--- title: Ezra 8:31 — Then we departed from the river of Ahava on the twelfth day of the f… · Hebrew, tree and pragmatics description: Then we departed from the river of Ahava on the twelfth day of the first month, to go unto Jerusalem; and the hand of our God was upon us, and He delivered us from the hand of the enemy and lier-in-wait by the way. Who acts: we, hand, Jerusalem. Ezra 8:31 in Hebrew with its dependency tree, JPS 1917 --- [Mova](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) · [this page in HTML](https://mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/ketuvim/EZR.8.31/) [home](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) / [corpora](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/) / [Tanakh](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/tanakh/) / [Ketuvim](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/ketuvim/) / [Ezra](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/ketuvim/EZR/) / [chapter 8](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/ketuvim/EZR/8/) / 8:31 # Ezra 8:31 עֶזְרָא **Who acts:** we, hand, Jerusalem · **What happens:** depart, go, be, deliver · **To what, where:** river, us, hand This is Ezra 8:31 from Mova's open Bible corpus, the Tanakh in three languages (Ketuvim — the Writings). The page gives the verse in Hebrew as the Westminster Leningrad Codex has it, its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, built from MACULA Hebrew — and its pragmatics: who acts — we, hand, Jerusalem — and what happens in the verse to river, us, hand, read clause by clause by Mova's frames. Beside it stand the English of the Jewish Publication Society's 1917 translation, each English sentence with a tree of its own. It is one of the 10 chapters of Ezra on this site, all built by Mova itself from its own trees, with no large model in between. וַֽנִּסְעָ֞ה מִנְּהַ֣ר אַֽהֲוָ֗א בִּשְׁנֵ֤ים עָשָׂר֙ לַחֹ֣דֶשׁ הָרִאשׁ֔וֹן לָלֶ֖כֶת יְרוּשָׁלִָ֑ם וְיַד־אֱלֹהֵ֙ינוּ֙ הָיְתָ֣ה עָלֵ֔ינוּ וַיַּ֨צִּילֵ֔נוּ מִכַּ֥ף אוֹיֵ֛ב וְאוֹרֵ֖ב עַל־הַדָּֽרֶךְ׃ [Then we departed from the river of Ahava on the twelfth day of the first month, to go unto Jerusalem; and the hand of our God was upon us, and He delivered us from the hand of the enemy and lier-in-wait by the way.](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/ketuvim/jps/EZR.220/) ## The tree {#tree} Right to left, as the Hebrew is read; a prefix or suffix is a word of its own, and a line under the words joins those written as one. Under each word its part of speech and MACULA's English gloss. ```conllu rtl gloss # sent_id = wlc:EZR:148 # text = וַֽנִּסְעָ֞ה מִנְּהַ֣ר אַֽהֲוָ֗א בִּשְׁנֵ֤ים עָשָׂר֙ לַחֹ֣דֶשׁ הָרִאשׁ֔וֹן לָלֶ֖כֶת יְרוּשָׁלִָ֑ם וְיַד־אֱלֹהֵ֙ינוּ֙ הָיְתָ֣ה עָלֵ֔ינוּ וַיַּ֨צִּילֵ֔נוּ מִכַּ֥ף אוֹיֵ֛ב וְאוֹרֵ֖ב עַל־הַדָּֽרֶךְ׃ # verse = EZR.8.31 1-3 וַֽנִּסְעָ֞ה _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 1 וַֽ וְ CCONJ _ _ 2 cc _ Gloss=and|Ref=EZR_8:31!1|MId=o150080310011|Strong=2050b 2 נִּסְע נָסַע VERB _ Gender=Com|HebBinyan=QAL|Number=Plur|Person=1 0 root _ Gloss=we|Ref=EZR_8:31!1|MId=o150080310012|Strong=5265|Frame=A0:150080010021;150080010042;150070250021;150080300022;150080300033;|Type=wayyiqtol 3 ָ֞ה ה X _ _ 2 nmod _ Gloss=set.out|Ref=EZR_8:31!1|MId=o150080310013|Strong=1886j|Type=paragogic_he 4-5 מִנְּהַ֣ר _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 4 מִ מִן ADP _ _ 5 case _ Gloss=from|Ref=EZR_8:31!2|MId=o150080310021|Strong=4480 5 נְּהַ֣ר נָהָר NOUN _ Gender=Masc|Number=Sing 2 obl _ Gloss=the.river|Ref=EZR_8:31!2|MId=o150080310022|Strong=5104 6 אַֽהֲוָ֗א אַהֲוָא PROPN _ _ 5 compound:smixut _ Gloss=of.Ahava|Ref=EZR_8:31!3|MId=o150080310031|Strong=0163 7-8 בִּשְׁנֵ֤ים _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 7 בִּ בְּ ADP _ _ 8 case _ Gloss=on.[day]|Ref=EZR_8:31!4|MId=o150080310041|Strong=0871a 8 שְׁנֵ֤ים שְׁנַיִם NUM _ Gender=Masc|Number=Dual 2 obl _ Gloss=two.plus|Ref=EZR_8:31!4|MId=o150080310042|Strong=8147|Type=cardinal_number 9 עָשָׂר֙ עָשָׂר NUM _ Gender=Masc|Number=Sing 8 flat _ Gloss=ten|Ref=EZR_8:31!5|MId=o150080310051|Strong=6240|Type=cardinal_number 10-12 לַחֹ֣דֶשׁ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 10 לַ לְ ADP _ _ 12 case _ Gloss=of|Ref=EZR_8:31!6|MId=o150080310061|Strong=3807a 11 ה הַ DET _ PronType=Art 12 det _ Gloss=the|Ref=EZR_8:31!6|MId=o150080310061ה|Strong=1886a|Type=definite_article 12 חֹ֣דֶשׁ חֹדֶשׁ NOUN _ Gender=Masc|Number=Sing 8 nmod _ Gloss=month|Ref=EZR_8:31!6|MId=o150080310062|Strong=2320 13-14 הָרִאשׁ֔וֹן _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 13 הָ הַ DET _ PronType=Art 14 det _ Gloss=(the)|Ref=EZR_8:31!7|MId=o150080310071|Strong=1886a|Type=definite_article 14 רִאשׁ֔וֹן רִאשׁוֹן ADJ _ Gender=Masc|Number=Sing 12 amod _ Gloss=first|Ref=EZR_8:31!7|MId=o150080310072|Strong=7223|Type=ordinal_number 15-16 לָלֶ֖כֶת _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 15 לָ לְ ADP _ _ 16 case _ Gloss=to|Ref=EZR_8:31!8|MId=o150080310081|Strong=3807a 16 לֶ֖כֶת הלך VERB _ HebBinyan=QAL 2 advcl _ Gloss=go|Ref=EZR_8:31!8|MId=o150080310082|Strong=1980|Frame=A0:150080010021;150080010042;150070250021;150080300022;150080300033;|Type=infinitive_construct 17 יְרוּשָׁלִָ֑ם יְרוּשָׁלִַ͏ם PROPN _ _ 16 obl _ Gloss=Jerusalem|Ref=EZR_8:31!9|MId=o150080310091|Strong=3389 18-19 וְיַד־ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 18 וְ וְ CCONJ _ _ 24 cc _ Gloss=and|Ref=EZR_8:31!10|MId=o150080310101|Strong=2050b 19 יַד־ יָד NOUN _ Number=Sing 24 nsubj _ Gloss=the.hand|Ref=EZR_8:31!10|MId=o150080310102|Strong=3027 20-21 אֱלֹהֵ֙ינוּ֙ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 20 אֱלֹהֵ֙י אֱלֹהִים NOUN _ Gender=Masc|Number=Plur 19 compound:smixut _ Gloss=our.God|Ref=EZR_8:31!11|MId=o150080310111|Strong=0430 21 נוּ֙ הוּא PRON _ Gender=Com|Number=Plur|Person=1|PronType=Prs 20 nmod:poss _ Gloss=our|Ref=EZR_8:31!11|MId=o150080310112|Strong=5105a|Type=pronominal 22 הָיְתָ֣ה הָיָה AUX _ Gender=Fem|HebBinyan=QAL|Number=Sing|Person=3 24 cop _ Gloss=it.was|Ref=EZR_8:31!12|MId=o150080310121|Strong=1961|Frame=A0:150080310102;|Type=qatal 23-24 עָלֵ֔ינוּ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 23 עָלֵ֔י עַל ADP _ _ 24 case _ Gloss=on|Ref=EZR_8:31!13|MId=o150080310131|Strong=5921 24 נוּ הוּא PRON _ Gender=Com|Number=Plur|Person=1|PronType=Prs 2 conj _ Gloss=us|Ref=EZR_8:31!13|MId=o150080310132|Strong=5105a|Type=pronominal 25-27 וַיַּ֨צִּילֵ֔נוּ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 25 וַ וְ CCONJ _ _ 26 cc _ Gloss=and|Ref=EZR_8:31!14|MId=o150080310141|Strong=2050b 26 יַּ֨צִּיל נָצַל VERB _ Gender=Masc|HebBinyan=HIPHIL|Number=Sing|Person=3 2 conj _ Gloss=he|Ref=EZR_8:31!14|MId=o150080310142|Strong=5337|Frame=AA:150080310111;A0:150080310143;|Type=wayyiqtol 27 ֵ֔נוּ הוּא PRON _ Gender=Com|Number=Plur|Person=1|PronType=Prs 26 obj _ Gloss=delivered.us|Ref=EZR_8:31!14|MId=o150080310143|Strong=5105a|Type=pronominal 28-29 מִכַּ֥ף _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 28 מִ מִן ADP _ _ 29 case _ Gloss=from.[the]|Ref=EZR_8:31!15|MId=o150080310151|Strong=4480 29 כַּ֥ף כַּף NOUN _ Gender=Fem|Number=Sing 26 obl _ Gloss=palm|Ref=EZR_8:31!15|MId=o150080310152|Strong=3709 30 אוֹיֵ֛ב אָיַב NOUN _ Gender=Masc|HebBinyan=QAL|Number=Sing 29 compound:smixut _ Gloss=of.an.enemy|Ref=EZR_8:31!16|MId=o150080310161|Strong=0341|Type=participle_active 31-32 וְאוֹרֵ֖ב _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 31 וְ וְ CCONJ _ _ 32 cc _ Gloss=and|Ref=EZR_8:31!17|MId=o150080310171|Strong=2050b 32 אוֹרֵ֖ב אָרַב NOUN _ Gender=Masc|HebBinyan=QAL|Number=Sing 30 conj _ Gloss=from.an.ambusher|Ref=EZR_8:31!17|MId=o150080310172|Strong=0693|Type=participle_active 33 עַל־ עַל ADP _ _ 35 case _ Gloss=on|Ref=EZR_8:31!18|MId=o150080310181|Strong=5921|SpaceAfter=No 34-35 הַדָּֽרֶךְ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 34 הַ הַ DET _ PronType=Art 35 det _ Gloss=the|Ref=EZR_8:31!19|MId=o150080310191|Strong=1886a|Type=definite_article 35 דָּֽרֶךְ דֶּרֶךְ NOUN _ Number=Sing 26 obl _ Gloss=journey|Ref=EZR_8:31!19|MId=o150080310192|Strong=1870 36 ׃ ׃ PUNCT _ _ 35 punct _ Ref=EZR_8:31!19 ``` ## Pragmatics {#pragmatics} - form: statement - act: assert - voice: character - speech: inside a quote begun earlier - negation: no | verb | form · stem | who (A0) | what, whom (A1) | to whom, further (A2) | who makes it happen (AA) | | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | | נִּסְע *we* | wayyiqtol · qal | | | | | | לֶכֶת *go* | infinitive construct · qal | | | | | | הָיְתָה *it was* | qatal · qal | יַד־ *the hand* | | | | | יַּצִּיל *he* | wayyiqtol · hiphil | ֵנוּ *delivered us* | | | אֱלֹהֵי *our God* | MACULA's semantic frames: for each verb the head word of each participant. A0 is the one who acts, A1 what the act is done to or is about, A2 a further participant; AA, with a causative verb, the one who makes it happen. ## English, JPS 1917 {#english} Each sentence on its own page, with its tree and pragmatics. A sentence that runs on into the next verse is listed under the verse it begins in. 1. [Then we departed from the river of Ahava on the twelfth day of the first month, to go unto Jerusalem; and the hand of our God was upon us, and He delivered us from the hand of the enemy and lier-in-wait by the way.](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/ketuvim/jps/EZR.220/) **Hebrew text:** Westminster Leningrad Codex, public domain. **Tree, glosses and frames:** MACULA Hebrew Linguistic Datasets, available at [github.com/Clear-Bible/macula-hebrew](https://github.com/Clear-Bible/macula-hebrew/), [CC BY 4.0](https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/); converted to Universal Dependencies by Mova (words in text order, a prefix its own word). **Speech act:** Mova's rules on the MACULA words (`macula prag`). **Targum:** Onkelos (Torat Emet), Jonathan and the Writings (Mikraot Gedolot), from Sefaria, public domain. **English:** JPS 1917, public domain; trees and speech acts by Mova's cycle, frames by Mova's reader (Elamur Cosmic License). Hebrew sentence `wlc:EZR:148`. - ← previous: [Ezra 8:30](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/ketuvim/EZR.8.30/) - next →: [Ezra 8:32](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/ketuvim/EZR.8.32/) - ↑ back to [Ezra 8](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/ketuvim/EZR/8/)