--- title: Job 2:11 — Now when Job's three friends heard of all this evil that was come up… · Hebrew, tree and pragmatics description: Now when Job's three friends heard of all this evil that was come upon him, they came every one from his own place, Eliphaz the Temanite, and Bildad the Shuhite, and Zophar the Naamathite; and they made an appointment together to come to bemoan him and to comfort him. Who acts: three friends, friend --- [Mova](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) · [this page in HTML](https://mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/ketuvim/JOB.2.11/) [home](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) / [corpora](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/) / [Tanakh](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/tanakh/) / [Ketuvim](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/ketuvim/) / [Job](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/ketuvim/JOB/) / [chapter 2](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/ketuvim/JOB/2/) / 2:11 # Job 2:11 אִיּוֹב **Who acts:** three friends, friends · **What happens:** hear, come, make, bemoan, comfort · **To what, where:** evil, one, own place, appointment, Job This is Job 2:11 from Mova's open Bible corpus, the Tanakh in three languages (Ketuvim — the Writings). The page gives the verse in Hebrew as the Westminster Leningrad Codex has it, its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, built from MACULA Hebrew — and its pragmatics: who acts — three friends, friends — and what happens in the verse to evil, one, own place, appointment, Job, read clause by clause by Mova's frames. Beside it stand the Aramaic of the Targum and the English of the Jewish Publication Society's 1917 translation, each English sentence with a tree of its own. It is one of the 42 chapters of Job on this site, all built by Mova itself from its own trees, with no large model in between. וַֽיִּשְׁמְע֞וּ שְׁלֹ֣שֶׁת ׀ רֵעֵ֣י אִיּ֗וֹב אֵ֣ת כָּל־הָרָעָ֣ה הַזֹּאת֮ הַבָּ֣אָה עָלָיו֒ וַיָּבֹ֙אוּ֙ אִ֣ישׁ מִמְּקֹמ֔וֹ אֱלִיפַ֤ז הַתֵּימָנִי֙ וּבִלְדַּ֣ד הַשּׁוּחִ֔י וְצוֹפַ֖ר הַנַּֽעֲמָתִ֑י וַיִּוָּעֲד֣וּ יַחְדָּ֔ו לָב֥וֹא לָנֽוּד־ל֖וֹ וּֽלְנַחֲמֽוֹ׃ [Now when Job's three friends heard of all this evil that was come upon him, they came every one from his own place, Eliphaz the Temanite, and Bildad the Shuhite, and Zophar the Naamathite; and they made an appointment together to come to bemoan him and to comfort him.](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/ketuvim/jps/JOB.34/) ## The tree {#tree} Right to left, as the Hebrew is read; a prefix or suffix is a word of its own, and a line under the words joins those written as one. Under each word its part of speech and MACULA's English gloss. ```conllu rtl gloss # sent_id = wlc:JOB:32 # text = וַֽיִּשְׁמְע֞וּ שְׁלֹ֣שֶׁת ׀ רֵעֵ֣י אִיּ֗וֹב אֵ֣ת כָּל־הָרָעָ֣ה הַזֹּאת֮ הַבָּ֣אָה עָלָיו֒ וַיָּבֹ֙אוּ֙ אִ֣ישׁ מִמְּקֹמ֔וֹ אֱלִיפַ֤ז הַתֵּימָנִי֙ וּבִלְדַּ֣ד הַשּׁוּחִ֔י וְצוֹפַ֖ר הַנַּֽעֲמָתִ֑י וַיִּוָּעֲד֣וּ יַחְדָּ֔ו לָב֥וֹא לָנֽוּד־ל֖וֹ וּֽלְנַחֲמֽוֹ׃ # verse = JOB.2.11 1-2 וַֽיִּשְׁמְע֞וּ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 1 וַֽ וְ CCONJ _ _ 2 cc _ Gloss=and|Ref=JOB_2:11!1|MId=o180020110011|Strong=2050b 2 יִּשְׁמְע֞וּ שָׁמַע VERB _ Gender=Masc|HebBinyan=QAL|Number=Plur|Person=3 0 root _ Gloss=they.heard|Ref=JOB_2:11!1|MId=o180020110012|Strong=8085|Frame=A0:180020110031;A1:180020110072;|Type=wayyiqtol 3 שְׁלֹ֣שֶׁת שָׁלֹשׁ NUM _ Gender=Masc|Number=Sing 5 nummod _ Gloss=the.three|Ref=JOB_2:11!2|MId=o180020110021|Strong=7969|Type=cardinal_number 4 ׀ ׀ PUNCT _ _ 3 punct _ Ref=JOB_2:11!2 5 רֵעֵ֣י רֵעַ NOUN _ Gender=Masc|Number=Plur 2 nsubj _ Gloss=the.friends|Ref=JOB_2:11!3|MId=o180020110031|Strong=7453 6 אִיּ֗וֹב אִיּוֹב PROPN _ _ 5 compound:smixut _ Gloss=of.Job|Ref=JOB_2:11!4|MId=o180020110041|Strong=0347 7 אֵ֣ת אֵת ADP _ _ 8 case _ Gloss=(et)|Ref=JOB_2:11!5|MId=o180020110051|Strong=0853|Type=direct_object_marker 8 כָּל־ כֹּל NOUN _ Gender=Masc|Number=Sing 2 obj _ Gloss=all|Ref=JOB_2:11!6|MId=o180020110061|Strong=3605|SpaceAfter=No 9-10 הָרָעָ֣ה _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 9 הָ הַ DET _ PronType=Art 10 det _ Gloss=the|Ref=JOB_2:11!7|MId=o180020110071|Strong=1886a|Type=definite_article 10 רָעָ֣ה רָעָה NOUN _ Gender=Fem|Number=Sing 8 compound:smixut _ Gloss=evil|Ref=JOB_2:11!7|MId=o180020110072|Strong=7451b 11-12 הַזֹּאת֮ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 11 הַ הַ DET _ PronType=Art 12 det _ Gloss=(the)|Ref=JOB_2:11!8|MId=o180020110081|Strong=1886a|Type=definite_article 12 זֹּאת֮ זֹאת DET _ Gender=Fem|Number=Sing|PronType=Dem 10 det _ Gloss=this|Ref=JOB_2:11!8|MId=o180020110082|Strong=2063|Type=demonstrative 13-14 הַבָּ֣אָה _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 13 הַ הַ SCONJ _ _ 14 mark _ Gloss=which|Ref=JOB_2:11!9|MId=o180020110091|Strong=1886a|Type=definite_article 14 בָּ֣אָה בּוֹא VERB _ Gender=Fem|HebBinyan=QAL|Number=Sing|Person=3 10 appos _ Gloss=it.had.come|Ref=JOB_2:11!9|MId=o180020110092|Strong=0935|Frame=A0:180020110072;|Type=qatal 15-16 עָלָיו֒ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 15 עָלָי עַל ADP _ _ 16 case _ Gloss=on|Ref=JOB_2:11!10|MId=o180020110101|Strong=5921 16 ו֒ הוּא PRON _ Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs 14 obl _ Gloss=him|Ref=JOB_2:11!10|MId=o180020110102|Strong=2050c|Type=pronominal 17-18 וַיָּבֹ֙אוּ֙ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 17 וַ וְ CCONJ _ _ 18 cc _ Gloss=and|Ref=JOB_2:11!11|MId=o180020110111|Strong=2050b 18 יָּבֹ֙אוּ֙ בּוֹא VERB _ Gender=Masc|HebBinyan=QAL|Number=Plur|Person=3 2 conj _ Gloss=they.came|Ref=JOB_2:11!11|MId=o180020110112|Strong=0935|Frame=A0:180020110141;180020110162;180020110182;|Type=wayyiqtol 19 אִ֣ישׁ אִישׁ NOUN _ Gender=Masc|Number=Sing 18 obl _ Gloss=each.one|Ref=JOB_2:11!12|MId=o180020110121|Strong=0376 20-22 מִמְּקֹמ֔וֹ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 20 מִ מִן ADP _ _ 21 case _ Gloss=from|Ref=JOB_2:11!13|MId=o180020110131|Strong=4480 21 מְּקֹמ מָקוֹם NOUN _ Gender=Masc|Number=Sing 18 obl _ Gloss=his.own|Ref=JOB_2:11!13|MId=o180020110132|Strong=4725 22 ֔וֹ הוּא PRON _ Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs 21 nmod:poss _ Gloss=place|Ref=JOB_2:11!13|MId=o180020110133|Strong=2050c|Type=pronominal 23 אֱלִיפַ֤ז אֱלִיפַז PROPN _ _ 18 nsubj _ Gloss=Eliphaz|Ref=JOB_2:11!14|MId=o180020110141|Strong=0464 24-25 הַתֵּימָנִי֙ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 24 הַ הַ DET _ PronType=Art 25 det _ Gloss=the|Ref=JOB_2:11!15|MId=o180020110151|Strong=1886a|Type=definite_article 25 תֵּימָנִי֙ תֵּימָנִי NOUN _ Gender=Masc|Number=Sing 23 appos _ Gloss=Temanite|Ref=JOB_2:11!15|MId=o180020110152|Strong=8489|Type=gentilic 26-27 וּבִלְדַּ֣ד _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 26 וּ וְ CCONJ _ _ 27 cc _ Gloss=and|Ref=JOB_2:11!16|MId=o180020110161|Strong=2050b 27 בִלְדַּ֣ד בִּלְדַּד PROPN _ _ 23 conj _ Gloss=Bildad|Ref=JOB_2:11!16|MId=o180020110162|Strong=1085 28-29 הַשּׁוּחִ֔י _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 28 הַ הַ DET _ PronType=Art 29 det _ Gloss=the|Ref=JOB_2:11!17|MId=o180020110171|Strong=1886a|Type=definite_article 29 שּׁוּחִ֔י שׁוּחִי NOUN _ Gender=Masc|Number=Sing 27 appos _ Gloss=Shuhite|Ref=JOB_2:11!17|MId=o180020110172|Strong=7747|Type=gentilic 30-31 וְצוֹפַ֖ר _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 30 וְ וְ CCONJ _ _ 31 cc _ Gloss=and|Ref=JOB_2:11!18|MId=o180020110181|Strong=2050b 31 צוֹפַ֖ר צֹפַר PROPN _ _ 23 conj _ Gloss=Zophar|Ref=JOB_2:11!18|MId=o180020110182|Strong=6691 32-33 הַנַּֽעֲמָתִ֑י _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 32 הַ הַ DET _ PronType=Art 33 det _ Gloss=the|Ref=JOB_2:11!19|MId=o180020110191|Strong=1886a|Type=definite_article 33 נַּֽעֲמָתִ֑י נַעֲמָתִי NOUN _ Gender=Masc|Number=Sing 31 appos _ Gloss=Naamathite|Ref=JOB_2:11!19|MId=o180020110192|Strong=5284|Type=gentilic 34-35 וַיִּוָּעֲד֣וּ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 34 וַ וְ CCONJ _ _ 35 cc _ Gloss=and|Ref=JOB_2:11!20|MId=o180020110201|Strong=2050b 35 יִּוָּעֲד֣וּ יָעַד VERB _ Gender=Masc|HebBinyan=NIPHAL|Number=Plur|Person=3 2 conj _ Gloss=they.met.by.appointment|Ref=JOB_2:11!20|MId=o180020110202|Strong=3259|Frame=A0:180020110141;180020110162;180020110182;|Type=wayyiqtol 36 יַחְדָּ֔ו יָחְדָּו ADV _ _ 35 advmod _ Gloss=together|Ref=JOB_2:11!21|MId=o180020110211|Strong=3162a 37-38 לָב֥וֹא _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 37 לָ לְ ADP _ _ 38 case _ Gloss=to|Ref=JOB_2:11!22|MId=o180020110221|Strong=3807a 38 ב֥וֹא בּוֹא VERB _ HebBinyan=QAL 35 advcl _ Gloss=come|Ref=JOB_2:11!22|MId=o180020110222|Strong=0935|Frame=A0:180020110141;180020110162;180020110182;|Type=infinitive_construct 39-40 לָנֽוּד־ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 39 לָ לְ ADP _ _ 40 case _ Gloss=to|Ref=JOB_2:11!23|MId=o180020110231|Strong=3807a 40 נֽוּד־ נוּד VERB _ HebBinyan=QAL 38 advcl _ Gloss=show.sympathy|Ref=JOB_2:11!23|MId=o180020110232|Strong=5110|Frame=A0:180020110141;180020110162;180020110182;|Type=infinitive_construct 41-42 ל֖וֹ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 41 ל לְ ADP _ _ 42 case _ Gloss=to|Ref=JOB_2:11!24|MId=o180020110241|Strong=3807a 42 ֖וֹ הוּא PRON _ Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs 40 obl _ Gloss=him|Ref=JOB_2:11!24|MId=o180020110242|Strong=2050c|Type=pronominal 43-46 וּֽלְנַחֲמֽוֹ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 43 וּֽ וְ CCONJ _ _ 45 cc _ Gloss=and|Ref=JOB_2:11!25|MId=o180020110251|Strong=2050b 44 לְ לְ ADP _ _ 45 case _ Gloss=to|Ref=JOB_2:11!25|MId=o180020110252|Strong=3807a 45 נַחֲמ נָחַם VERB _ HebBinyan=PIEL 40 conj _ Gloss=comfort|Ref=JOB_2:11!25|MId=o180020110253|Strong=5162|Frame=A0:180020110141;180020110162;180020110182;A1:180020110254;|Type=infinitive_construct 46 ֽוֹ הוּא PRON _ Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs 45 obj _ Gloss=him|Ref=JOB_2:11!25|MId=o180020110254|Strong=2050c|Type=pronominal 47 ׃ ׃ PUNCT _ _ 46 punct _ Ref=JOB_2:11!25 ``` ## Pragmatics {#pragmatics} - form: statement - act: narrate - voice: narrator - speech: narration - negation: no | verb | form · stem | who (A0) | what, whom (A1) | to whom, further (A2) | who makes it happen (AA) | | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | | יִּשְׁמְעוּ *they heard* | wayyiqtol · qal | רֵעֵי *the friends* | רָעָה *evil* | | | | בָּאָה *it had come* | qatal · qal | רָעָה *evil* | | | | | יָּבֹאוּ *they came* | wayyiqtol · qal | אֱלִיפַז *Eliphaz* + בִלְדַּד *Bildad* + צוֹפַר *Zophar* | | | | | יִּוָּעֲדוּ *they met by appointment* | wayyiqtol · niphal | אֱלִיפַז *Eliphaz* + בִלְדַּד *Bildad* + צוֹפַר *Zophar* | | | | | בוֹא *come* | infinitive construct · qal | אֱלִיפַז *Eliphaz* + בִלְדַּד *Bildad* + צוֹפַר *Zophar* | | | | | נֽוּד־ *show sympathy* | infinitive construct · qal | אֱלִיפַז *Eliphaz* + בִלְדַּד *Bildad* + צוֹפַר *Zophar* | | | | | נַחֲמ *comfort* | infinitive construct · piel | אֱלִיפַז *Eliphaz* + בִלְדַּד *Bildad* + צוֹפַר *Zophar* | ֽוֹ *him* | | | MACULA's semantic frames: for each verb the head word of each participant. A0 is the one who acts, A1 what the act is done to or is about, A2 a further participant; AA, with a causative verb, the one who makes it happen. ## The Targum {#onkelos} וּשְׁמַעוּ תְּלָתָא חַבְרֵי אִיוֹב יַת כָּל בִּישְׁתָּא הָדָא דַאֲתָת עֲלוֹהִי (כַּד חָמוּן יַת אִילָנֵי פַּרְדְסֵיהוֹן דִי יַבִּישׁוּ וּלְחַם סְעוּדַתְהוֹן אִתְהַפָּךְ לְבִיסְרָא חַיָא וַחֲמַר מִשְׁתֵּיהוֹן אִתְהַפֵּךְ לִדְמָא) וַאֲתוֹ גְבַר מֵאַתְרֵיהּ (וּבְהָא זְכוּתָא אִתְפְּצִיוּ מִן אֲתַר מְזוּמָן לְהוֹן בְּגֵהִנָם) אֱלִיפַז דִי מִן תֵּימָן וּבִלְדַד דִי מִן שׁוּחַ וְצוֹפַר דִי מִן נַעֲמָה וְאִתְחַבָּרוּ כַחֲדָא לְמֵיתֵי לְמֵגָד לֵיהּ וּלְנַחְמוּתֵיהּ: The Aramaic translation read beside the Hebrew. Text only: Mova has no Aramaic parser yet. ## English, JPS 1917 {#english} Each sentence on its own page, with its tree and pragmatics. A sentence that runs on into the next verse is listed under the verse it begins in. 1. [Now when Job's three friends heard of all this evil that was come upon him, they came every one from his own place, Eliphaz the Temanite, and Bildad the Shuhite, and Zophar the Naamathite; and they made an appointment together to come to bemoan him and to comfort him.](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/ketuvim/jps/JOB.34/) **Hebrew text:** Westminster Leningrad Codex, public domain. **Tree, glosses and frames:** MACULA Hebrew Linguistic Datasets, available at [github.com/Clear-Bible/macula-hebrew](https://github.com/Clear-Bible/macula-hebrew/), [CC BY 4.0](https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/); converted to Universal Dependencies by Mova (words in text order, a prefix its own word). **Speech act:** Mova's rules on the MACULA words (`macula prag`). **Targum:** Onkelos (Torat Emet), Jonathan and the Writings (Mikraot Gedolot), from Sefaria, public domain. **English:** JPS 1917, public domain; trees and speech acts by Mova's cycle, frames by Mova's reader (Elamur Cosmic License). Hebrew sentence `wlc:JOB:32`. - ← previous: [Job 2:10](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/ketuvim/JOB.2.10/) - next →: [Job 2:12](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/ketuvim/JOB.2.12/) - ↑ back to [Job 2](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/ketuvim/JOB/2/)