--- title: Ezra 4:4 — Then the people of the land weakened the hands of the people of Juda… · Hebrew, tree and pragmatics description: Then the people of the land weakened the hands of the people of Judah, and harried them while they were building, Who acts: people. Ezra 4:4 in Hebrew with its dependency tree, JPS 1917 and the pragmatics of every clause. --- [Mova](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) · [this page in HTML](https://mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/ketuvim/EZR.4.4/) [home](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) / [corpora](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/) / [Tanakh](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/tanakh/) / [Ketuvim](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/ketuvim/) / [Ezra](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/ketuvim/EZR/) / [chapter 4](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/ketuvim/EZR/4/) / 4:4 # Ezra 4:4 עֶזְרָא **Who acts:** people · **What happens:** weaken, harry, build · **To what, where:** hands, people This is Ezra 4:4 from Mova's open Bible corpus, the Tanakh in three languages (Ketuvim — the Writings). The page gives the verse in Hebrew as the Westminster Leningrad Codex has it, its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, built from MACULA Hebrew — and its pragmatics: who acts — people — and what happens in the verse to hands, people, read clause by clause by Mova's frames. Beside it stand the English of the Jewish Publication Society's 1917 translation, each English sentence with a tree of its own. It is one of the 10 chapters of Ezra on this site, all built by Mova itself from its own trees, with no large model in between. וַיְהִי֙ עַם־הָאָ֔רֶץ מְרַפִּ֖ים יְדֵ֣י עַם־יְהוּדָ֑ה וּֽמְבַהֲלִ֥ים אוֹתָ֖ם לִבְנֽוֹת׃ [Then the people of the land weakened the hands of the people of Judah, and harried them while they were building,](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/ketuvim/jps/EZR.99/) ## The tree {#tree} Right to left, as the Hebrew is read; a prefix or suffix is a word of its own, and a line under the words joins those written as one. Under each word its part of speech and MACULA's English gloss. ```conllu rtl gloss # sent_id = wlc:EZR:97 # text = וַיְהִי֙ עַם־הָאָ֔רֶץ מְרַפִּ֖ים יְדֵ֣י עַם־יְהוּדָ֑ה וּֽמְבַהֲלִ֥ים אוֹתָ֖ם לִבְנֽוֹת׃ # verse = EZR.4.4 1-2 וַיְהִי֙ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 1 וַ וְ CCONJ _ _ 2 cc _ Gloss=and|Ref=EZR_4:4!1|MId=o150040040011|Strong=2050b 2 יְהִי֙ הָיָה VERB _ Gender=Masc|HebBinyan=QAL|Number=Sing|Person=3 0 root _ Gloss=it.was|Ref=EZR_4:4!1|MId=o150040040012|Strong=1961|Type=wayyiqtol 3 עַם־ עַם NOUN _ Gender=Masc|Number=Sing 6 nsubj _ Gloss=the.people|Ref=EZR_4:4!2|MId=o150040040021|Strong=5971|SpaceAfter=No 4-5 הָאָ֔רֶץ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 4 הָ הַ DET _ PronType=Art 5 det _ Gloss=of|Ref=EZR_4:4!3|MId=o150040040031|Strong=1886a|Type=definite_article 5 אָ֔רֶץ אֶרֶץ NOUN _ Number=Sing 3 compound:smixut _ Gloss=the.land|Ref=EZR_4:4!3|MId=o150040040032|Strong=0776 6 מְרַפִּ֖ים רָפָה VERB _ Gender=Masc|HebBinyan=PIEL|Number=Plur 2 parataxis _ Gloss=[were].making.drop|Ref=EZR_4:4!4|MId=o150040040041|Strong=7503|Frame=A0:150040040021;A1:150040040051;|Type=participle_active 7 יְדֵ֣י יָד NOUN _ Number=Dual 6 obj _ Gloss=the.hands|Ref=EZR_4:4!5|MId=o150040040051|Strong=3027 8 עַם־ עַם NOUN _ Gender=Masc|Number=Sing 7 compound:smixut _ Gloss=of.the.people|Ref=EZR_4:4!6|MId=o150040040061|Strong=5971|SpaceAfter=No 9 יְהוּדָ֑ה יְהוּדָה PROPN _ _ 8 compound:smixut _ Gloss=of.Judah|Ref=EZR_4:4!7|MId=o150040040071|Strong=3063 10-11 וּֽמְבַהֲלִ֥ים _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 10 וּֽ וְ CCONJ _ _ 11 cc _ Gloss=and|Ref=EZR_4:4!9|MId=o150040040091|Strong=2050b 11 מְבַהֲלִ֥ים בָּהַל VERB _ Gender=Masc|HebBinyan=PIEL|Number=Plur 2 conj _ Gloss=[they.were].terrifying|Ref=EZR_4:4!9|MId=o150040040092|Strong=1089|Frame=A0:150040040021;A1:150040040102;|Type=participle_active 12-13 אוֹתָ֖ם _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 12 אוֹת אֵת ADP _ _ 13 case _ Gloss=|Ref=EZR_4:4!10|MId=o150040040101|Strong=0853|Type=direct_object_marker 13 ָ֖ם הוּא PRON _ Gender=Masc|Number=Plur|Person=3|PronType=Prs 11 obj _ Gloss=them|Ref=EZR_4:4!10|MId=o150040040102|Strong=3963a|Type=pronominal 14-15 לִבְנֽוֹת _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 14 לִ לְ ADP _ _ 15 case _ Gloss=to|Ref=EZR_4:4!11|MId=o150040040111|Strong=3807a 15 בְנֽוֹת בָּנָה VERB _ HebBinyan=QAL 11 advcl _ Gloss=build|Ref=EZR_4:4!11|MId=o150040040112|Strong=1129|Frame=A0:150040040061;A1:150040030131;|Type=infinitive_construct 16 ׃ ׃ PUNCT _ _ 15 punct _ Ref=EZR_4:4!11 ``` ## Pragmatics {#pragmatics} - form: statement - act: narrate - voice: narrator - speech: narration - negation: no | verb | form · stem | who (A0) | what, whom (A1) | to whom, further (A2) | who makes it happen (AA) | | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | | מְרַפִּים *\[were\] making drop* | participle active · piel | עַם־ *the people* | יְדֵי *the hands* | | | | מְבַהֲלִים *\[they were\] terrifying* | participle active · piel | עַם־ *the people* | ָם *them* | | | | בְנֽוֹת *build* | infinitive construct · qal | עַם־ *of the people* | | | | MACULA's semantic frames: for each verb the head word of each participant. A0 is the one who acts, A1 what the act is done to or is about, A2 a further participant; AA, with a causative verb, the one who makes it happen. ## English, JPS 1917 {#english} Each sentence on its own page, with its tree and pragmatics. A sentence that runs on into the next verse is listed under the verse it begins in. 1. [Then the people of the land weakened the hands of the people of Judah, and harried them while they were building,](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/ketuvim/jps/EZR.99/) **Hebrew text:** Westminster Leningrad Codex, public domain. **Tree, glosses and frames:** MACULA Hebrew Linguistic Datasets, available at [github.com/Clear-Bible/macula-hebrew](https://github.com/Clear-Bible/macula-hebrew/), [CC BY 4.0](https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/); converted to Universal Dependencies by Mova (words in text order, a prefix its own word). **Speech act:** Mova's rules on the MACULA words (`macula prag`). **Targum:** Onkelos (Torat Emet), Jonathan and the Writings (Mikraot Gedolot), from Sefaria, public domain. **English:** JPS 1917, public domain; trees and speech acts by Mova's cycle, frames by Mova's reader (Elamur Cosmic License). Hebrew sentence `wlc:EZR:97`. - ← previous: [Ezra 4:3](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/ketuvim/EZR.4.3/) - next →: [Ezra 4:5](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/ketuvim/EZR.4.5/) - ↑ back to [Ezra 4](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/ketuvim/EZR/4/)