--- title: Lamentations 1:17 — Zion spreadeth forth her hands; there is none to comfort her; the LO… · Hebrew, tree and pragmatics description: Zion spreadeth forth her hands; there is none to comfort her; the LORD hath commanded concerning Jacob, that they that are round about him should be his adversaries; Jerusalem is among them as one unclean. Who acts: Zion, none, LORD, enemies. Lamentations 1:17 in Hebrew with its dependency tree, the --- [Mova](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) · [this page in HTML](https://mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/ketuvim/LAM.1.17/) [home](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) / [corpora](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/) / [Tanakh](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/tanakh/) / [Ketuvim](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/ketuvim/) / [Lamentations](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/ketuvim/LAM/) / [chapter 1](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/ketuvim/LAM/1/) / 1:17 # Lamentations 1:17 אֵיכָה **Who acts:** Zion, none, LORD, enemies, Jerusalem · **What happens:** spread, be, comfort, command, concern · **To what, where:** hands, Zion, adversaries · **Speech:** someone speaks in this verse This is Lamentations 1:17 from Mova's open Bible corpus, the Tanakh in three languages (Ketuvim — the Writings). The page gives the verse in Hebrew as the Westminster Leningrad Codex has it, its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, built from MACULA Hebrew — and its pragmatics: who acts — Zion, none, LORD, enemies, Jerusalem — and what happens in the verse to hands, Zion, adversaries, read clause by clause by Mova's frames. Beside it stand the Aramaic of the Targum and the English of the Jewish Publication Society's 1917 translation, each English sentence with a tree of its own. It is one of the 5 chapters of Lamentations on this site, all built by Mova itself from its own trees, with no large model in between. פֵּֽרְשָׂ֨ה צִיּ֜וֹן בְּיָדֶ֗יהָ אֵ֤ין מְנַחֵם֙ לָ֔הּ צִוָּ֧ה יְהוָ֛ה לְיַעֲקֹ֖ב סְבִיבָ֣יו צָרָ֑יו הָיְתָ֧ה יְרוּשָׁלִַ֛ם לְנִדָּ֖ה בֵּינֵיהֶֽם׃ס [Zion spreadeth forth her hands; there is none to comfort her; the LORD hath commanded concerning Jacob, that they that are round about him should be his adversaries; Jerusalem is among them as one unclean.](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/ketuvim/jps/LAM.19/) ## The tree {#tree} Right to left, as the Hebrew is read; a prefix or suffix is a word of its own, and a line under the words joins those written as one. Under each word its part of speech and MACULA's English gloss. ```conllu rtl gloss # sent_id = wlc:LAM:16 # text = פֵּֽרְשָׂ֨ה צִיּ֜וֹן בְּיָדֶ֗יהָ אֵ֤ין מְנַחֵם֙ לָ֔הּ צִוָּ֧ה יְהוָ֛ה לְיַעֲקֹ֖ב סְבִיבָ֣יו צָרָ֑יו הָיְתָ֧ה יְרוּשָׁלִַ֛ם לְנִדָּ֖ה בֵּינֵיהֶֽם׃ס # verse = LAM.1.17 1 פֵּֽרְשָׂ֨ה פָּרַשׂ VERB _ Gender=Fem|HebBinyan=PIEL|Number=Sing|Person=3 0 root _ Gloss=it.has.spread.out|Ref=LAM_1:17!1|MId=o250010170011|Strong=6566|Frame=A0:250010170021;|Type=qatal 2 צִיּ֜וֹן צִיּוֹן PROPN _ _ 1 nsubj _ Gloss=Zion|Ref=LAM_1:17!2|MId=o250010170021|Strong=6726 3-5 בְּיָדֶ֗יהָ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 3 בְּ בְּ ADP _ _ 4 case _ Gloss=(in)|Ref=LAM_1:17!3|MId=o250010170031|Strong=0871a 4 יָדֶ֗י יָד NOUN _ Number=Dual 1 obl _ Gloss=hands|Ref=LAM_1:17!3|MId=o250010170032|Strong=3027 5 הָ הוּא PRON _ Gender=Fem|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs 4 nmod:poss _ Gloss=its|Ref=LAM_1:17!3|MId=o250010170033|Strong=1886d|Type=pronominal 6 אֵ֤ין אַיִן ADV _ _ 1 parataxis _ Gloss=there.[is].not|Ref=LAM_1:17!4|MId=o250010170041|Strong=0369|Type=negative 7 מְנַחֵם֙ נָחַם VERB _ Gender=Masc|HebBinyan=PIEL|Number=Sing 6 nsubj _ Gloss=a.comforter|Ref=LAM_1:17!5|MId=o250010170051|Strong=5162|Type=participle_active 8-9 לָ֔הּ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 8 ל לְ ADP _ _ 9 case _ Gloss=for|Ref=LAM_1:17!6|MId=o250010170061|Strong=3807a 9 ָ֔הּ הוּא PRON _ Gender=Fem|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs 6 obl _ Gloss=it|Ref=LAM_1:17!6|MId=o250010170062|Strong=1886d|Type=pronominal 10 צִוָּ֧ה צָוָה VERB _ Gender=Masc|HebBinyan=PIEL|Number=Sing|Person=3 1 parataxis _ Gloss=he.has.commanded|Ref=LAM_1:17!7|MId=o250010170071|Strong=6680|Frame=A0:250010170081;|Type=qatal 11 יְהוָ֛ה יהוה PROPN _ _ 10 nsubj _ Gloss=Yahweh|Ref=LAM_1:17!8|MId=o250010170081|Strong=3068 12-13 לְיַעֲקֹ֖ב _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 12 לְ לְ ADP _ _ 13 case _ Gloss=of|Ref=LAM_1:17!9|MId=o250010170091|Strong=3807a 13 יַעֲקֹ֖ב יַעֲקֹב PROPN _ _ 10 obl _ Gloss=Jacob|Ref=LAM_1:17!9|MId=o250010170092|Strong=3290 14-15 סְבִיבָ֣יו _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 14 סְבִיבָ֣י סָבִיב ADV _ Number=Plur 16 nsubj _ Gloss=[those].around|Ref=LAM_1:17!10|MId=o250010170101|Strong=5439 15 ו הוּא PRON _ Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs 14 nmod:poss _ Gloss=him|Ref=LAM_1:17!10|MId=o250010170102|Strong=2050c|Type=pronominal 16-17 צָרָ֑יו _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 16 צָרָ֑י צַר NOUN _ Gender=Masc|Number=Plur 10 ccomp _ Gloss=be].his.foes|Ref=LAM_1:17!11|MId=o250010170111|Strong=6862a 17 ו הוּא PRON _ Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs 16 nmod:poss _ Gloss=[will|Ref=LAM_1:17!11|MId=o250010170112|Strong=2050c|Type=pronominal 18 הָיְתָ֧ה הָיָה AUX _ Gender=Fem|HebBinyan=QAL|Number=Sing|Person=3 21 cop _ Gloss=it.has.become|Ref=LAM_1:17!12|MId=o250010170121|Strong=1961|Frame=A0:250010170131;|Type=qatal 19 יְרוּשָׁלִַ֛ם יְרוּשָׁלִַ͏ם PROPN _ _ 21 nsubj _ Gloss=Jerusalem|Ref=LAM_1:17!13|MId=o250010170131|Strong=3389 20-21 לְנִדָּ֖ה _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 20 לְ לְ ADP _ _ 21 case _ Gloss=(into).an|Ref=LAM_1:17!14|MId=o250010170141|Strong=3807a 21 נִדָּ֖ה נִדָּה NOUN _ Gender=Fem|Number=Sing 16 parataxis _ Gloss=impure.thing|Ref=LAM_1:17!14|MId=o250010170142|Strong=5079 22-23 בֵּינֵיהֶֽם _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 22 בֵּינֵי בֵּין ADP _ _ 23 case _ Gloss=between|Ref=LAM_1:17!15|MId=o250010170151|Strong=0996 23 הֶֽם הוּא PRON _ Gender=Masc|Number=Plur|Person=3|PronType=Prs 21 obl _ Gloss=them|Ref=LAM_1:17!15|MId=o250010170152|Strong=3963a|Type=pronominal 24 ׃ ׃ PUNCT _ _ 23 punct _ Ref=LAM_1:17!15|SpaceAfter=No 25 ס ס PUNCT _ _ 23 punct _ Ref=LAM_1:17!15 ``` ## Pragmatics {#pragmatics} - form: statement - act: assert - voice: character - speech: a frame and its quote - negation: yes - the frame alone: decl · assert · neg | verb | form · stem | who (A0) | what, whom (A1) | to whom, further (A2) | who makes it happen (AA) | | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | | **not** פֵּֽרְשָׂה *it has spread out* | qatal · piel | צִיּוֹן *Zion* | | | | | צִוָּה *he has commanded* | qatal · piel | יְהוָה *Yahweh* | | | | | הָיְתָה *it has become* | qatal · qal | יְרוּשָׁלִַם *Jerusalem* | | | | MACULA's semantic frames: for each verb the head word of each participant. A0 is the one who acts, A1 what the act is done to or is about, A2 a further participant; AA, with a causative verb, the one who makes it happen. ## The Targum {#onkelos} פִּרְסַת צִיּוֹן יְדָהָא מִן עַקְתָא הֵיכְמָא דִמְפַרְסָא אִיתְּתָא עַל מַתְבְּרָא בְּגִינַת וְלֵית דְמַלֵּיל תַּנְחוּמִין עַל לִבָּהּ פַקֵּד יְיָ לְבֵית יַעֲקֹב פִּיקוּדַיָּא וְאוֹרַיְיתָא לְמִינְטַר וְהִינוּן עָבְרוּ עַל גְזֵירַת מֵימְרֵיהּ בְּגִין כֵּן אִסְתַּחֲרוּ חֲזוֹר חֲזוֹר לְיַעֲקֹב מְעִיקוֹהִי הֲוַת יְרוּשְׁלֵם דַמְיָא לְאִתְּתָא מְרַחֲקָא בֵּינֵיהוֹן: The Aramaic translation read beside the Hebrew. Text only: Mova has no Aramaic parser yet. ## English, JPS 1917 {#english} Each sentence on its own page, with its tree and pragmatics. A sentence that runs on into the next verse is listed under the verse it begins in. 1. [Zion spreadeth forth her hands; there is none to comfort her; the LORD hath commanded concerning Jacob, that they that are round about him should be his adversaries; Jerusalem is among them as one unclean.](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/ketuvim/jps/LAM.19/) **Hebrew text:** Westminster Leningrad Codex, public domain. **Tree, glosses and frames:** MACULA Hebrew Linguistic Datasets, available at [github.com/Clear-Bible/macula-hebrew](https://github.com/Clear-Bible/macula-hebrew/), [CC BY 4.0](https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/); converted to Universal Dependencies by Mova (words in text order, a prefix its own word). **Speech act:** Mova's rules on the MACULA words (`macula prag`). **Targum:** Onkelos (Torat Emet), Jonathan and the Writings (Mikraot Gedolot), from Sefaria, public domain. **English:** JPS 1917, public domain; trees and speech acts by Mova's cycle, frames by Mova's reader (Elamur Cosmic License). Hebrew sentence `wlc:LAM:16`. - ← previous: [Lamentations 1:16](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/ketuvim/LAM.1.16/) - next →: [Lamentations 1:18](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/ketuvim/LAM.1.18/) - ↑ back to [Lamentations 1](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/ketuvim/LAM/1/)