--- title: Lamentations 1:19 — I called for my lovers, but they deceived me; my priests and mine el… · Hebrew, tree and pragmatics description: I called for my lovers, but they deceived me; my priests and mine elders perished in the city, while they sought them food to refresh their souls. Who acts: I, virgins, priests. Lamentations 1:19 in Hebrew with its dependency tree, the Targum, JPS 1917 and the pragmatics of every clause. --- [Mova](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) · [this page in HTML](https://mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/ketuvim/LAM.1.19/) [home](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) / [corpora](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/) / [Tanakh](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/tanakh/) / [Ketuvim](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/ketuvim/) / [Lamentations](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/ketuvim/LAM/) / [chapter 1](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/ketuvim/LAM/1/) / 1:19 # Lamentations 1:19 אֵיכָה **Who acts:** I, virgins, priests · **What happens:** call, deceive, perish, seek, refresh · **To what, where:** me, city, food, priests, souls · **Speech:** someone speaks in this verse This is Lamentations 1:19 from Mova's open Bible corpus, the Tanakh in three languages (Ketuvim — the Writings). The page gives the verse in Hebrew as the Westminster Leningrad Codex has it, its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, built from MACULA Hebrew — and its pragmatics: who acts — I, virgins, priests — and what happens in the verse to me, city, food, priests, souls, read clause by clause by Mova's frames. Beside it stand the Aramaic of the Targum and the English of the Jewish Publication Society's 1917 translation, each English sentence with a tree of its own. It is one of the 5 chapters of Lamentations on this site, all built by Mova itself from its own trees, with no large model in between. קָרָ֤אתִי לַֽמְאַהֲבַי֙ הֵ֣מָּה רִמּ֔וּנִי כֹּהֲנַ֥י וּזְקֵנַ֖י בָּעִ֣יר גָּוָ֑עוּ כִּֽי־בִקְשׁ֥וּ אֹ֙כֶל֙ לָ֔מוֹ וְיָשִׁ֖יבוּ אֶת־נַפְשָֽׁם׃ס [I called for my lovers, but they deceived me; my priests and mine elders perished in the city, while they sought them food to refresh their souls.](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/ketuvim/jps/LAM.21/) ## The tree {#tree} Right to left, as the Hebrew is read; a prefix or suffix is a word of its own, and a line under the words joins those written as one. Under each word its part of speech and MACULA's English gloss. ```conllu rtl gloss # sent_id = wlc:LAM:18 # text = קָרָ֤אתִי לַֽמְאַהֲבַי֙ הֵ֣מָּה רִמּ֔וּנִי כֹּהֲנַ֥י וּזְקֵנַ֖י בָּעִ֣יר גָּוָ֑עוּ כִּֽי־בִקְשׁ֥וּ אֹ֙כֶל֙ לָ֔מוֹ וְיָשִׁ֖יבוּ אֶת־נַפְשָֽׁם׃ס # verse = LAM.1.19 1 קָרָ֤אתִי קָרָא VERB _ Gender=Com|HebBinyan=QAL|Number=Sing|Person=1 0 root _ Gloss=I.called|Ref=LAM_1:19!1|MId=o250010190011|Strong=7121|Frame=A0:250010170021;|Type=qatal 2-5 לַֽמְאַהֲבַי֙ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 2 לַֽ לְ ADP _ _ 4 case _ Gloss=to|Ref=LAM_1:19!2|MId=o250010190021|Strong=3807a 3 ה הַ SCONJ _ _ 4 mark _ Gloss=(the)|Ref=LAM_1:19!2|MId=o250010190021ה|Strong=1886a|Type=definite_article 4 מְאַהֲב אָהֵב VERB _ Gender=Masc|HebBinyan=PIEL|Number=Plur 1 advcl _ Gloss=lovers|Ref=LAM_1:19!2|MId=o250010190022|Strong=0157|Type=participle_active 5 ַי֙ הוּא PRON _ Gender=Com|Number=Sing|Person=1|PronType=Prs 4 nmod:poss _ Gloss=my|Ref=LAM_1:19!2|MId=o250010190023|Strong=2967a|Type=pronominal 6 הֵ֣מָּה הֵמָּה PRON _ Gender=Masc|Number=Plur|Person=3|PronType=Prs 7 nsubj _ Gloss=they|Ref=LAM_1:19!3|MId=o250010190031|Strong=1992|Type=personal 7-8 רִמּ֔וּנִי _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 7 רִמּ֔וּ רָמָה VERB _ Gender=Com|HebBinyan=PIEL|Number=Plur|Person=3 1 ccomp _ Gloss=they|Ref=LAM_1:19!4|MId=o250010190041|Strong=7411a|Frame=A0:250010190031;A1:250010190042;|Type=qatal 8 נִי הוּא PRON _ Gender=Com|Number=Sing|Person=1|PronType=Prs 7 obj _ Gloss=betrayed.me|Ref=LAM_1:19!4|MId=o250010190042|Strong=5204a|Type=pronominal 9-10 כֹּהֲנַ֥י _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 9 כֹּהֲנ כֹּהֵן NOUN _ Gender=Masc|Number=Plur 17 nsubj _ Gloss=priests|Ref=LAM_1:19!5|MId=o250010190051|Strong=3548 10 ַ֥י הוּא PRON _ Gender=Com|Number=Sing|Person=1|PronType=Prs 9 nmod:poss _ Gloss=my|Ref=LAM_1:19!5|MId=o250010190052|Strong=2967a|Type=pronominal 11-13 וּזְקֵנַ֖י _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 11 וּ וְ CCONJ _ _ 12 cc _ Gloss=and|Ref=LAM_1:19!6|MId=o250010190061|Strong=2050b 12 זְקֵנ זָקֵן ADJ _ Gender=Masc|Number=Plur 9 conj _ Gloss=my|Ref=LAM_1:19!6|MId=o250010190062|Strong=2205|Type=adjective 13 ַ֖י הוּא PRON _ Gender=Com|Number=Sing|Person=1|PronType=Prs 12 nmod:poss _ Gloss=elders|Ref=LAM_1:19!6|MId=o250010190063|Strong=2967a|Type=pronominal 14-16 בָּעִ֣יר _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 14 בָּ בְּ ADP _ _ 16 case _ Gloss=in|Ref=LAM_1:19!7|MId=o250010190071|Strong=0871a 15 ה הַ DET _ PronType=Art 16 det _ Gloss=the|Ref=LAM_1:19!7|MId=o250010190071ה|Strong=1886a|Type=definite_article 16 עִ֣יר עִיר NOUN _ Gender=Fem|Number=Sing 17 obl _ Gloss=city|Ref=LAM_1:19!7|MId=o250010190072|Strong=5892 17 גָּוָ֑עוּ גָּוַע VERB _ Gender=Com|HebBinyan=QAL|Number=Plur|Person=3 7 parataxis _ Gloss=they.perished|Ref=LAM_1:19!8|MId=o250010190081|Strong=1478|Frame=A0:250010190051;250010190062;|Type=qatal 18 כִּֽי־ כִּי SCONJ _ _ 19 mark _ Gloss=(dm)|Ref=LAM_1:19!9|MId=o250010190091|Strong=3588|SpaceAfter=No 19 בִקְשׁ֥וּ בָּקַשׁ VERB _ Gender=Com|HebBinyan=PIEL|Number=Plur|Person=3 7 advcl _ Gloss=they.sought|Ref=LAM_1:19!10|MId=o250010190101|Strong=1245|Frame=A0:250010190051;250010190062;A1:250010190111;|Type=qatal 20 אֹ֙כֶל֙ אֹכֶל NOUN _ Gender=Masc|Number=Sing 19 obj _ Gloss=food|Ref=LAM_1:19!11|MId=o250010190111|Strong=0400 21-22 לָ֔מוֹ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 21 לָ֔ לְ ADP _ _ 22 case _ Gloss=for|Ref=LAM_1:19!12|MId=o250010190121|Strong=3807z 22 מוֹ הוּא PRON _ Gender=Masc|Number=Plur|Person=3|PronType=Prs 19 obl _ Gloss=themselves|Ref=LAM_1:19!12|MId=o250010190122|Strong=3963a|Type=pronominal 23-24 וְיָשִׁ֖יבוּ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 23 וְ וְ CCONJ _ _ 24 cc _ Gloss=and|Ref=LAM_1:19!13|MId=o250010190131|Strong=2050b 24 יָשִׁ֖יבוּ שׁוּב VERB _ Gender=Masc|HebBinyan=HIPHIL|Number=Plur|Person=3 7 conj _ Gloss=they.restored|Ref=LAM_1:19!13|MId=o250010190132|Strong=7725|Frame=AA:250010190051;250010190062;A0:250010190151;|Type=jussive 25 אֶת־ אֵת ADP _ _ 26 case _ Gloss=(et)|Ref=LAM_1:19!14|MId=o250010190141|Strong=0853|Type=direct_object_marker|SpaceAfter=No 26-27 נַפְשָֽׁם _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 26 נַפְשׁ נֶפֶשׁ NOUN _ Number=Sing 24 obj _ Gloss=life|Ref=LAM_1:19!15|MId=o250010190151|Strong=5315 27 ָֽם הוּא PRON _ Gender=Masc|Number=Plur|Person=3|PronType=Prs 26 nmod:poss _ Gloss=their|Ref=LAM_1:19!15|MId=o250010190152|Strong=3963a|Type=pronominal 28 ׃ ׃ PUNCT _ _ 27 punct _ Ref=LAM_1:19!15|SpaceAfter=No 29 ס ס PUNCT _ _ 27 punct _ Ref=LAM_1:19!15 ``` ## Pragmatics {#pragmatics} - form: statement - act: request - voice: character - speech: a frame and its quote - negation: no - the frame alone: decl · assert · none | verb | form · stem | who (A0) | what, whom (A1) | to whom, further (A2) | who makes it happen (AA) | | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | | קָרָאתִי *I called* | qatal · qal | | | | | | רִמּוּ *they* | qatal · piel | הֵמָּה *they* | נִי *betrayed me* | | | | גָּוָעוּ *they perished* | qatal · qal | כֹּהֲנ *priests* + זְקֵנ *my* | | | | | בִקְשׁוּ *they sought* | qatal · piel | כֹּהֲנ *priests* + זְקֵנ *my* | אֹכֶל *food* | | | | יָשִׁיבוּ *they restored* | jussive · hiphil | נַפְשׁ *life* | | | כֹּהֲנ *priests* + זְקֵנ *my* | MACULA's semantic frames: for each verb the head word of each participant. A0 is the one who acts, A1 what the act is done to or is about, A2 a further participant; AA, with a causative verb, the one who makes it happen. ## The Targum {#onkelos} אֲמָרַת יְרוּשְׁלֵם כַּד אִיתְמַסְרַת בִּידוֹי דִנְבוּכַדְנֶצַּר קָרִית לִמְרַחְמַי בֵּינֵי עַמְמַיָּא דְקַיֵּימִית עִמְהוֹן קְיָים דִּי יְסַיְיעוּנִי וְאִנּוּן חֲכִּימוּ מִינִי וְאִתְהַפְּכוּ לְחַבָּלָא יָתִי הִינוּן דְעָלוּ עִם טִיטוֹס וְאַסְפַּסְיָינוֹס וּבְנוֹ כַרְכּוֹמִין עַל יְרוּשְׁלֵם כַּהֲנַי וְסָבַי בְּגוֹ קַרְתָּא אִתְנְגִידוּ אֲרוּם תְּבָעוּ סָעִיד לַחְמָא לְהוֹן לְמֵיכַל וִיקַיְימִין יָת נַפְשֵׁיהוֹן: The Aramaic translation read beside the Hebrew. Text only: Mova has no Aramaic parser yet. ## English, JPS 1917 {#english} Each sentence on its own page, with its tree and pragmatics. A sentence that runs on into the next verse is listed under the verse it begins in. 1. [I called for my lovers, but they deceived me; my priests and mine elders perished in the city, while they sought them food to refresh their souls.](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/ketuvim/jps/LAM.21/) **Hebrew text:** Westminster Leningrad Codex, public domain. **Tree, glosses and frames:** MACULA Hebrew Linguistic Datasets, available at [github.com/Clear-Bible/macula-hebrew](https://github.com/Clear-Bible/macula-hebrew/), [CC BY 4.0](https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/); converted to Universal Dependencies by Mova (words in text order, a prefix its own word). **Speech act:** Mova's rules on the MACULA words (`macula prag`). **Targum:** Onkelos (Torat Emet), Jonathan and the Writings (Mikraot Gedolot), from Sefaria, public domain. **English:** JPS 1917, public domain; trees and speech acts by Mova's cycle, frames by Mova's reader (Elamur Cosmic License). Hebrew sentence `wlc:LAM:18`. - ← previous: [Lamentations 1:18](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/ketuvim/LAM.1.18/) - next →: [Lamentations 1:20](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/ketuvim/LAM.1.20/) - ↑ back to [Lamentations 1](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/ketuvim/LAM/1/)