--- title: Ezra 8:15 — And I gathered them together to the river that runneth to Ahava; and… · Hebrew, tree and pragmatics description: And I gathered them together to the river that runneth to Ahava; and there we encamped three days; and I viewed the people, and the priests, and found there none of the sons of Levi. Who acts: I, river, we. Ezra 8:15 in Hebrew with its dependency tree, JPS 1917 and the pragmatics of every clause. --- [Mova](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) · [this page in HTML](https://mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/ketuvim/EZR.8.15/) [home](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) / [corpora](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/) / [Tanakh](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/tanakh/) / [Ketuvim](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/ketuvim/) / [Ezra](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/ketuvim/EZR/) / [chapter 8](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/ketuvim/EZR/8/) / 8:15 # Ezra 8:15 עֶזְרָא **Who acts:** I, river, we · **What happens:** gather, run, encamp, view, find · **To what, where:** males, Ahava, people, none This is Ezra 8:15 from Mova's open Bible corpus, the Tanakh in three languages (Ketuvim — the Writings). The page gives the verse in Hebrew as the Westminster Leningrad Codex has it, its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, built from MACULA Hebrew — and its pragmatics: who acts — I, river, we — and what happens in the verse to males, Ahava, people, none, read clause by clause by Mova's frames. Beside it stand the English of the Jewish Publication Society's 1917 translation, each English sentence with a tree of its own. It is one of the 10 chapters of Ezra on this site, all built by Mova itself from its own trees, with no large model in between. וָֽאֶקְבְּצֵ֗ם אֶל־הַנָּהָר֙ הַבָּ֣א אֶֽל־אַהֲוָ֔א וַנַּחֲנֶ֥ה שָׁ֖ם יָמִ֣ים שְׁלֹשָׁ֑ה וָאָבִ֤ינָה בָעָם֙ וּבַכֹּ֣הֲנִ֔ים וּמִבְּנֵ֥י לֵוִ֖י לֹא־מָצָ֥אתִי שָֽׁם׃ [And I gathered them together to the river that runneth to Ahava; and there we encamped three days; and I viewed the people, and the priests, and found there none of the sons of Levi.](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/ketuvim/jps/EZR.204/) ## The tree {#tree} Right to left, as the Hebrew is read; a prefix or suffix is a word of its own, and a line under the words joins those written as one. Under each word its part of speech and MACULA's English gloss. ```conllu rtl gloss # sent_id = wlc:EZR:132 # text = וָֽאֶקְבְּצֵ֗ם אֶל־הַנָּהָר֙ הַבָּ֣א אֶֽל־אַהֲוָ֔א וַנַּחֲנֶ֥ה שָׁ֖ם יָמִ֣ים שְׁלֹשָׁ֑ה וָאָבִ֤ינָה בָעָם֙ וּבַכֹּ֣הֲנִ֔ים וּמִבְּנֵ֥י לֵוִ֖י לֹא־מָצָ֥אתִי שָֽׁם׃ # verse = EZR.8.15 1-3 וָֽאֶקְבְּצֵ֗ם _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 1 וָֽ וְ CCONJ _ _ 2 cc _ Gloss=and|Ref=EZR_8:15!1|MId=o150080150011|Strong=2050b 2 אֶקְבְּצ קָבַץ VERB _ Gender=Com|HebBinyan=QAL|Number=Sing|Person=1 0 root _ Gloss=I|Ref=EZR_8:15!1|MId=o150080150012|Strong=6908|Frame=A0:150070250021;A1:150080150013;|Type=wayyiqtol 3 ֵ֗ם הוּא PRON _ Gender=Masc|Number=Plur|Person=3|PronType=Prs 2 obj _ Gloss=assembled.them|Ref=EZR_8:15!1|MId=o150080150013|Strong=3963a|Type=pronominal 4 אֶל־ אֶל ADP _ _ 6 case _ Gloss=to|Ref=EZR_8:15!2|MId=o150080150021|Strong=0413|SpaceAfter=No 5-6 הַנָּהָר֙ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 5 הַ הַ DET _ PronType=Art 6 det _ Gloss=the|Ref=EZR_8:15!3|MId=o150080150031|Strong=1886a|Type=definite_article 6 נָּהָר֙ נָהָר NOUN _ Gender=Masc|Number=Sing 2 obl _ Gloss=river|Ref=EZR_8:15!3|MId=o150080150032|Strong=5104 7-8 הַבָּ֣א _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 7 הַ הַ SCONJ _ _ 8 mark _ Gloss=[which]|Ref=EZR_8:15!4|MId=o150080150041|Strong=1886a|Type=definite_article 8 בָּ֣א בּוֹא VERB _ Gender=Masc|HebBinyan=QAL|Number=Sing 6 acl:relcl _ Gloss=goes|Ref=EZR_8:15!4|MId=o150080150042|Strong=0935|Frame=A0:150080150032;|Type=participle_active 9 אֶֽל־ אֶל ADP _ _ 10 case _ Gloss=to|Ref=EZR_8:15!5|MId=o150080150051|Strong=0413|SpaceAfter=No 10 אַהֲוָ֔א אַהֲוָא PROPN _ _ 8 obl _ Gloss=Ahava|Ref=EZR_8:15!6|MId=o150080150061|Strong=0163 11-12 וַנַּחֲנֶ֥ה _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 11 וַ וְ CCONJ _ _ 12 cc _ Gloss=and|Ref=EZR_8:15!7|MId=o150080150071|Strong=2050b 12 נַּחֲנֶ֥ה חָנָה VERB _ Gender=Com|HebBinyan=QAL|Number=Plur|Person=1 2 conj _ Gloss=we.encamped|Ref=EZR_8:15!7|MId=o150080150072|Strong=2583|Frame=A0:150080010021;150080010042;150070250021;|Type=wayyiqtol 13 שָׁ֖ם שָׁם ADV _ _ 12 advmod _ Gloss=there|Ref=EZR_8:15!8|MId=o150080150081|Strong=8033 14 יָמִ֣ים יוֹם NOUN _ Gender=Masc|Number=Plur 12 obl _ Gloss=days|Ref=EZR_8:15!9|MId=o150080150091|Strong=3117 15 שְׁלֹשָׁ֑ה שָׁלֹשׁ NUM _ Gender=Masc|Number=Sing 14 nummod _ Gloss=three|Ref=EZR_8:15!10|MId=o150080150101|Strong=7969|Type=cardinal_number 16-18 וָאָבִ֤ינָה _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 16 וָ וְ CCONJ _ _ 17 cc _ Gloss=and|Ref=EZR_8:15!11|MId=o150080150111|Strong=2050b 17 אָבִ֤ינ בִּין VERB _ Gender=Com|HebBinyan=QAL|Number=Sing|Person=1 2 conj _ Gloss=I|Ref=EZR_8:15!11|MId=o150080150112|Strong=0995|Frame=A0:150070250021;|Type=wayyiqtol 18 ָה ה X _ _ 17 nmod _ Gloss=considered|Ref=EZR_8:15!11|MId=o150080150113|Strong=1886j|Type=paragogic_he 19-21 בָעָם֙ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 19 בָ בְּ ADP _ _ 21 case _ Gloss=(in)|Ref=EZR_8:15!12|MId=o150080150121|Strong=0871a 20 ה הַ DET _ PronType=Art 21 det _ Gloss=the|Ref=EZR_8:15!12|MId=o150080150121ה|Strong=1886a|Type=definite_article 21 עָם֙ עַם NOUN _ Gender=Masc|Number=Sing 17 obl _ Gloss=people|Ref=EZR_8:15!12|MId=o150080150122|Strong=5971 22-25 וּבַכֹּ֣הֲנִ֔ים _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 22 וּ וְ CCONJ _ _ 25 cc _ Gloss=and|Ref=EZR_8:15!13|MId=o150080150131|Strong=2050b 23 בַ בְּ ADP _ _ 25 case _ Gloss=(in)|Ref=EZR_8:15!13|MId=o150080150132|Strong=0871a 24 ה הַ DET _ PronType=Art 25 det _ Gloss=the|Ref=EZR_8:15!13|MId=o150080150132ה|Strong=1886a|Type=definite_article 25 כֹּ֣הֲנִ֔ים כֹּהֵן NOUN _ Gender=Masc|Number=Plur 21 conj _ Gloss=priests|Ref=EZR_8:15!13|MId=o150080150133|Strong=3548 26-28 וּמִבְּנֵ֥י _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 26 וּ וְ CCONJ _ _ 31 cc _ Gloss=and|Ref=EZR_8:15!14|MId=o150080150141|Strong=2050b 27 מִ מִן ADP _ _ 28 case _ Gloss=any|Ref=EZR_8:15!14|MId=o150080150142|Strong=4480 28 בְּנֵ֥י בֵּן NOUN _ Gender=Masc|Number=Plur 31 obl _ Gloss=of.the.descendants|Ref=EZR_8:15!14|MId=o150080150143|Strong=1121 29 לֵוִ֖י לֵוִי PROPN _ _ 28 compound:smixut _ Gloss=of.Levi|Ref=EZR_8:15!15|MId=o150080150151|Strong=3881 30 לֹא־ לֹא ADV _ _ 31 advmod _ Gloss=not|Ref=EZR_8:15!16|MId=o150080150161|Strong=3808|Type=negative|SpaceAfter=No 31 מָצָ֥אתִי מָצָא VERB _ Gender=Com|HebBinyan=QAL|Number=Sing|Person=1 2 conj _ Gloss=I.found|Ref=EZR_8:15!17|MId=o150080150171|Strong=4672|Frame=A0:150070250021;|Type=qatal 32 שָֽׁם שָׁם ADV _ _ 31 advmod _ Gloss=there|Ref=EZR_8:15!18|MId=o150080150181|Strong=8033|SpaceAfter=No 33 ׃ ׃ PUNCT _ _ 32 punct _ Ref=EZR_8:15!18 ``` ## Pragmatics {#pragmatics} - form: statement - act: assert - voice: character - speech: inside a quote begun earlier - negation: yes | verb | form · stem | who (A0) | what, whom (A1) | to whom, further (A2) | who makes it happen (AA) | | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | | אֶקְבְּצ *I* | wayyiqtol · qal | | ֵם *assembled them* | | | | בָּא *goes* | participle active · qal | נָּהָר *river* | | | | | נַּחֲנֶה *we encamped* | wayyiqtol · qal | | | | | | אָבִינ *I* | wayyiqtol · qal | | | | | | **not** מָצָאתִי *I found* | qatal · qal | | | | | MACULA's semantic frames: for each verb the head word of each participant. A0 is the one who acts, A1 what the act is done to or is about, A2 a further participant; AA, with a causative verb, the one who makes it happen. ## English, JPS 1917 {#english} Each sentence on its own page, with its tree and pragmatics. A sentence that runs on into the next verse is listed under the verse it begins in. 1. [And I gathered them together to the river that runneth to Ahava; and there we encamped three days; and I viewed the people, and the priests, and found there none of the sons of Levi.](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/ketuvim/jps/EZR.204/) **Hebrew text:** Westminster Leningrad Codex, public domain. **Tree, glosses and frames:** MACULA Hebrew Linguistic Datasets, available at [github.com/Clear-Bible/macula-hebrew](https://github.com/Clear-Bible/macula-hebrew/), [CC BY 4.0](https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/); converted to Universal Dependencies by Mova (words in text order, a prefix its own word). **Speech act:** Mova's rules on the MACULA words (`macula prag`). **Targum:** Onkelos (Torat Emet), Jonathan and the Writings (Mikraot Gedolot), from Sefaria, public domain. **English:** JPS 1917, public domain; trees and speech acts by Mova's cycle, frames by Mova's reader (Elamur Cosmic License). Hebrew sentence `wlc:EZR:132`. - ← previous: [Ezra 8:14](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/ketuvim/EZR.8.14/) - next →: [Ezra 8:16](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/ketuvim/EZR.8.16/) - ↑ back to [Ezra 8](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/ketuvim/EZR/8/)