--- title: Job 19:12 — His troops come on together, and cast up their way against me, and e… · Hebrew, tree and pragmatics description: His troops come on together, and cast up their way against me, and encamp round about my tent. Who acts: troops. Job 19:12 in Hebrew with its dependency tree, the Targum, JPS 1917 and the pragmatics of every clause. --- [Mova](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) · [this page in HTML](https://mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/ketuvim/JOB.19.12/) [home](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) / [corpora](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/) / [Tanakh](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/tanakh/) / [Ketuvim](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/ketuvim/) / [Job](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/ketuvim/JOB/) / [chapter 19](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/ketuvim/JOB/19/) / 19:12 # Job 19:12 אִיּוֹב **Who acts:** troops · **What happens:** come on, cast up, encamp · **To what, where:** way This is Job 19:12 from Mova's open Bible corpus, the Tanakh in three languages (Ketuvim — the Writings). The page gives the verse in Hebrew as the Westminster Leningrad Codex has it, its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, built from MACULA Hebrew — and its pragmatics: who acts — troops — and what happens in the verse to way, read clause by clause by Mova's frames. Beside it stand the Aramaic of the Targum and the English of the Jewish Publication Society's 1917 translation, each English sentence with a tree of its own. It is one of the 42 chapters of Job on this site, all built by Mova itself from its own trees, with no large model in between. יַ֤חַד ׀ יָ֘בֹ֤אוּ גְדוּדָ֗יו וַיָּסֹ֣לּוּ עָלַ֣י דַּרְכָּ֑ם וַיַּחֲנ֖וּ סָבִ֣יב לְאָהֳלִֽי׃ [His troops come on together, and cast up their way against me, and encamp round about my tent.](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/ketuvim/jps/JOB.478/) ## The tree {#tree} Right to left, as the Hebrew is read; a prefix or suffix is a word of its own, and a line under the words joins those written as one. Under each word its part of speech and MACULA's English gloss. ```conllu rtl gloss # sent_id = wlc:JOB:439 # text = יַ֤חַד ׀ יָ֘בֹ֤אוּ גְדוּדָ֗יו וַיָּסֹ֣לּוּ עָלַ֣י דַּרְכָּ֑ם וַיַּחֲנ֖וּ סָבִ֣יב לְאָהֳלִֽי׃ # verse = JOB.19.12 1 יַ֤חַד יַחַד ADV _ _ 3 advmod _ Gloss=together|Ref=JOB_19:12!1|MId=o180190120011|Strong=3162 2 ׀ ׀ PUNCT _ _ 1 punct _ Ref=JOB_19:12!1 3 יָ֘בֹ֤אוּ בּוֹא VERB _ Gender=Masc|HebBinyan=QAL|Number=Plur|Person=3 0 root _ Gloss=they.have.come|Ref=JOB_19:12!2|MId=o180190120021|Strong=0935|Frame=A0:180190120031;|Type=yiqtol 4-5 גְדוּדָ֗יו _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 4 גְדוּדָ֗י גְּדוּד NOUN _ Gender=Masc|Number=Plur 3 nsubj _ Gloss=troops|Ref=JOB_19:12!3|MId=o180190120031|Strong=1416 5 ו הוּא PRON _ Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs 4 nmod:poss _ Gloss=his|Ref=JOB_19:12!3|MId=o180190120032|Strong=2050c|Type=pronominal 6-7 וַיָּסֹ֣לּוּ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 6 וַ וְ CCONJ _ _ 7 cc _ Gloss=and|Ref=JOB_19:12!4|MId=o180190120041|Strong=2050b 7 יָּסֹ֣לּוּ סָלַל VERB _ Gender=Masc|HebBinyan=QAL|Number=Plur|Person=3 3 conj _ Gloss=they.have.cast.up|Ref=JOB_19:12!4|MId=o180190120042|Strong=5549|Frame=A0:180190120031;A1:180190120061;|Type=wayyiqtol 8-9 עָלַ֣י _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 8 עָל עַל ADP _ _ 9 case _ Gloss=on|Ref=JOB_19:12!5|MId=o180190120051|Strong=5921 9 ַ֣י הוּא PRON _ Gender=Com|Number=Sing|Person=1|PronType=Prs 7 obl _ Gloss=me|Ref=JOB_19:12!5|MId=o180190120052|Strong=2967a|Type=pronominal 10-11 דַּרְכָּ֑ם _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 10 דַּרְכּ דֶּרֶךְ NOUN _ Number=Sing 7 obj _ Gloss=way|Ref=JOB_19:12!6|MId=o180190120061|Strong=1870 11 ָ֑ם הוּא PRON _ Gender=Masc|Number=Plur|Person=3|PronType=Prs 10 nmod:poss _ Gloss=their|Ref=JOB_19:12!6|MId=o180190120062|Strong=3963a|Type=pronominal 12-13 וַיַּחֲנ֖וּ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 12 וַ וְ CCONJ _ _ 13 cc _ Gloss=and|Ref=JOB_19:12!7|MId=o180190120071|Strong=2050b 13 יַּחֲנ֖וּ חָנָה VERB _ Gender=Masc|HebBinyan=QAL|Number=Plur|Person=3 3 conj _ Gloss=they.have.encamped|Ref=JOB_19:12!7|MId=o180190120072|Strong=2583|Frame=A0:180190120031;|Type=wayyiqtol 14 סָבִ֣יב סָבִיב ADV _ Number=Sing 13 advmod _ Gloss=all.around|Ref=JOB_19:12!8|MId=o180190120081|Strong=5439 15-17 לְאָהֳלִֽי _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 15 לְ לְ ADP _ _ 16 case _ Gloss=(to)|Ref=JOB_19:12!9|MId=o180190120091|Strong=3807a 16 אָהֳל אֹהֶל NOUN _ Gender=Masc|Number=Sing 13 obl _ Gloss=tent|Ref=JOB_19:12!9|MId=o180190120092|Strong=0168 17 ִֽי הוּא PRON _ Gender=Com|Number=Sing|Person=1|PronType=Prs 16 nmod:poss _ Gloss=my|Ref=JOB_19:12!9|MId=o180190120093|Strong=2967a|Type=pronominal 18 ׃ ׃ PUNCT _ _ 17 punct _ Ref=JOB_19:12!9 ``` ## Pragmatics {#pragmatics} - form: statement - act: assert - voice: character - speech: inside a quote begun earlier - negation: no | verb | form · stem | who (A0) | what, whom (A1) | to whom, further (A2) | who makes it happen (AA) | | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | | יָבֹאוּ *they have come* | yiqtol · qal | גְדוּדָי *troops* | | | | | יָּסֹלּוּ *they have cast up* | wayyiqtol · qal | גְדוּדָי *troops* | דַּרְכּ *way* | | | | יַּחֲנוּ *they have encamped* | wayyiqtol · qal | גְדוּדָי *troops* | | | | MACULA's semantic frames: for each verb the head word of each participant. A0 is the one who acts, A1 what the act is done to or is about, A2 a further participant; AA, with a causative verb, the one who makes it happen. ## The Targum {#onkelos} כַּחֲדָא יֵיתוּן אוֹכְלוֹסוֹהִי וּכְבַשׁוּ עַלַי אָרְחָתְהוֹן וּשְׁרוּן חֲזוֹר חֲזוֹר לְמַשְׁכְּנִי: The Aramaic translation read beside the Hebrew. Text only: Mova has no Aramaic parser yet. ## English, JPS 1917 {#english} Each sentence on its own page, with its tree and pragmatics. A sentence that runs on into the next verse is listed under the verse it begins in. 1. [His troops come on together, and cast up their way against me, and encamp round about my tent.](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/ketuvim/jps/JOB.478/) **Hebrew text:** Westminster Leningrad Codex, public domain. **Tree, glosses and frames:** MACULA Hebrew Linguistic Datasets, available at [github.com/Clear-Bible/macula-hebrew](https://github.com/Clear-Bible/macula-hebrew/), [CC BY 4.0](https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/); converted to Universal Dependencies by Mova (words in text order, a prefix its own word). **Speech act:** Mova's rules on the MACULA words (`macula prag`). **Targum:** Onkelos (Torat Emet), Jonathan and the Writings (Mikraot Gedolot), from Sefaria, public domain. **English:** JPS 1917, public domain; trees and speech acts by Mova's cycle, frames by Mova's reader (Elamur Cosmic License). Hebrew sentence `wlc:JOB:439`. - ← previous: [Job 19:11](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/ketuvim/JOB.19.11/) - next →: [Job 19:13](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/ketuvim/JOB.19.13/) - ↑ back to [Job 19](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/ketuvim/JOB/19/)