--- title: Ezra 4:17 — Then sent the king an answer unto Rehum the commander, and to Shimsh… · Aramaic, tree and pragmatics description: Then sent the king an answer unto Rehum the commander, and to Shimshai the scribe, and to the rest of their companions that dwell in Samaria, and unto the rest beyond the River: 'Peace, and now Who acts: companions. Ezra 4:17 in Biblical Aramaic with its dependency tree, JPS 1917 and the pragmatics --- [Mova](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) · [this page in HTML](https://mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/ketuvim/EZR.4.17/) [home](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) / [corpora](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/) / [Tanakh](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/tanakh/) / [Ketuvim](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/ketuvim/) / [Ezra](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/ketuvim/EZR/) / [chapter 4](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/ketuvim/EZR/4/) / 4:17 # Ezra 4:17 עֶזְרָא **Who acts:** companions · **What happens:** send, dwell · **To what, where:** answer, king, Samaria This is Ezra 4:17 from Mova's open Bible corpus, the Tanakh in three languages (Ketuvim — the Writings). The page gives the verse in Biblical Aramaic as the Westminster Leningrad Codex has it, its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, built from MACULA Aramaic — and its pragmatics: who acts — companions — and what happens in the verse to answer, king, Samaria, read clause by clause by Mova's frames. Beside it stand the English of the Jewish Publication Society's 1917 translation, each English sentence with a tree of its own. It is one of the 10 chapters of Ezra on this site, all built by Mova itself from its own trees, with no large model in between. פִּתְגָמָ֞א שְׁלַ֣ח מַלְכָּ֗א עַל־רְח֤וּם בְּעֵל־טְעֵם֙ וְשִׁמְשַׁ֣י סָֽפְרָ֔א וּשְׁאָר֙ כְּנָוָ֣תְה֔וֹן דִּ֥י יָתְבִ֖ין בְּשָֽׁמְרָ֑יִן וּשְׁאָ֧ר עֲבַֽר־נַהֲרָ֛ה שְׁלָ֖ם וּכְעֶֽת׃ס [Then sent the king an answer unto Rehum the commander, and to Shimshai the scribe, and to the rest of their companions that dwell in Samaria, and unto the rest beyond the River: 'Peace, and now](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/ketuvim/jps/EZR.112/) ## The tree {#tree} This verse is in Biblical Aramaic, as the book has it here; its tree is MACULA's Aramaic tree. Right to left, as it is read; a prefix or suffix is a word of its own, and a line under the words joins those written as one. Under each word its part of speech and MACULA's English gloss. ```conllu rtl gloss # sent_id = wlc-arc:EZR:9 # text = פִּתְגָמָ֞א שְׁלַ֣ח מַלְכָּ֗א עַל־רְח֤וּם בְּעֵל־טְעֵם֙ וְשִׁמְשַׁ֣י סָֽפְרָ֔א וּשְׁאָר֙ כְּנָוָ֣תְה֔וֹן דִּ֥י יָתְבִ֖ין בְּשָֽׁמְרָ֑יִן וּשְׁאָ֧ר עֲבַֽר־נַהֲרָ֛ה שְׁלָ֖ם וּכְעֶֽת׃ס # verse = EZR.4.17 1-2 פִּתְגָמָ֞א _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 1 פִּתְגָמ פִּתְגָם NOUN _ Gender=Masc|Number=Sing 3 obj _ Gloss=the|Ref=EZR_4:17!1|MId=o150040170011|Strong=6600|Lang=arc 2 ָ֞א א DET _ PronType=Art 1 det _ Gloss=word|Ref=EZR_4:17!1|MId=o150040170012|Strong=0001b|Lang=arc|Type=definite_article 3 שְׁלַ֣ח שְׁלַח VERB _ Gender=Masc|HebBinyan=PEAL|Number=Sing|Person=3 0 root _ Gloss=he.sent|Ref=EZR_4:17!2|MId=o150040170021|Strong=7972|Lang=arc|Frame=A1:150040170011;A0:150040170031;|Type=qatal 4-5 מַלְכָּ֗א _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 4 מַלְכּ מֶלֶךְ NOUN _ Gender=Masc|Number=Sing 3 nsubj _ Gloss=the|Ref=EZR_4:17!3|MId=o150040170031|Strong=4430|Lang=arc 5 ָ֗א א DET _ PronType=Art 4 det _ Gloss=king|Ref=EZR_4:17!3|MId=o150040170032|Strong=0001b|Lang=arc|Type=definite_article 6 עַל־ עַל ADP _ _ 7 case _ Gloss=to|Ref=EZR_4:17!4|MId=o150040170041|Strong=5922|Lang=arc|SpaceAfter=No 7 רְח֤וּם רְחוּם PROPN _ _ 3 parataxis _ Gloss=Rehum|Ref=EZR_4:17!5|MId=o150040170051|Strong=7348a|Lang=arc 8 בְּעֵל־ בְּעֵל NOUN _ Gender=Masc|Number=Sing 7 appos _ Gloss=lord|Ref=EZR_4:17!6|MId=o150040170061|Strong=1169|Lang=arc|SpaceAfter=No 9 טְעֵם֙ טְעֵם NOUN _ Gender=Masc|Number=Sing 8 compound:smixut _ Gloss=of.command|Ref=EZR_4:17!7|MId=o150040170071|Strong=2942|Lang=arc 10-11 וְשִׁמְשַׁ֣י _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 10 וְ וְ CCONJ _ _ 11 cc _ Gloss=and|Ref=EZR_4:17!8|MId=o150040170081|Strong=2050d|Lang=arc 11 שִׁמְשַׁ֣י שִׁמְשַׁי PROPN _ _ 7 conj _ Gloss=Shimshai|Ref=EZR_4:17!8|MId=o150040170082|Strong=8124|Lang=arc 12-13 סָֽפְרָ֔א _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 12 סָֽפְר סָפִר NOUN _ Gender=Masc|Number=Sing 11 appos _ Gloss=the|Ref=EZR_4:17!9|MId=o150040170091|Strong=5613|Lang=arc 13 ָ֔א א DET _ PronType=Art 12 det _ Gloss=scribe|Ref=EZR_4:17!9|MId=o150040170092|Strong=0001b|Lang=arc|Type=definite_article 14-15 וּשְׁאָר֙ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 14 וּ וְ CCONJ _ _ 15 cc _ Gloss=and|Ref=EZR_4:17!10|MId=o150040170101|Strong=2050d|Lang=arc 15 שְׁאָר֙ שְׁאָר NOUN _ Gender=Masc|Number=Sing 7 conj _ Gloss=the.rest|Ref=EZR_4:17!10|MId=o150040170102|Strong=7606|Lang=arc 16-17 כְּנָוָ֣תְה֔וֹן _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 16 כְּנָוָ֣ת כְּנָת NOUN _ Gender=Masc|Number=Plur 15 compound:smixut _ Gloss=of|Ref=EZR_4:17!11|MId=o150040170111|Strong=3675|Lang=arc 17 ְה֔וֹן הוּא PRON _ Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs 16 nmod:poss _ Gloss=their.associates|Ref=EZR_4:17!11|MId=o150040170112|Strong=1952a|Lang=arc|Type=pronominal 18 דִּ֥י דִּי SCONJ _ _ 19 mark _ Gloss=who|Ref=EZR_4:17!12|MId=o150040170121|Strong=1768|Lang=arc|Type=relative 19 יָתְבִ֖ין יְתִב VERB _ Gender=Masc|HebBinyan=PEAL|Number=Plur 16 acl:relcl _ Gloss=[were].dwelling|Ref=EZR_4:17!13|MId=o150040170131|Strong=3488|Lang=arc|Frame=A0:150040170111;|Type=participle_active 20-21 בְּשָֽׁמְרָ֑יִן _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 20 בְּ בְּ ADP _ _ 21 case _ Gloss=in|Ref=EZR_4:17!14|MId=o150040170141|Strong=0871b|Lang=arc 21 שָֽׁמְרָ֑יִן שׇׁמְרָיִן PROPN _ _ 19 obl _ Gloss=Samaria|Ref=EZR_4:17!14|MId=o150040170142|Strong=8115|Lang=arc 22-23 וּשְׁאָ֧ר _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 22 וּ וְ CCONJ _ _ 23 cc _ Gloss=and|Ref=EZR_4:17!15|MId=o150040170151|Strong=2050d|Lang=arc 23 שְׁאָ֧ר שְׁאָר NOUN _ Gender=Masc|Number=Sing 21 conj _ Gloss=the.rest|Ref=EZR_4:17!15|MId=o150040170152|Strong=7606|Lang=arc 24 עֲבַֽר־ עֲבַר PROPN _ _ 23 compound:smixut _ Gloss=of.the.region.beyond|Ref=EZR_4:17!16|MId=o150040170161|Strong=5675|Lang=arc|SpaceAfter=No 25-26 נַהֲרָ֛ה _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 25 נַהֲר נְהַר PROPN _ _ 24 compound:smixut _ Gloss=the|Ref=EZR_4:17!17|MId=o150040170171|Strong=5103|Lang=arc 26 ָ֛ה ה DET _ PronType=Art 25 det _ Gloss=river|Ref=EZR_4:17!17|MId=o150040170172|Strong=0001b|Lang=arc|Type=definite_article 27 שְׁלָ֖ם שְׁלָם NOUN _ Gender=Masc|Number=Sing 7 nsubj _ Gloss=peace|Ref=EZR_4:17!18|MId=o150040170181|Strong=8001|Lang=arc 28-29 וּכְעֶֽת _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 28 וּ וְ CCONJ _ _ 29 cc _ Gloss=and|Ref=EZR_4:17!19|MId=o150040170191|Strong=2050d|Lang=arc 29 כְעֶֽת כְּעֶת ADV _ _ 3 advmod _ Gloss=now|Ref=EZR_4:17!19|MId=o150040170192|Strong=3706|Lang=arc 30 ׃ ׃ PUNCT _ _ 29 punct _ Ref=EZR_4:17!19|SpaceAfter=No 31 ס ס PUNCT _ _ 29 punct _ Ref=EZR_4:17!19 ``` ## Pragmatics {#pragmatics} No stored speech act for this sentence. | verb | form · stem | who (A0) | what, whom (A1) | to whom, further (A2) | who makes it happen (AA) | | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | | שְׁלַח *he sent* | qatal · peal | מַלְכּ *the* | פִּתְגָמ *the* | | | | יָתְבִין *\[were\] dwelling* | participle active · peal | כְּנָוָת *of* | | | | MACULA's semantic frames: for each verb the head word of each participant. A0 is the one who acts, A1 what the act is done to or is about, A2 a further participant; AA, with a causative verb, the one who makes it happen. ## English, JPS 1917 {#english} Each sentence on its own page, with its tree and pragmatics. A sentence that runs on into the next verse is listed under the verse it begins in. 1. [Then sent the king an answer unto Rehum the commander, and to Shimshai the scribe, and to the rest of their companions that dwell in Samaria, and unto the rest beyond the River: 'Peace, and now](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/ketuvim/jps/EZR.112/) **Hebrew text:** Westminster Leningrad Codex, public domain. **Tree, glosses and frames:** MACULA Hebrew Linguistic Datasets, available at [github.com/Clear-Bible/macula-hebrew](https://github.com/Clear-Bible/macula-hebrew/), [CC BY 4.0](https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/); converted to Universal Dependencies by Mova (words in text order, a prefix its own word). **Speech act:** Mova's rules on the MACULA words (`macula prag`). **Targum:** Onkelos (Torat Emet), Jonathan and the Writings (Mikraot Gedolot), from Sefaria, public domain. **English:** JPS 1917, public domain; trees and speech acts by Mova's cycle, frames by Mova's reader (Elamur Cosmic License). Hebrew sentence `wlc-arc:EZR:9`. - ← previous: [Ezra 4:16](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/ketuvim/EZR.4.16/) - next →: [Ezra 4:18](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/ketuvim/EZR.4.18/) - ↑ back to [Ezra 4](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/ketuvim/EZR/4/)