--- title: Lamentations 1:10 — The adversary hath spread out his hand upon all her treasures; for s… · Hebrew, tree and pragmatics description: The adversary hath spread out his hand upon all her treasures; for she hath seen that the heathen are entered into her sanctuary, concerning whom Thou didst command that they should not enter into Thy congregation. Who acts: adversary, Jerusalem, Thou, adversaries. Lamentations 1:10 in Hebrew with i --- [Mova](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) · [this page in HTML](https://mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/ketuvim/LAM.1.10/) [home](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) / [corpora](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/) / [Tanakh](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/tanakh/) / [Ketuvim](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/ketuvim/) / [Lamentations](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/ketuvim/LAM/) / [chapter 1](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/ketuvim/LAM/1/) / 1:10 # Lamentations 1:10 אֵיכָה **Who acts:** adversary, Jerusalem, Thou, adversaries · **What happens:** spread out, see, enter, command, not enter, treasure · **To what, where:** hand, treasures, heathen, sanctuary, congregation · **Speech:** someone speaks in this verse This is Lamentations 1:10 from Mova's open Bible corpus, the Tanakh in three languages (Ketuvim — the Writings). The page gives the verse in Hebrew as the Westminster Leningrad Codex has it, its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, built from MACULA Hebrew — and its pragmatics: who acts — adversary, Jerusalem, Thou, adversaries — and what happens in the verse to hand, treasures, heathen, sanctuary, congregation, read clause by clause by Mova's frames. Beside it stand the Aramaic of the Targum and the English of the Jewish Publication Society's 1917 translation, each English sentence with a tree of its own. It is one of the 5 chapters of Lamentations on this site, all built by Mova itself from its own trees, with no large model in between. יָדוֹ֙ פָּ֣רַשׂ צָ֔ר עַ֖ל כָּל־מַחֲמַדֶּ֑יהָ כִּֽי־רָאֲתָ֤ה גוֹיִם֙ בָּ֣אוּ מִקְדָּשָׁ֔הּ אֲשֶׁ֣ר צִוִּ֔יתָה לֹא־יָבֹ֥אוּ בַקָּהָ֖ל לָֽךְ׃ס [The adversary hath spread out his hand upon all her treasures; for she hath seen that the heathen are entered into her sanctuary, concerning whom Thou didst command that they should not enter into Thy congregation.](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/ketuvim/jps/LAM.11/) ## The tree {#tree} Right to left, as the Hebrew is read; a prefix or suffix is a word of its own, and a line under the words joins those written as one. Under each word its part of speech and MACULA's English gloss. ```conllu rtl gloss # sent_id = wlc:LAM:9 # text = יָדוֹ֙ פָּ֣רַשׂ צָ֔ר עַ֖ל כָּל־מַחֲמַדֶּ֑יהָ כִּֽי־רָאֲתָ֤ה גוֹיִם֙ בָּ֣אוּ מִקְדָּשָׁ֔הּ אֲשֶׁ֣ר צִוִּ֔יתָה לֹא־יָבֹ֥אוּ בַקָּהָ֖ל לָֽךְ׃ס # verse = LAM.1.10 1-2 יָדוֹ֙ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 1 יָד יָד NOUN _ Number=Sing 3 obj _ Gloss=hand|Ref=LAM_1:10!1|MId=o250010100011|Strong=3027 2 וֹ֙ הוּא PRON _ Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs 1 nmod:poss _ Gloss=his|Ref=LAM_1:10!1|MId=o250010100012|Strong=2050c|Type=pronominal 3 פָּ֣רַשׂ פָּרַשׂ VERB _ Gender=Masc|HebBinyan=QAL|Number=Sing|Person=3 0 root _ Gloss=he.has.spread.out|Ref=LAM_1:10!2|MId=o250010100021|Strong=6566|Frame=A1:250010100011;A0:250010100031;|Type=qatal 4 צָ֔ר צַר NOUN _ Gender=Masc|Number=Sing 3 nsubj _ Gloss=[the].foe|Ref=LAM_1:10!3|MId=o250010100031|Strong=6862a 5 עַ֖ל עַל ADP _ _ 6 case _ Gloss=over|Ref=LAM_1:10!4|MId=o250010100041|Strong=5921 6 כָּל־ כֹּל NOUN _ Gender=Masc|Number=Sing 3 obl _ Gloss=all|Ref=LAM_1:10!5|MId=o250010100051|Strong=3605|SpaceAfter=No 7-8 מַחֲמַדֶּ֑יהָ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 7 מַחֲמַדֶּ֑י מַחְמָד NOUN _ Gender=Masc|Number=Plur 6 compound:smixut _ Gloss=things|Ref=LAM_1:10!6|MId=o250010100061|Strong=4261 8 הָ הוּא PRON _ Gender=Fem|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs 7 nmod:poss _ Gloss=its.desirable|Ref=LAM_1:10!6|MId=o250010100062|Strong=1886d|Type=pronominal 9 כִּֽי־ כִּי SCONJ _ _ 10 mark _ Gloss=(dm)|Ref=LAM_1:10!7|MId=o250010100071|Strong=3588|SpaceAfter=No 10 רָאֲתָ֤ה רָאָה VERB _ Gender=Fem|HebBinyan=QAL|Number=Sing|Person=3 3 advcl _ Gloss=it.saw|Ref=LAM_1:10!8|MId=o250010100081|Strong=7200|Frame=A0:250010080031;A1:250010100101;|Type=qatal 11 גוֹיִם֙ גּוֹי NOUN _ Gender=Masc|Number=Plur 12 nsubj _ Gloss=nations|Ref=LAM_1:10!9|MId=o250010100091|Strong=1471 12 בָּ֣אוּ בּוֹא VERB _ Gender=Com|HebBinyan=QAL|Number=Plur|Person=3 10 ccomp _ Gloss=[which].they.went|Ref=LAM_1:10!10|MId=o250010100101|Strong=0935|Frame=A0:250010100091;|Type=qatal 13-14 מִקְדָּשָׁ֔הּ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 13 מִקְדָּשׁ מִקְדָּשׁ NOUN _ Gender=Masc|Number=Sing 12 obl _ Gloss=sanctuary|Ref=LAM_1:10!11|MId=o250010100111|Strong=4720 14 ָ֔הּ הוּא PRON _ Gender=Fem|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs 13 nmod:poss _ Gloss=its|Ref=LAM_1:10!11|MId=o250010100112|Strong=1886d|Type=pronominal 15 אֲשֶׁ֣ר אֲשֶׁר SCONJ _ _ 16 mark _ Gloss=which|Ref=LAM_1:10!12|MId=o250010100121|Strong=0834|Type=relative 16 צִוִּ֔יתָה צָוָה VERB _ Gender=Masc|HebBinyan=PIEL|Number=Sing|Person=2 3 parataxis _ Gloss=you.had.commanded|Ref=LAM_1:10!13|MId=o250010100131|Strong=6680|Frame=A0:250010090121;A1:250010100151;|Type=qatal 17 לֹא־ לֹא ADV _ _ 18 advmod _ Gloss=not|Ref=LAM_1:10!14|MId=o250010100141|Strong=3808|Type=negative|SpaceAfter=No 18 יָבֹ֥אוּ בּוֹא VERB _ Gender=Masc|HebBinyan=QAL|Number=Plur|Person=3 16 ccomp _ Gloss=they.will.come|Ref=LAM_1:10!15|MId=o250010100151|Strong=0935|Frame=A0:250010100091;|Type=yiqtol 19-21 בַקָּהָ֖ל _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 19 בַ בְּ ADP _ _ 21 case _ Gloss=in|Ref=LAM_1:10!16|MId=o250010100161|Strong=0871a 20 ה הַ DET _ PronType=Art 21 det _ Gloss=the|Ref=LAM_1:10!16|MId=o250010100161ה|Strong=1886a|Type=definite_article 21 קָּהָ֖ל קָהָל NOUN _ Gender=Masc|Number=Sing 18 obl _ Gloss=assembly|Ref=LAM_1:10!16|MId=o250010100162|Strong=6951 22-23 לָֽךְ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 22 ל לְ ADP _ _ 23 case _ Gloss=|Ref=LAM_1:10!17|MId=o250010100171|Strong=3807a 23 ָֽךְ הוּא PRON _ Gender=Fem|Number=Sing|Person=2|PronType=Prs 21 nmod _ Gloss=your|Ref=LAM_1:10!17|MId=o250010100172|Strong=3509b|Type=pronominal 24 ׃ ׃ PUNCT _ _ 23 punct _ Ref=LAM_1:10!17|SpaceAfter=No 25 ס ס PUNCT _ _ 23 punct _ Ref=LAM_1:10!17 ``` ## Pragmatics {#pragmatics} - form: statement - act: assert - voice: character - speech: a frame and its quote - negation: yes - the frame alone: decl · assert · none | verb | form · stem | who (A0) | what, whom (A1) | to whom, further (A2) | who makes it happen (AA) | | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | | פָּרַשׂ *he has spread out* | qatal · qal | צָר *\[the\] foe* | יָד *hand* | | | | רָאֲתָה *it saw* | qatal · qal | | בָּאוּ *\[which\] they went* | | | | בָּאוּ *\[which\] they went* | qatal · qal | גוֹיִם *nations* | | | | | צִוִּיתָה *you had commanded* | qatal · piel | | יָבֹאוּ *they will come* | | | | **not** יָבֹאוּ *they will come* | yiqtol · qal | גוֹיִם *nations* | | | | MACULA's semantic frames: for each verb the head word of each participant. A0 is the one who acts, A1 what the act is done to or is about, A2 a further participant; AA, with a causative verb, the one who makes it happen. ## The Targum {#onkelos} יְדֵיהּ אוֹשִׁיט נְבוּכַדְנֶצַּר רַשִּׁיעָא וְשָׁלַף סַיְפָא וּקְטַע כָּל רִיגוּגָהּ אַף כְּנִשְׁתָּא דְיִשְׂרָאֵל שְׁרִיאַת לְיַלָּלָא אֲרוּם חֲזַת עַמְּמִין נוּכְרָאִין עֲלוּ לְבֵית מוּקְדְּשָׁהּ דִּי פַקֵּדְתְּ עַל יְדוֹי דְמשֶׁה נְבִיָּא עַל עַמּוֹן וּמוֹאָב דְלָא יִדְכּוּן לְמֵיעַל בִּקְהָלָא דִּי לָךְ: The Aramaic translation read beside the Hebrew. Text only: Mova has no Aramaic parser yet. ## English, JPS 1917 {#english} Each sentence on its own page, with its tree and pragmatics. A sentence that runs on into the next verse is listed under the verse it begins in. 1. [The adversary hath spread out his hand upon all her treasures; for she hath seen that the heathen are entered into her sanctuary, concerning whom Thou didst command that they should not enter into Thy congregation.](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/ketuvim/jps/LAM.11/) **Hebrew text:** Westminster Leningrad Codex, public domain. **Tree, glosses and frames:** MACULA Hebrew Linguistic Datasets, available at [github.com/Clear-Bible/macula-hebrew](https://github.com/Clear-Bible/macula-hebrew/), [CC BY 4.0](https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/); converted to Universal Dependencies by Mova (words in text order, a prefix its own word). **Speech act:** Mova's rules on the MACULA words (`macula prag`). **Targum:** Onkelos (Torat Emet), Jonathan and the Writings (Mikraot Gedolot), from Sefaria, public domain. **English:** JPS 1917, public domain; trees and speech acts by Mova's cycle, frames by Mova's reader (Elamur Cosmic License). Hebrew sentence `wlc:LAM:9`. - ← previous: [Lamentations 1:9](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/ketuvim/LAM.1.9/) - next →: [Lamentations 1:11](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/ketuvim/LAM.1.11/) - ↑ back to [Lamentations 1](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/ketuvim/LAM/1/)