְּעַ֗ן כָּל־קֳבֵל֙ דִּֽי־מְלַ֤ח הֵֽיכְלָא֙ מְלַ֔חְנָא וְעַרְוַ֣ת מַלְכָּ֔א לָ֥א אֲ‍ֽרִֽיךְ לַ֖נָא לְמֶֽחֱזֵ֑א עַ֨ל־דְּנָ֔ה שְׁלַ֖חְנָא וְהוֹדַ֥עְנָא לְמַלְכָּֽא׃ # verse = EZR.4.14 1 כְּעַ֗ן כְּעַן ADV _ _ 0 root _ Gloss=now|Ref=EZR_4:14!1|MId=o150040140011|Strong=3705|Lang=arc 2-3 כָּל־ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 2 כָּ כְּ ADP _ _ 4 case _ Gloss=as|Ref=EZR_4:14!2|MId=o150040140021|Strong=3509d|Lang=arc 3 ל־ לְ ADP _ _ 4 case _ Gloss=to|Ref=EZR_4:14!2|MId=o150040140022|Strong=3807b|Lang=arc 4 קֳבֵל֙ קֳבֵל NOUN _ _ 22 dislocated _ Gloss=because|Ref=EZR_4:14!3|MId=o150040140031|Strong=6903|Lang=arc 5 דִּֽי־ דִּי SCONJ _ _ 9 mark _ Gloss=that|Ref=EZR_4:14!4|MId=o150040140041|Strong=1768|Lang=arc|SpaceAfter=No 6 מְלַ֤ח מְלַח NOUN _ Gender=Masc|Number=Sing 9 obj _ Gloss=the.salt|Ref=EZR_4:14!5|MId=o150040140051|Strong=4416|Lang=arc 7-8 הֵֽיכְלָא֙ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 7 הֵֽיכְל הֵיכַל NOUN _ Gender=Masc|Number=Sing 6 compound:smixut _ Gloss=of|Ref=EZR_4:14!6|MId=o150040140061|Strong=1965|Lang=arc 8 ָא֙ א DET _ PronType=Art 7 det _ Gloss=the.palace|Ref=EZR_4:14!6|MId=o150040140062|Strong=0001b|Lang=arc|Type=definite_article 9 מְלַ֔חְנָא מְלַח VERB _ Gender=Com|HebBinyan=PEAL|Number=Plur|Person=1 4 acl:relcl _ Gloss=we.eat.salt|Ref=EZR_4:14!7|MId=o150040140071|Strong=4415|Lang=arc|Frame=A0:150040110101;A1:150040140051;|Type=qatal 10-11 וְעַרְוַ֣ת _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 10 וְ וְ CCONJ _ _ 15 cc _ Gloss=and|Ref=EZR_4:14!8|MId=o150040140081|Strong=2050d|Lang=arc 11 עַרְוַ֣ת עַרְוָה NOUN _ Gender=Fem|Number=Sing 19 obj _ Gloss=the.dishonor|Ref=EZR_4:14!8|MId=o150040140082|Strong=6173|Lang=arc 12-13 מַלְכָּ֔א _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 12 מַלְכּ מֶלֶךְ NOUN _ Gender=Masc|Number=Sing 11 compound:smixut _ Gloss=of|Ref=EZR_4:14!9|MId=o150040140091|Strong=4430|Lang=arc 13 ָ֔א א DET _ PronType=Art 12 det _ Gloss=the.king|Ref=EZR_4:14!9|MId=o150040140092|Strong=0001b|Lang=arc|Type=definite_article 14 לָ֥א לָא ADV _ _ 15 advmod _ Gloss=not|Ref=EZR_4:14!10|MId=o150040140101|Strong=3809|Lang=arc|Type=negative 15 אֲ‍ֽרִֽיךְ אֲרִיךְ ADJ _ Gender=Masc|Number=Sing 9 conj _ Gloss=[is].proper|Ref=EZR_4:14!11|MId=o150040140111|Strong=0749|Lang=arc|Type=adjective 16-17 לַ֖נָא _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 16 ל לְ ADP _ _ 17 case _ Gloss=for|Ref=EZR_4:14!12|MId=o150040140121|Strong=3807b|Lang=arc 17 ַ֖נָא הוּא PRON _ Gender=Com|Number=Plur|Person=1|PronType=Prs 15 obl _ Gloss=us|Ref=EZR_4:14!12|MId=o150040140122|Strong=4996b|Lang=arc|Type=pronominal 18-19 לְמֶֽחֱזֵ֑א _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 18 לְ לְ ADP _ _ 19 case _ Gloss=to|Ref=EZR_4:14!13|MId=o150040140131|Strong=3807b|Lang=arc 19 מֶֽחֱזֵ֑א חֲזָה VERB _ HebBinyan=PEAL 15 nsubj _ Gloss=see|Ref=EZR_4:14!13|MId=o150040140132|Strong=2370|Lang=arc|Frame=A0:;A1:150040140082;|Type=infinitive_construct 20 עַ֨ל־ עַל ADP _ _ 21 case _ Gloss=concerning|Ref=EZR_4:14!14|MId=o150040140141|Strong=5922|Lang=arc|SpaceAfter=No 21 דְּנָ֔ה דְּנָה PRON _ Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|PronType=Dem 22 obl _ Gloss=this|Ref=EZR_4:14!15|MId=o150040140151|Strong=1836|Lang=arc|Type=demonstrative 22 שְׁלַ֖חְנָא שְׁלַח VERB _ Gender=Com|HebBinyan=PEAL|Number=Plur|Person=1 1 parataxis _ Gloss=we.have.sent|Ref=EZR_4:14!16|MId=o150040140161|Strong=7972|Lang=arc|Frame=A0:150040110101;|Type=qatal 23-24 וְהוֹדַ֥עְנָא _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 23 וְ וְ CCONJ _ _ 24 cc _ Gloss=and|Ref=EZR_4:14!17|MId=o150040140171|Strong=2050d|Lang=arc 24 הוֹדַ֥עְנָא יְדַע VERB _ Gender=Com|HebBinyan=HAPHEL|Number=Plur|Person=1 22 conj _ Gloss=we.have.made.known|Ref=EZR_4:14!17|MId=o150040140172|Strong=3046|Lang=arc|Frame=A0:150040110101;|Type=qatal 25-27 לְמַלְכָּֽא _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 25 לְ לְ ADP _ _ 26 case _ Gloss=to|Ref=EZR_4:14!18|MId=o150040140181|Strong=3807b|Lang=arc|Type=direct_object_marker 26 מַלְכּ מֶלֶךְ NOUN _ Gender=Masc|Number=Sing 24 obl _ Gloss=the|Ref=EZR_4:14!18|MId=o150040140182|Strong=4430|Lang=arc 27 ָֽא א DET _ PronType=Art 26 det _ Gloss=king|Ref=EZR_4:14!18|MId=o150040140183|Strong=0001b|Lang=arc|Type=definite_article 28 ׃ ׃ PUNCT _ _ 27 punct _ Ref=EZR_4:14!18 ``` ## Pragmatics {#pragmatics} No stored speech act for this sentence. | verb | form · stem | who (A0) | what, whom (A1) | to whom, further (A2) | who makes it happen (AA) | | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | | מְלַחְנָא *we eat salt* | qatal · peal | | מְלַח *the salt* | | | | מֶֽחֱזֵא *see* | infinitive construct · peal | | עַרְוַת *the dishonor* | | | | שְׁלַחְנָא *we have sent* | qatal · peal | | | | | | הוֹדַעְנָא *we have made known* | qatal · haphel | | | | | MACULA's semantic frames: for each verb the head word of each participant. A0 is the one who acts, A1 what the act is done to or is about, A2 a further participant; AA, with a causative verb, the one who makes it happen. ## English, JPS 1917 {#english} Each sentence on its own page, with its tree and pragmatics. A sentence that runs on into the next verse is listed under the verse it begins in. 1. [Now because we eat the salt of the palace, and it is not meet for us to see the king's dishonour, therefore have we sent and announced to the king,](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/ketuvim/jps/EZR.109/) **Hebrew text:** Westminster Leningrad Codex, public domain. **Tree, glosses and frames:** MACULA Hebrew Linguistic Datasets, available at [github.com/Clear-Bible/macula-hebrew](https://github.com/Clear-Bible/macula-hebrew/), [CC BY 4.0](https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/); converted to Universal Dependencies by Mova (words in text order, a prefix its own word). **Speech act:** Mova's rules on the MACULA words (`macula prag`). **Targum:** Onkelos (Torat Emet), Jonathan and the Writings (Mikraot Gedolot), from Sefaria, public domain. **English:** JPS 1917, public domain; trees and speech acts by Mova's cycle, frames by Mova's reader (Elamur Cosmic License). Hebrew sentence `wlc-arc:EZR:6`. - ← previous: [Ezra 4:13](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/ketuvim/EZR.4.13/) - next →: [Ezra 4:15](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/ketuvim/EZR.4.15/) - ↑ back to [Ezra 4](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/ketuvim/EZR/4/)