--- title: Lamentations 1:21 — They have heard that I sigh, there is none to comfort me; all mine e… · Hebrew, tree and pragmatics description: They have heard that I sigh, there is none to comfort me; all mine enemies have heard of my trouble, and are glad, for Thou hast done it; Thou wilt bring the day that Thou hast proclaimed, and they shall be like unto me. Who acts: inwards, I, none, enemies. Lamentations 1:21 in Hebrew with its depen --- [Mova](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) · [this page in HTML](https://mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/ketuvim/LAM.1.21/) [home](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) / [corpora](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/) / [Tanakh](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/tanakh/) / [Ketuvim](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/ketuvim/) / [Lamentations](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/ketuvim/LAM/) / [chapter 1](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/ketuvim/LAM/1/) / 1:21 # Lamentations 1:21 אֵיכָה **Who acts:** inwards, I, none, enemies, Thou, my · **What happens:** hear, sigh, be, comfort, do, bring · **To what, where:** me, trouble, day · **Speech:** someone speaks in this verse This is Lamentations 1:21 from Mova's open Bible corpus, the Tanakh in three languages (Ketuvim — the Writings). The page gives the verse in Hebrew as the Westminster Leningrad Codex has it, its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, built from MACULA Hebrew — and its pragmatics: who acts — inwards, I, none, enemies, Thou, my — and what happens in the verse to me, trouble, day, read clause by clause by Mova's frames. Beside it stand the Aramaic of the Targum and the English of the Jewish Publication Society's 1917 translation, each English sentence with a tree of its own. It is one of the 5 chapters of Lamentations on this site, all built by Mova itself from its own trees, with no large model in between. שָׁמְע֞וּ כִּ֧י נֶאֱנָחָ֣ה אָ֗נִי אֵ֤ין מְנַחֵם֙ לִ֔י כָּל־אֹ֨יְבַ֜י שָׁמְע֤וּ רָֽעָתִי֙ שָׂ֔שׂוּ כִּ֥י אַתָּ֖ה עָשִׂ֑יתָ הֵבֵ֥אתָ יוֹם־קָרָ֖אתָ וְיִֽהְי֥וּ כָמֽוֹנִי׃ס [They have heard that I sigh, there is none to comfort me; all mine enemies have heard of my trouble, and are glad, for Thou hast done it; Thou wilt bring the day that Thou hast proclaimed, and they shall be like unto me.](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/ketuvim/jps/LAM.24/) ## The tree {#tree} Right to left, as the Hebrew is read; a prefix or suffix is a word of its own, and a line under the words joins those written as one. Under each word its part of speech and MACULA's English gloss. ```conllu rtl gloss # sent_id = wlc:LAM:20 # text = שָׁמְע֞וּ כִּ֧י נֶאֱנָחָ֣ה אָ֗נִי אֵ֤ין מְנַחֵם֙ לִ֔י כָּל־אֹ֨יְבַ֜י שָׁמְע֤וּ רָֽעָתִי֙ שָׂ֔שׂוּ כִּ֥י אַתָּ֖ה עָשִׂ֑יתָ הֵבֵ֥אתָ יוֹם־קָרָ֖אתָ וְיִֽהְי֥וּ כָמֽוֹנִי׃ס # verse = LAM.1.21 1 שָׁמְע֞וּ שָׁמַע VERB _ Gender=Com|HebBinyan=QAL|Number=Plur|Person=3 0 root _ Gloss=they.heard|Ref=LAM_1:21!1|MId=o250010210011|Strong=8085|Frame=A0:;A1:250010210031;|Type=qatal 2 כִּ֧י כִּי SCONJ _ _ 3 mark _ Gloss=(dm).that|Ref=LAM_1:21!2|MId=o250010210021|Strong=3588 3 נֶאֱנָחָ֣ה אָנַח VERB _ Gender=Fem|HebBinyan=NIPHAL|Number=Sing 1 ccomp _ Gloss=[was].groaning|Ref=LAM_1:21!3|MId=o250010210031|Strong=0584|Frame=A0:250010210041;|Type=participle_passive 4 אָ֗נִי אֲנִי PRON _ Gender=Com|Number=Sing|Person=1|PronType=Prs 3 nsubj _ Gloss=I|Ref=LAM_1:21!4|MId=o250010210041|Strong=0589|Type=personal 5 אֵ֤ין אַיִן ADV _ _ 1 parataxis _ Gloss=there.[is].not|Ref=LAM_1:21!5|MId=o250010210051|Strong=0369|Type=negative 6 מְנַחֵם֙ נָחַם VERB _ Gender=Masc|HebBinyan=PIEL|Number=Sing 5 nsubj _ Gloss=a.comforter|Ref=LAM_1:21!6|MId=o250010210061|Strong=5162|Type=participle_active 7-8 לִ֔י _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 7 ל לְ ADP _ _ 8 case _ Gloss=for|Ref=LAM_1:21!7|MId=o250010210071|Strong=3807a 8 ִ֔י הוּא PRON _ Gender=Com|Number=Sing|Person=1|PronType=Prs 5 obl _ Gloss=me|Ref=LAM_1:21!7|MId=o250010210072|Strong=2967a|Type=pronominal 9 כָּל־ כֹּל NOUN _ Gender=Masc|Number=Sing 12 nsubj _ Gloss=all|Ref=LAM_1:21!8|MId=o250010210081|Strong=3605|SpaceAfter=No 10-11 אֹ֨יְבַ֜י _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 10 אֹ֨יְב אָיַב NOUN _ Gender=Masc|HebBinyan=QAL|Number=Plur 9 compound:smixut _ Gloss=enemies|Ref=LAM_1:21!9|MId=o250010210091|Strong=0341|Type=participle_active 11 ַ֜י הוּא PRON _ Gender=Com|Number=Sing|Person=1|PronType=Prs 10 nmod:poss _ Gloss=my|Ref=LAM_1:21!9|MId=o250010210092|Strong=2967a|Type=pronominal 12 שָׁמְע֤וּ שָׁמַע VERB _ Gender=Com|HebBinyan=QAL|Number=Plur|Person=3 1 parataxis _ Gloss=they.heard|Ref=LAM_1:21!10|MId=o250010210101|Strong=8085|Frame=A0:250010210091;A1:250010210111;|Type=qatal 13-14 רָֽעָתִי֙ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 13 רָֽעָת רָעָה NOUN _ Gender=Fem|Number=Sing 12 obj _ Gloss=distress|Ref=LAM_1:21!11|MId=o250010210111|Strong=7451b 14 ִי֙ הוּא PRON _ Gender=Com|Number=Sing|Person=1|PronType=Prs 13 nmod:poss _ Gloss=my|Ref=LAM_1:21!11|MId=o250010210112|Strong=2967a|Type=pronominal 15 שָׂ֔שׂוּ שׂוּשׂ VERB _ Gender=Com|HebBinyan=QAL|Number=Plur|Person=3 1 parataxis _ Gloss=they.rejoiced|Ref=LAM_1:21!12|MId=o250010210121|Strong=7797|Frame=A0:250010210091;|Type=qatal 16 כִּ֥י כִּי SCONJ _ _ 18 mark _ Gloss=(cmp)|Ref=LAM_1:21!13|MId=o250010210131|Strong=3588 17 אַתָּ֖ה אַתָּה PRON _ Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=2|PronType=Prs 18 nsubj _ Gloss=you|Ref=LAM_1:21!14|MId=o250010210141|Strong=0859|Type=personal 18 עָשִׂ֑יתָ עָשָׂה VERB _ Gender=Masc|HebBinyan=QAL|Number=Sing|Person=2 1 parataxis _ Gloss=you.have.acted|Ref=LAM_1:21!15|MId=o250010210151|Strong=6213|Frame=A0:250010210141;|Type=qatal 19 הֵבֵ֥אתָ בּוֹא VERB _ Gender=Masc|HebBinyan=HIPHIL|Number=Sing|Person=2 1 parataxis _ Gloss=you.have.brought|Ref=LAM_1:21!16|MId=o250010210161|Strong=0935|Frame=AA:250010200021;A0:250010210171;|Type=qatal 20 יוֹם־ יוֹם NOUN _ Gender=Masc|Number=Sing 19 obj _ Gloss=[the].day|Ref=LAM_1:21!17|MId=o250010210171|Strong=3117|SpaceAfter=No 21 קָרָ֖אתָ קָרָא VERB _ Gender=Masc|HebBinyan=QAL|Number=Sing|Person=2 20 acl _ Gloss=[which].you.proclaimed|Ref=LAM_1:21!18|MId=o250010210181|Strong=7121|Frame=A0:250010200021;A1:250010210171;|Type=qatal 22-23 וְיִֽהְי֥וּ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 22 וְ וְ CCONJ _ _ 25 cc _ Gloss=and|Ref=LAM_1:21!19|MId=o250010210191|Strong=2050b 23 יִֽהְי֥וּ הָיָה AUX _ Gender=Masc|HebBinyan=QAL|Number=Plur|Person=3 25 cop _ Gloss=let.them.be|Ref=LAM_1:21!19|MId=o250010210192|Strong=1961|Frame=A0:250010210091;|Type=yiqtol 24-25 כָמֽוֹנִי _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 24 כָמֽוֹ כְּמוֹ ADP _ _ 25 case _ Gloss=like|Ref=LAM_1:21!20|MId=o250010210201|Strong=3644 25 נִי הוּא PRON _ Gender=Com|Number=Sing|Person=1|PronType=Prs 1 conj _ Gloss=me|Ref=LAM_1:21!20|MId=o250010210202|Strong=2967a|Type=pronominal 26 ׃ ׃ PUNCT _ _ 25 punct _ Ref=LAM_1:21!20|SpaceAfter=No 27 ס ס PUNCT _ _ 25 punct _ Ref=LAM_1:21!20 ``` ## Pragmatics {#pragmatics} - form: statement - act: assert - voice: character - speech: inside a quote begun earlier - negation: yes | verb | form · stem | who (A0) | what, whom (A1) | to whom, further (A2) | who makes it happen (AA) | | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | | **not** שָׁמְעוּ *they heard* | qatal · qal | | נֶאֱנָחָה *\[was\] groaning* | | | | נֶאֱנָחָה *\[was\] groaning* | participle passive · niphal | אָנִי *I* | | | | | שָׁמְעוּ *they heard* | qatal · qal | אֹיְב *enemies* | רָֽעָת *distress* | | | | שָׂשׂוּ *they rejoiced* | qatal · qal | אֹיְב *enemies* | | | | | עָשִׂיתָ *you have acted* | qatal · qal | אַתָּה *you* | | | | | הֵבֵאתָ *you have brought* | qatal · hiphil | יוֹם־ *\[the\] day* | | | | | קָרָאתָ *\[which\] you proclaimed* | qatal · qal | | יוֹם־ *\[the\] day* | | | | יִֽהְיוּ *let them be* | yiqtol · qal | אֹיְב *enemies* | | | | MACULA's semantic frames: for each verb the head word of each participant. A0 is the one who acts, A1 what the act is done to or is about, A2 a further participant; AA, with a causative verb, the one who makes it happen. ## The Targum {#onkelos} שְׁמָעוּ אוּמַיָּא אֲרוּם מִתְאַנָּחָא אֲנָא וְלֵית דִמְנַחֵם לִי כָּל בַּעֲלֵי דְבָבִי שְׁמָעוּ בִישְׁתָּא דִּי מְטָת עָלַי בָּדְחוּ אֲרוּם אַתְּ הוּא יְיָ דַעֲבַדְתְּ אַיְיתֵיתָא עָלַי יוֹם פּוּרְעָנוּתָא עַרְעִיתָא עָלַי מְעָרַע לְצַדִּיאוּתָנִי כְדֵין תְּעָרַא עִלַּוֵיהוֹן וִיהוֹן צַדְיָאן כְּוָתִי: The Aramaic translation read beside the Hebrew. Text only: Mova has no Aramaic parser yet. ## English, JPS 1917 {#english} Each sentence on its own page, with its tree and pragmatics. A sentence that runs on into the next verse is listed under the verse it begins in. 1. [They have heard that I sigh, there is none to comfort me; all mine enemies have heard of my trouble, and are glad, for Thou hast done it; Thou wilt bring the day that Thou hast proclaimed, and they shall be like unto me.](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/ketuvim/jps/LAM.24/) **Hebrew text:** Westminster Leningrad Codex, public domain. **Tree, glosses and frames:** MACULA Hebrew Linguistic Datasets, available at [github.com/Clear-Bible/macula-hebrew](https://github.com/Clear-Bible/macula-hebrew/), [CC BY 4.0](https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/); converted to Universal Dependencies by Mova (words in text order, a prefix its own word). **Speech act:** Mova's rules on the MACULA words (`macula prag`). **Targum:** Onkelos (Torat Emet), Jonathan and the Writings (Mikraot Gedolot), from Sefaria, public domain. **English:** JPS 1917, public domain; trees and speech acts by Mova's cycle, frames by Mova's reader (Elamur Cosmic License). Hebrew sentence `wlc:LAM:20`. - ← previous: [Lamentations 1:20](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/ketuvim/LAM.1.20/) - next →: [Lamentations 1:22](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/ketuvim/LAM.1.22/) - ↑ back to [Lamentations 1](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/ketuvim/LAM/1/)