--- title: Ezra 4:23 — Then when the copy of king Artaxerxes' letter was read before Rehum,… · Aramaic, tree and pragmatics description: Then when the copy of king Artaxerxes' letter was read before Rehum, and Shimshai the scribe, and their companions, they went in haste to Jerusalem unto the Jews, and made them to cease by force and power. Who acts: companions, king Artaxerxes. Ezra 4:23 in Biblical Aramaic with its dependency tree, --- [Mova](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) · [this page in HTML](https://mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/ketuvim/EZR.4.23/) [home](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) / [corpora](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/) / [Tanakh](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/tanakh/) / [Ketuvim](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/ketuvim/) / [Ezra](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/ketuvim/EZR/) / [chapter 4](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/ketuvim/EZR/4/) / 4:23 # Ezra 4:23 עֶזְרָא **Who acts:** companions, king Artaxerxes · **What happens:** read, go, make, cease, copy, letter · **To what, where:** copy, Jerusalem, haste, companions, letter This is Ezra 4:23 from Mova's open Bible corpus, the Tanakh in three languages (Ketuvim — the Writings). The page gives the verse in Biblical Aramaic as the Westminster Leningrad Codex has it, its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, built from MACULA Aramaic — and its pragmatics: who acts — companions, king Artaxerxes — and what happens in the verse to copy, Jerusalem, haste, companions, letter, read clause by clause by Mova's frames. Beside it stand the English of the Jewish Publication Society's 1917 translation, each English sentence with a tree of its own. It is one of the 10 chapters of Ezra on this site, all built by Mova itself from its own trees, with no large model in between. אֱדַ֗יִן מִן־דִּ֞י פַּרְשֶׁ֤גֶן נִשְׁתְּוָנָא֙ דִּ֚י אַרְתַּחְשַׁ֣שְׂתְּ מַלְכָּ֔א קֱרִ֧י קֳדָם־רְח֛וּם וְשִׁמְשַׁ֥י סָפְרָ֖א וּכְנָוָתְה֑וֹן אֲזַ֨לוּ בִבְהִיל֤וּ לִירֽוּשְׁלֶם֙ עַל־יְה֣וּדָיֵ֔א וּבַטִּ֥לוּ הִמּ֖וֹ בְּאֶדְרָ֥ע וְחָֽיִל׃ס [Then when the copy of king Artaxerxes' letter was read before Rehum, and Shimshai the scribe, and their companions, they went in haste to Jerusalem unto the Jews, and made them to cease by force and power.](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/ketuvim/jps/EZR.118/) ## The tree {#tree} This verse is in Biblical Aramaic, as the book has it here; its tree is MACULA's Aramaic tree. Right to left, as it is read; a prefix or suffix is a word of its own, and a line under the words joins those written as one. Under each word its part of speech and MACULA's English gloss. ```conllu rtl gloss # sent_id = wlc-arc:EZR:15 # text = אֱדַ֗יִן מִן־דִּ֞י פַּרְשֶׁ֤גֶן נִשְׁתְּוָנָא֙ דִּ֚י אַרְתַּחְשַׁ֣שְׂתְּ מַלְכָּ֔א קֱרִ֧י קֳדָם־רְח֛וּם וְשִׁמְשַׁ֥י סָפְרָ֖א וּכְנָוָתְה֑וֹן אֲזַ֨לוּ בִבְהִיל֤וּ לִירֽוּשְׁלֶם֙ עַל־יְה֣וּדָיֵ֔א וּבַטִּ֥לוּ הִמּ֖וֹ בְּאֶדְרָ֥ע וְחָֽיִל׃ס # verse = EZR.4.23 1 אֱדַ֗יִן אֱדַיִן ADV _ _ 0 root _ Gloss=then|Ref=EZR_4:23!1|MId=o150040230011|Strong=0116|Lang=arc 2 מִן־ מִן ADP _ _ 21 parataxis _ Gloss=from|Ref=EZR_4:23!2|MId=o150040230021|Strong=4481|Lang=arc|SpaceAfter=No 3 דִּ֞י דִּי SCONJ _ _ 11 mark _ Gloss=that|Ref=EZR_4:23!3|MId=o150040230031|Strong=1768|Lang=arc|Type=relative 4 פַּרְשֶׁ֤גֶן פַּרְשֶׁגֶן NOUN _ Gender=Masc|Number=Sing 11 nsubj _ Gloss=the.copy|Ref=EZR_4:23!4|MId=o150040230041|Strong=6573|Lang=arc 5-6 נִשְׁתְּוָנָא֙ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 5 נִשְׁתְּוָנ נִשְׁתְּוָן NOUN _ Gender=Masc|Number=Sing 4 compound:smixut _ Gloss=of|Ref=EZR_4:23!5|MId=o150040230051|Strong=5407|Lang=arc 6 ָא֙ א DET _ PronType=Art 5 det _ Gloss=the.letter|Ref=EZR_4:23!5|MId=o150040230052|Strong=0001b|Lang=arc|Type=definite_article 7 דִּ֚י דִּי SCONJ _ _ 8 mark _ Gloss=(diy).of|Ref=EZR_4:23!6|MId=o150040230061|Strong=1768|Lang=arc|Type=relative 8 אַרְתַּחְשַׁ֣שְׂתְּ אַרְתַּחְשַׁשְׂתְּא PROPN _ _ 5 acl:relcl _ Gloss=Artaxerxes|Ref=EZR_4:23!8|MId=o150040230081|Strong=0783a|Lang=arc 9-10 מַלְכָּ֔א _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 9 מַלְכּ מֶלֶךְ NOUN _ Gender=Masc|Number=Sing 8 appos _ Gloss=the|Ref=EZR_4:23!9|MId=o150040230091|Strong=4430|Lang=arc 10 ָ֔א א DET _ PronType=Art 9 det _ Gloss=king|Ref=EZR_4:23!9|MId=o150040230092|Strong=0001b|Lang=arc|Type=definite_article 11 קֱרִ֧י קְרָא VERB _ Gender=Masc|HebBinyan=PEIL|Number=Sing|Person=3 2 parataxis _ Gloss=it.was.read.aloud|Ref=EZR_4:23!10|MId=o150040230101|Strong=7123|Lang=arc|Frame=A1:150040230041;|Type=qatal 12 קֳדָם־ קֳדָם ADP _ _ 13 case _ Gloss=before|Ref=EZR_4:23!11|MId=o150040230111|Strong=6925|Lang=arc|SpaceAfter=No 13 רְח֛וּם רְחוּם PROPN _ _ 11 obl _ Gloss=Rehum|Ref=EZR_4:23!12|MId=o150040230121|Strong=7348a|Lang=arc 14-15 וְשִׁמְשַׁ֥י _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 14 וְ וְ CCONJ _ _ 15 cc _ Gloss=and|Ref=EZR_4:23!13|MId=o150040230131|Strong=2050d|Lang=arc 15 שִׁמְשַׁ֥י שִׁמְשַׁי PROPN _ _ 13 conj _ Gloss=Shimshai|Ref=EZR_4:23!13|MId=o150040230132|Strong=8124|Lang=arc 16-17 סָפְרָ֖א _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 16 סָפְר סָפִר NOUN _ Gender=Masc|Number=Sing 15 appos _ Gloss=the|Ref=EZR_4:23!14|MId=o150040230141|Strong=5613|Lang=arc 17 ָ֖א א DET _ PronType=Art 16 det _ Gloss=scribe|Ref=EZR_4:23!14|MId=o150040230142|Strong=0001b|Lang=arc|Type=definite_article 18-20 וּכְנָוָתְה֑וֹן _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 18 וּ וְ CCONJ _ _ 19 cc _ Gloss=and|Ref=EZR_4:23!15|MId=o150040230151|Strong=2050d|Lang=arc 19 כְנָוָת כְּנָת NOUN _ Gender=Masc|Number=Plur 13 conj _ Gloss=associates|Ref=EZR_4:23!15|MId=o150040230152|Strong=3675|Lang=arc 20 ְה֑וֹן הוּא PRON _ Gender=Masc|Number=Plur|Person=3|PronType=Prs 19 nmod:poss _ Gloss=their|Ref=EZR_4:23!15|MId=o150040230153|Strong=1952a|Lang=arc|Type=pronominal 21 אֲזַ֨לוּ אֲזַל VERB _ Gender=Masc|HebBinyan=PEAL|Number=Plur|Person=3 1 parataxis _ Gloss=they.went|Ref=EZR_4:23!16|MId=o150040230161|Strong=0236|Lang=arc|Frame=A0:150040230121;150040230132;150040230152;|Type=qatal 22-23 בִבְהִיל֤וּ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 22 בִ בְּ ADP _ _ 23 case _ Gloss=in|Ref=EZR_4:23!17|MId=o150040230171|Strong=0871b|Lang=arc 23 בְהִיל֤וּ בְּהִילוּ NOUN _ Gender=Fem|Number=Sing 21 obl _ Gloss=haste|Ref=EZR_4:23!17|MId=o150040230172|Strong=0924|Lang=arc 24-25 לִירֽוּשְׁלֶם֙ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 24 לִ לְ ADP _ _ 25 case _ Gloss=to|Ref=EZR_4:23!18|MId=o150040230181|Strong=3807b|Lang=arc 25 ירֽוּשְׁלֶם֙ יְרוּשְׁלֵם PROPN _ _ 21 obl _ Gloss=Jerusalem|Ref=EZR_4:23!18|MId=o150040230182|Strong=3390|Lang=arc 26 עַל־ עַל ADP _ _ 27 case _ Gloss=to|Ref=EZR_4:23!19|MId=o150040230191|Strong=5922|Lang=arc|SpaceAfter=No 27-28 יְה֣וּדָיֵ֔א _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 27 יְה֣וּדָי יְהוּדַי NOUN _ Gender=Masc|Number=Plur 21 obl _ Gloss=the|Ref=EZR_4:23!20|MId=o150040230201|Strong=3062|Lang=arc|Type=gentilic 28 ֵ֔א א DET _ PronType=Art 27 det _ Gloss=Jews|Ref=EZR_4:23!20|MId=o150040230202|Strong=0001b|Lang=arc|Type=definite_article 29-30 וּבַטִּ֥לוּ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 29 וּ וְ CCONJ _ _ 30 cc _ Gloss=and|Ref=EZR_4:23!21|MId=o150040230211|Strong=2050d|Lang=arc 30 בַטִּ֥לוּ בְּטֵל VERB _ Gender=Masc|HebBinyan=PAEL|Number=Plur|Person=3 21 conj _ Gloss=they.made.to.cease|Ref=EZR_4:23!21|MId=o150040230212|Strong=0989|Lang=arc|Frame=A0:150040230121;150040230132;150040230152;A1:150040230221;|Type=qatal 31 הִמּ֖וֹ הִמּוֹ PRON _ Gender=Masc|Number=Plur|Person=3|PronType=Prs 30 obj _ Gloss=them|Ref=EZR_4:23!22|MId=o150040230221|Strong=1994|Lang=arc|Type=personal 32-33 בְּאֶדְרָ֥ע _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 32 בְּ בְּ ADP _ _ 33 case _ Gloss=with|Ref=EZR_4:23!23|MId=o150040230231|Strong=0871b|Lang=arc 33 אֶדְרָ֥ע אֶדְרַע NOUN _ Gender=Fem|Number=Sing 30 obl _ Gloss=force|Ref=EZR_4:23!23|MId=o150040230232|Strong=0153|Lang=arc 34-35 וְחָֽיִל _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 34 וְ וְ CCONJ _ _ 35 cc _ Gloss=and|Ref=EZR_4:23!24|MId=o150040230241|Strong=2050d|Lang=arc 35 חָֽיִל חַיִל NOUN _ Gender=Masc|Number=Sing 33 conj _ Gloss=power|Ref=EZR_4:23!24|MId=o150040230242|Strong=2429|Lang=arc 36 ׃ ׃ PUNCT _ _ 35 punct _ Ref=EZR_4:23!24|SpaceAfter=No 37 ס ס PUNCT _ _ 35 punct _ Ref=EZR_4:23!24 ``` ## Pragmatics {#pragmatics} No stored speech act for this sentence. | verb | form · stem | who (A0) | what, whom (A1) | to whom, further (A2) | who makes it happen (AA) | | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | | קֱרִי *it was read aloud* | qatal · peil | | פַּרְשֶׁגֶן *the copy* | | | | אֲזַלוּ *they went* | qatal · peal | רְחוּם *Rehum* + שִׁמְשַׁי *Shimshai* + כְנָוָת *associates* | | | | | בַטִּלוּ *they made to cease* | qatal · pael | רְחוּם *Rehum* + שִׁמְשַׁי *Shimshai* + כְנָוָת *associates* | הִמּוֹ *them* | | | MACULA's semantic frames: for each verb the head word of each participant. A0 is the one who acts, A1 what the act is done to or is about, A2 a further participant; AA, with a causative verb, the one who makes it happen. ## English, JPS 1917 {#english} Each sentence on its own page, with its tree and pragmatics. A sentence that runs on into the next verse is listed under the verse it begins in. 1. [Then when the copy of king Artaxerxes' letter was read before Rehum, and Shimshai the scribe, and their companions, they went in haste to Jerusalem unto the Jews, and made them to cease by force and power.](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/ketuvim/jps/EZR.118/) **Hebrew text:** Westminster Leningrad Codex, public domain. **Tree, glosses and frames:** MACULA Hebrew Linguistic Datasets, available at [github.com/Clear-Bible/macula-hebrew](https://github.com/Clear-Bible/macula-hebrew/), [CC BY 4.0](https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/); converted to Universal Dependencies by Mova (words in text order, a prefix its own word). **Speech act:** Mova's rules on the MACULA words (`macula prag`). **Targum:** Onkelos (Torat Emet), Jonathan and the Writings (Mikraot Gedolot), from Sefaria, public domain. **English:** JPS 1917, public domain; trees and speech acts by Mova's cycle, frames by Mova's reader (Elamur Cosmic License). Hebrew sentence `wlc-arc:EZR:15`. - ← previous: [Ezra 4:22](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/ketuvim/EZR.4.22/) - next →: [Ezra 4:24](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/ketuvim/EZR.4.24/) - ↑ back to [Ezra 4](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/ketuvim/EZR/4/)