--- title: Job 24:13 — These are of them that rebel against the light; they know not the wa… · Hebrew, tree and pragmatics description: These are of them that rebel against the light; they know not the ways thereof, nor abide in the paths thereof. Who acts: These, men. Job 24:13 in Hebrew with its dependency tree, the Targum, JPS 1917 and the pragmatics of every clause. --- [Mova](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) · [this page in HTML](https://mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/ketuvim/JOB.24.13/) [home](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) / [corpora](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/) / [Tanakh](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/tanakh/) / [Ketuvim](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/ketuvim/) / [Job](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/ketuvim/JOB/) / [chapter 24](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/ketuvim/JOB/24/) / 24:13 # Job 24:13 אִיּוֹב **Who acts:** These, men · **What happens:** be, rebel, not know, abide · **To what, where:** ways, paths This is Job 24:13 from Mova's open Bible corpus, the Tanakh in three languages (Ketuvim — the Writings). The page gives the verse in Hebrew as the Westminster Leningrad Codex has it, its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, built from MACULA Hebrew — and its pragmatics: who acts — These, men — and what happens in the verse to ways, paths, read clause by clause by Mova's frames. Beside it stand the Aramaic of the Targum and the English of the Jewish Publication Society's 1917 translation, each English sentence with a tree of its own. It is one of the 42 chapters of Job on this site, all built by Mova itself from its own trees, with no large model in between. הֵ֤מָּה ׀ הָיוּ֮ בְּֽמֹרְדֵ֫י־א֥וֹר לֹֽא־הִכִּ֥ירוּ דְרָכָ֑יו וְלֹ֥א יָ֝שְׁב֗וּ בִּנְתִיבֹתָֽיו׃ [These are of them that rebel against the light; they know not the ways thereof, nor abide in the paths thereof.](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/ketuvim/jps/JOB.633/) ## The tree {#tree} Right to left, as the Hebrew is read; a prefix or suffix is a word of its own, and a line under the words joins those written as one. Under each word its part of speech and MACULA's English gloss. ```conllu rtl gloss # sent_id = wlc:JOB:579 # text = הֵ֤מָּה ׀ הָיוּ֮ בְּֽמֹרְדֵ֫י־א֥וֹר לֹֽא־הִכִּ֥ירוּ דְרָכָ֑יו וְלֹ֥א יָ֝שְׁב֗וּ בִּנְתִיבֹתָֽיו׃ # verse = JOB.24.13 1 הֵ֤מָּה הֵמָּה PRON _ Gender=Masc|Number=Plur|Person=3|PronType=Prs 5 nsubj _ Gloss=they|Ref=JOB_24:13!1|MId=o180240130011|Strong=1992|Type=personal 2 ׀ ׀ PUNCT _ _ 1 punct _ Ref=JOB_24:13!1 3 הָיוּ֮ הָיָה AUX _ Gender=Com|HebBinyan=QAL|Number=Plur|Person=3 5 cop _ Gloss=they.are|Ref=JOB_24:13!2|MId=o180240130021|Strong=1961|Frame=A0:180240130011;|Type=qatal 4-5 בְּֽמֹרְדֵ֫י־ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 4 בְּֽ בְּ ADP _ _ 5 case _ Gloss=among|Ref=JOB_24:13!3|MId=o180240130031|Strong=0871a 5 מֹרְדֵ֫י־ מָרַד VERB _ Gender=Masc|HebBinyan=QAL|Number=Plur 0 root _ Gloss=[those.who].rebel.against|Ref=JOB_24:13!3|MId=o180240130032|Strong=4775|Frame=A1:180240130041;|Type=participle_active 6 א֥וֹר אוֹר NOUN _ Number=Sing 5 compound:smixut _ Gloss=(of).[the].light|Ref=JOB_24:13!4|MId=o180240130041|Strong=0216 7 לֹֽא־ לֹא ADV _ _ 8 advmod _ Gloss=not|Ref=JOB_24:13!5|MId=o180240130051|Strong=3808|Type=negative|SpaceAfter=No 8 הִכִּ֥ירוּ נָכַר VERB _ Gender=Com|HebBinyan=HIPHIL|Number=Plur|Person=3 5 parataxis _ Gloss=they.pay.regard.to|Ref=JOB_24:13!6|MId=o180240130061|Strong=5234|Frame=AA:180240060061;A0:180240130071;|Type=qatal 9-10 דְרָכָ֑יו _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 9 דְרָכָ֑י דֶּרֶךְ NOUN _ Number=Plur 8 obj _ Gloss=ways|Ref=JOB_24:13!7|MId=o180240130071|Strong=1870 10 ו הוּא PRON _ Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs 9 nmod:poss _ Gloss=its|Ref=JOB_24:13!7|MId=o180240130072|Strong=2050c|Type=pronominal 11-12 וְלֹ֥א _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 11 וְ וְ CCONJ _ _ 13 cc _ Gloss=and|Ref=JOB_24:13!8|MId=o180240130081|Strong=2050b 12 לֹ֥א לֹא ADV _ _ 13 advmod _ Gloss=not|Ref=JOB_24:13!8|MId=o180240130082|Strong=3808|Type=negative 13 יָ֝שְׁב֗וּ יָשַׁב VERB _ Gender=Com|HebBinyan=QAL|Number=Plur|Person=3 5 conj _ Gloss=they.dwell|Ref=JOB_24:13!9|MId=o180240130091|Strong=3427|Frame=A0:180240060061;|Type=qatal 14-16 בִּנְתִיבֹתָֽיו _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 14 בִּ בְּ ADP _ _ 15 case _ Gloss=in|Ref=JOB_24:13!10|MId=o180240130101|Strong=0871a 15 נְתִיבֹתָֽי נְתִיבָה NOUN _ Number=Plur 13 obl _ Gloss=paths|Ref=JOB_24:13!10|MId=o180240130102|Strong=5410 16 ו הוּא PRON _ Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs 15 nmod:poss _ Gloss=its|Ref=JOB_24:13!10|MId=o180240130103|Strong=2050c|Type=pronominal 17 ׃ ׃ PUNCT _ _ 16 punct _ Ref=JOB_24:13!10 ``` ## Pragmatics {#pragmatics} - form: statement - act: assert - voice: narrator - speech: narration - negation: yes | verb | form · stem | who (A0) | what, whom (A1) | to whom, further (A2) | who makes it happen (AA) | | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | | הָיוּ *they are* | qatal · qal | הֵמָּה *they* | | | | | מֹרְדֵי־ *\[those who\] rebel against* | participle active · qal | | אוֹר *(of) \[the\] light* | | | | **not** הִכִּירוּ *they pay regard to* | qatal · hiphil | דְרָכָי *ways* | | | | | **not** יָשְׁבוּ *they dwell* | qatal · qal | | | | | MACULA's semantic frames: for each verb the head word of each participant. A0 is the one who acts, A1 what the act is done to or is about, A2 a further participant; AA, with a causative verb, the one who makes it happen. ## The Targum {#onkelos} הִנוּן הֲוָן בְּמָרְדִין בְּאוֹרַיְתָא לָא אִשְׁתְּמוֹדְעוּן אוֹרְחָתֵיהּ וְלָא אִתְיַתֵּבוּ בִּשְׁבִילוֹי: The Aramaic translation read beside the Hebrew. Text only: Mova has no Aramaic parser yet. ## English, JPS 1917 {#english} Each sentence on its own page, with its tree and pragmatics. A sentence that runs on into the next verse is listed under the verse it begins in. 1. [These are of them that rebel against the light; they know not the ways thereof, nor abide in the paths thereof.](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/ketuvim/jps/JOB.633/) **Hebrew text:** Westminster Leningrad Codex, public domain. **Tree, glosses and frames:** MACULA Hebrew Linguistic Datasets, available at [github.com/Clear-Bible/macula-hebrew](https://github.com/Clear-Bible/macula-hebrew/), [CC BY 4.0](https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/); converted to Universal Dependencies by Mova (words in text order, a prefix its own word). **Speech act:** Mova's rules on the MACULA words (`macula prag`). **Targum:** Onkelos (Torat Emet), Jonathan and the Writings (Mikraot Gedolot), from Sefaria, public domain. **English:** JPS 1917, public domain; trees and speech acts by Mova's cycle, frames by Mova's reader (Elamur Cosmic License). Hebrew sentence `wlc:JOB:579`. - ← previous: [Job 24:12](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/ketuvim/JOB.24.12/) - next →: [Job 24:14](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/ketuvim/JOB.24.14/) - ↑ back to [Job 24](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/ketuvim/JOB/24/)