--- title: Lamentations 1:15 — The Lord hath set at nought all my mighty men in the midst of me; He… · Hebrew, tree and pragmatics description: The Lord hath set at nought all my mighty men in the midst of me; He hath called a solemn assembly against me to crush my young men; the Lord hath trodden as in a winepress the virgin the daughter of Judah.' Who acts: Lord. Lamentations 1:15 in Hebrew with its dependency tree, the Targum, JPS 1917 a --- [Mova](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) · [this page in HTML](https://mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/ketuvim/LAM.1.15/) [home](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) / [corpora](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/) / [Tanakh](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/tanakh/) / [Ketuvim](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/ketuvim/) / [Lamentations](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/ketuvim/LAM/) / [chapter 1](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/ketuvim/LAM/1/) / 1:15 # Lamentations 1:15 אֵיכָה **Who acts:** Lord · **What happens:** set, call, crush, tread · **To what, where:** mighty men, nought, solemn assembly, young men, virgin · **Speech:** someone speaks in this verse This is Lamentations 1:15 from Mova's open Bible corpus, the Tanakh in three languages (Ketuvim — the Writings). The page gives the verse in Hebrew as the Westminster Leningrad Codex has it, its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, built from MACULA Hebrew — and its pragmatics: who acts — Lord — and what happens in the verse to mighty men, nought, solemn assembly, young men, virgin, read clause by clause by Mova's frames. Beside it stand the Aramaic of the Targum and the English of the Jewish Publication Society's 1917 translation, each English sentence with a tree of its own. It is one of the 5 chapters of Lamentations on this site, all built by Mova itself from its own trees, with no large model in between. סִלָּ֨ה כָל־אַבִּירַ֤י ׀ אֲדֹנָי֙ בְּקִרְבִּ֔י קָרָ֥א עָלַ֛י מוֹעֵ֖ד לִשְׁבֹּ֣ר בַּחוּרָ֑י גַּ֚ת דָּרַ֣ךְ אֲדֹנָ֔י לִבְתוּלַ֖ת בַּת־יְהוּדָֽה׃ס [The Lord hath set at nought all my mighty men in the midst of me; He hath called a solemn assembly against me to crush my young men; the Lord hath trodden as in a winepress the virgin the daughter of Judah.'](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/ketuvim/jps/LAM.17/) ## The tree {#tree} Right to left, as the Hebrew is read; a prefix or suffix is a word of its own, and a line under the words joins those written as one. Under each word its part of speech and MACULA's English gloss. ```conllu rtl gloss # sent_id = wlc:LAM:14 # text = סִלָּ֨ה כָל־אַבִּירַ֤י ׀ אֲדֹנָי֙ בְּקִרְבִּ֔י קָרָ֥א עָלַ֛י מוֹעֵ֖ד לִשְׁבֹּ֣ר בַּחוּרָ֑י גַּ֚ת דָּרַ֣ךְ אֲדֹנָ֔י לִבְתוּלַ֖ת בַּת־יְהוּדָֽה׃ס # verse = LAM.1.15 1 סִלָּ֨ה סָלָה VERB _ Gender=Masc|HebBinyan=PIEL|Number=Sing|Person=3 0 root _ Gloss=he.has.thrown.away|Ref=LAM_1:15!1|MId=o250010150011|Strong=5541|Frame=A1:250010150031;A0:250010150041;|Type=qatal 2 כָל־ כֹּל NOUN _ Gender=Masc|Number=Sing 1 obj _ Gloss=all|Ref=LAM_1:15!2|MId=o250010150021|Strong=3605|SpaceAfter=No 3-4 אַבִּירַ֤י _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 3 אַבִּיר אַבִּיר ADJ _ Gender=Masc|Number=Plur 2 compound:smixut _ Gloss=my.mighty|Ref=LAM_1:15!3|MId=o250010150031|Strong=0047|Type=adjective 4 ַ֤י הוּא PRON _ Gender=Com|Number=Sing|Person=1|PronType=Prs 3 nmod:poss _ Gloss=[ones]|Ref=LAM_1:15!3|MId=o250010150032|Strong=2967a|Type=pronominal 5 ׀ ׀ PUNCT _ _ 4 punct _ Ref=LAM_1:15!3 6-7 אֲדֹנָי֙ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 6 אֲדֹנ אֲדֹנָי NOUN _ Gender=Masc|Number=Plur 1 nsubj _ Gloss=Lord|Ref=LAM_1:15!4|MId=o250010150041|Strong=0136 7 ָי֙ הוּא PRON _ Gender=Com|Number=Sing|Person=1|PronType=Prs 6 nmod:poss _ Gloss=[the]|Ref=LAM_1:15!4|MId=o250010150042|Strong=2967a|Type=pronominal 8-10 בְּקִרְבִּ֔י _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 8 בְּ בְּ ADP _ _ 9 case _ Gloss=in|Ref=LAM_1:15!5|MId=o250010150051|Strong=0871a 9 קִרְבּ קֶרֶב NOUN _ Gender=Masc|Number=Sing 1 obl _ Gloss=midst|Ref=LAM_1:15!5|MId=o250010150052|Strong=7130 10 ִ֔י הוּא PRON _ Gender=Com|Number=Sing|Person=1|PronType=Prs 9 nmod:poss _ Gloss=my|Ref=LAM_1:15!5|MId=o250010150053|Strong=2967a|Type=pronominal 11 קָרָ֥א קָרָא VERB _ Gender=Masc|HebBinyan=QAL|Number=Sing|Person=3 1 parataxis _ Gloss=he.has.proclaimed|Ref=LAM_1:15!6|MId=o250010150061|Strong=7121|Frame=A0:250010150041;A1:250010150081;|Type=qatal 12-13 עָלַ֛י _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 12 עָל עַל ADP _ _ 13 case _ Gloss=on|Ref=LAM_1:15!7|MId=o250010150071|Strong=5921 13 ַ֛י הוּא PRON _ Gender=Com|Number=Sing|Person=1|PronType=Prs 11 obl _ Gloss=me|Ref=LAM_1:15!7|MId=o250010150072|Strong=2967a|Type=pronominal 14 מוֹעֵ֖ד מוֹעֵד NOUN _ Gender=Masc|Number=Sing 11 obj _ Gloss=an.appointed.meeting|Ref=LAM_1:15!8|MId=o250010150081|Strong=4150 15-16 לִשְׁבֹּ֣ר _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 15 לִ לְ ADP _ _ 16 case _ Gloss=to|Ref=LAM_1:15!9|MId=o250010150091|Strong=3807a 16 שְׁבֹּ֣ר שָׁבַר VERB _ HebBinyan=QAL 11 advcl _ Gloss=break|Ref=LAM_1:15!9|MId=o250010150092|Strong=7665|Frame=A0:250010150081;A1:250010150101;|Type=infinitive_construct 17-18 בַּחוּרָ֑י _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 17 בַּחוּר בָּחוּר NOUN _ Gender=Masc|Number=Plur 16 obj _ Gloss=men|Ref=LAM_1:15!10|MId=o250010150101|Strong=0970 18 ָ֑י הוּא PRON _ Gender=Com|Number=Sing|Person=1|PronType=Prs 17 nmod:poss _ Gloss=my.young|Ref=LAM_1:15!10|MId=o250010150102|Strong=2967a|Type=pronominal 19 גַּ֚ת גַּת NOUN _ Gender=Fem|Number=Sing 20 obj _ Gloss=a.winepress|Ref=LAM_1:15!11|MId=o250010150111|Strong=1660 20 דָּרַ֣ךְ דָּרַךְ VERB _ Gender=Masc|HebBinyan=QAL|Number=Sing|Person=3 11 ccomp _ Gloss=he.has.trodden|Ref=LAM_1:15!12|MId=o250010150121|Strong=1869|Frame=A1:250010150111;A0:250010150131;|Type=qatal 21-22 אֲדֹנָ֔י _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 21 אֲדֹנ אֲדֹנָי NOUN _ Gender=Masc|Number=Plur 20 nsubj _ Gloss=Lord|Ref=LAM_1:15!13|MId=o250010150131|Strong=0136 22 ָ֔י הוּא PRON _ Gender=Com|Number=Sing|Person=1|PronType=Prs 21 nmod:poss _ Gloss=[the]|Ref=LAM_1:15!13|MId=o250010150132|Strong=2967a|Type=pronominal 23-24 לִבְתוּלַ֖ת _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 23 לִ לְ ADP _ _ 24 case _ Gloss=for|Ref=LAM_1:15!14|MId=o250010150141|Strong=3807a 24 בְתוּלַ֖ת בְּתוּלָה NOUN _ Gender=Fem|Number=Sing 20 obl _ Gloss=the.virgin|Ref=LAM_1:15!14|MId=o250010150142|Strong=1330 25 בַּת־ בַּת NOUN _ Gender=Fem|Number=Sing 24 compound:smixut _ Gloss=of.the.daughter|Ref=LAM_1:15!15|MId=o250010150151|Strong=1323|SpaceAfter=No 26 יְהוּדָֽה יְהוּדָה PROPN _ _ 25 compound:smixut _ Gloss=of.Judah|Ref=LAM_1:15!16|MId=o250010150161|Strong=3063|SpaceAfter=No 27 ׃ ׃ PUNCT _ _ 26 punct _ Ref=LAM_1:15!16|SpaceAfter=No 28 ס ס PUNCT _ _ 26 punct _ Ref=LAM_1:15!16 ``` ## Pragmatics {#pragmatics} - form: statement - act: assert - voice: character - speech: a frame and its quote - negation: no - the frame alone: decl · assert · none | verb | form · stem | who (A0) | what, whom (A1) | to whom, further (A2) | who makes it happen (AA) | | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | | סִלָּה *he has thrown away* | qatal · piel | אֲדֹנ *Lord* | אַבִּיר *my mighty* | | | | קָרָא *he has proclaimed* | qatal · qal | אֲדֹנ *Lord* | מוֹעֵד *an appointed meeting* | | | | שְׁבֹּר *break* | infinitive construct · qal | מוֹעֵד *an appointed meeting* | בַּחוּר *men* | | | | דָּרַךְ *he has trodden* | qatal · qal | אֲדֹנ *Lord* | גַּת *a winepress* | | | MACULA's semantic frames: for each verb the head word of each participant. A0 is the one who acts, A1 what the act is done to or is about, A2 a further participant; AA, with a causative verb, the one who makes it happen. ## The Targum {#onkelos} כְנַשׁ כָּל תַּקִּיפַי יְיָ בֵּינִי אֲרַע זְמַן עָלַי לִתְבִירָא חֵיל עוּלֵימַי וְעָלוּ עַמְמַיָּא עַל גְזֵירַת מֵימְרָא דַייָ וְסָאִיבוּ בְתוּלְתָּא דְבֵית יְהוּדָה דִּי הֲוָה דִמְהוֹן דִבְתוּלְתְּהוֹן מִיתְשַׁד הֵיךְ כַּחֲמָר מִן מַעֲצַרְתָּא בְעִידַן דִגְּבַר מְבַעִיט יָת עִנְבִין חֲמַר עִינְבוֹהִי שַׁדְיָין: The Aramaic translation read beside the Hebrew. Text only: Mova has no Aramaic parser yet. ## English, JPS 1917 {#english} Each sentence on its own page, with its tree and pragmatics. A sentence that runs on into the next verse is listed under the verse it begins in. 1. [The Lord hath set at nought all my mighty men in the midst of me; He hath called a solemn assembly against me to crush my young men; the Lord hath trodden as in a winepress the virgin the daughter of Judah.'](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/ketuvim/jps/LAM.17/) **Hebrew text:** Westminster Leningrad Codex, public domain. **Tree, glosses and frames:** MACULA Hebrew Linguistic Datasets, available at [github.com/Clear-Bible/macula-hebrew](https://github.com/Clear-Bible/macula-hebrew/), [CC BY 4.0](https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/); converted to Universal Dependencies by Mova (words in text order, a prefix its own word). **Speech act:** Mova's rules on the MACULA words (`macula prag`). **Targum:** Onkelos (Torat Emet), Jonathan and the Writings (Mikraot Gedolot), from Sefaria, public domain. **English:** JPS 1917, public domain; trees and speech acts by Mova's cycle, frames by Mova's reader (Elamur Cosmic License). Hebrew sentence `wlc:LAM:14`. - ← previous: [Lamentations 1:14](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/ketuvim/LAM.1.14/) - next →: [Lamentations 1:16](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/ketuvim/LAM.1.16/) - ↑ back to [Lamentations 1](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/ketuvim/LAM/1/)